Phenylpropanoid Metabolism Pathway in Plants / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

It is well established that plants as sessile organisms, are constantly threatened by various biotic and abiotic stresses in the living environment. So, during the long evolutionary process, sessile plants have to integrate a wide variety of environmental cues into their developmental programme to prioritize adaptive morphogenesis and metabolic pathways precise control. Previous studies have shown that the phenylpropane metabolic pathway is one of the important secondary metabolic pathways in plants, and the metabolites via phenylpropane metabolism, such as lignin, sporopollen, anthocyanin and organic acids, play an important role in the regulation of plant adaptive growth. In medicinal plants, the phenylpropane metabolic pathway is closely related to the synthesis of many medicinal active ingredients. Almost all natural medicinal molecules containing phenylpropane skeleton are synthesized directly or indirectly through this metabolic pathway, for example flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, etc. In addition, some secondary metabolites biosynthesized through phenylpropane metabolic pathway can be secreted from the plant root system into the peripheral soil to affect plant growth and ability of abiotic and biotic stress resist, by changing the microbial ecology of plant root system. Meanwhile, this phenylpropane-mediated plant-microbe interaction can also affect the genuine characters of the medicinal plants. In this paper, we summarize the latest research progress of plant phenylpropane metabolic pathway, especially the physiological functions and expression regulation mechanism of the products of phenylpropane metabolic pathway are introduced. We aim to provide guidance for further understanding of the potential relationship between the quality of medicinal plants and plant phenylpropane metabolic pathway, in the end to direct excellent Chinese herbal medicine breeding, then to further promote the vigorous development of Chinese medicine in China.

Características clínicas y evolutivas de pacientes rehabilitados con prótesis oculares / Clinical and evolutive characteristics of patients rehabilitated with ocular prosthesis

Introducción: La prótesis ocular es un medio artificial con fines funcional y estético, que posibilita la rehabilitación física, psíquica y social de pacientes con defectos en los ojos. Objetivo: Describir la evolución de los pacientes con prótesis ocular según signos de infección en las cavidades oculares rehabilitadas, factores de riesgos asociados, así como modificaciones en la forma de la cavidad y/o en la prótesis ocular. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, longitudinal y prospectivo de 74 pacientes aquejados por defectos oculares, que recibieron tratamiento protésico en el período de 2018 a 2019 en la Clínica de Rehabilitación Bucomaxilofacial de Santiago de Cuba, los cuales fueron evaluados a través de una encuesta y un examen clínico en tres momentos durante un año de evolución. Para establecer la asociación entre variables, se emplearon la prueba de la Χ2 de Pearson y la exacta de Fisher de acuerdo con el cumplimiento de supuestos. Resultados: De los 222 exámenes efectuados a las cavidades oculares rehabilitadas, 31 revelaron la presencia de secreciones en 23 pacientes, con recurrencia en 8 de ellos; dicho signo clínico se manifestó de manera similar a la hipercoloración de la conjuntiva en cuanto al momento del hallazgo y al grupo etario afectado, con mayores porcentajes al año de evolución y una incidencia superior en los pacientes de 60 y más años de edad. Asimismo, se constató una asociación estadísticamente significativa de las variables higiene diaria de la cavidad y de la prótesis con la existencia de secreciones, para un intervalo de confianza de 95 %. Conclusiones: Se demostró la ventaja del aseo semanal de la cavidad ocular y de la prótesis en sus portadores, pues con ello se disminuye la frecuencia de los signos inflamatorios e infecciosos de la mucosa, lo que debe observarse con mayor rigurosidad en los ancianos, quienes resultan ser los más afectados.

Introduction: Ocular prosthesis is an artificial means with functional and cosmetic ends that facilitates the physical, psychic and social rehabilitation of patients with eyes defects. Objective: To describe the evolution of patients with ocular prosthesis according to infection signs in the rehabilitated ocular cavities, associated risk factors, as well as modifications in the form of the cavity and/or in the ocular prosthesis Methods: An observational, longitudinal and prospective study of 74 patients suffering from eye defects that received prosthetist treatment from 2018 to 2019 in the oral maxillofacial Rehabilitation Clinic was carried out in Santiago de Cuba, who were evaluated through a survey and a clinical exam in three moments during a year of evolution. To establish the association between variables, the Pearson chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used with the fulfillment of suppositions. Results: Of the 222 exams made to the rehabilitated ocular cavities, 31 revealed the presence of secretions in 23 patients, with recurrence in 8 of them; this clinical sign became evident in a similar way to the hypercoloring of the conjunctiva as for the moment of the finding and the age group affected, with higher percentages at the year of evolution and a higher incidence in the patients of 60 years and over. Also, an association statistically significant of the daily hygiene of the cavity and prosthesis variables with the existence of secretions was verified, for a confidence interval of 95 %. Conclusions: The advantage of the ocular cavity and prosthesis weekly personal cleanliness was demonstrated, because with it the frequency of the inflammatory and infectious signs of the mucous is reduced, what should be strictly observed in elderly, who are the most affected.

Corpos secos ou molhados? Representações do suor em duas academias de ginástica do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil / Dried or wet bodies? Representations of sweat in two fitness centers in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil / Cuerpos secos o mojados? Representaciones del sudor en dos centros de acondicionamiento de Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Embora "suar a camisa" seja uma expressão êmica comum no âmbito das práticas corporais, pouco se têm explorado simbolicamente tal discurso na área de Educação Física. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi compreender em que medida as representações dos praticantes de musculação em academias de ginástica acerca do suor os influenciavam nos seus anseios para o corpo. Pautada pela abordagem antropológica, durante um ano, uma etnografia comparativa foi realizada em duas academias inseridas em contextos socioeconômicos e culturais distintos do Rio de Janeiro. Concluiu-se que a multiplicidade de significados atribuídos ao suor pelos alunos influenciava o engajamento dos mesmos no ato de se exercitar.

Although work hard with the sweat in the shirt presents an ordinary emic expression related to the corporal practices, it is possible to note a little number of investigations that the objective is to explore this conception, symbolically, in the Physical Education. The objective of the study is to understand the representations of some practitioners, emphasizing if there is any relationship between the sweat and their expectations toward the body in some Fitness Centers. The research is a comparative ethnography done in two different (in the social, economic and cultural aspects) Fitness Centers in Rio de Janeiro, during one year. The results show that the multiplicity of meanings related to the sweat by the students had a connection between the engagement and their exercise.

Aunque sudar la camisa sea una expresión común en el ámbito de las prácticas corporales, pocos estudios exploran simbólicamente ese discurso en la Educación Física. El trabajo tuvo como objetivo comprender de qué manera las representaciones de los practicantes de musculación en Centros de Acondicionamiento tocantes al sudor influenciaban sus deseos para el cuerpo. Pautado por una perspectiva antropológica, se realizó, durante un año, una etnografía comparativa en dos Centros de Acondicionamiento pertenecientes a contextos sociales, económicos y culturales distintos de la ciudad de Rio de Janeiro. Se concluyó que la multiplicidad de significados corporales atribuidos al sudor por los alumnos influenciaba su comprometimiento en el acto ejercitarse.

Design of Integrated Suction Detection System for Pediatric Oral Secretion / 中国医疗器械杂志

According to the actual requirements of pediatric intensive care, a suction detection system of pediatric oral secretions integrated with monitoring function is designed. The system has the function of adjustable intermittent attraction. The duration and proportion of intermittent attraction can be adjusted according to the individualized needs of pediatric intensive care. The suction head of pacifier can reduce the mechanical damage to pediatric oral mucosa as much as possible. Meanwhile, the system can detect and monitor the real-time biochemical indexes of the collected oral secretions, which can be used to help the judgement of aspiration and quantitatively evaluate the microcirculation dysfunction.

Effects of manual chest compression on expiratory flow bias during the positive end-expiratory pressure-zero end-expiratory pressure maneuver in patients on mechanical ventilation / Efeitos da compressão torácica manual sobre o flow bias expiratório durante a manobra positive end-expiratory pressure-zero end-expiratory pressure em pacientes sob ventilação mecânica invasiva

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the effects of manual chest compression (MCC) on the expiratory flow bias during the positive end-expiratory pressure-zero end-expiratory pressure (PEEP-ZEEP) airway clearance maneuver applied in patients on mechanical ventilation. The flow bias, which influences pulmonary secretion removal, is evaluated by the ratio and difference between the peak expiratory flow (PEF) and the peak inspiratory flow (PIF). Methods: This was a crossover randomized study involving 10 patients. The PEEP-ZEEP maneuver was applied at four time points, one without MCC and the other three with MCC, which were performed by three different respiratory therapists. Respiratory mechanics data were obtained with a specific monitor. Results: The PEEP-ZEEP maneuver without MCC was enough to exceed the threshold that is considered necessary to move secretion toward the glottis (PEF − PIF difference > 33 L/min): a mean PEF − PIF difference of 49.1 ± 9.4 L/min was achieved. The mean PEF/PIF ratio achieved was 3.3 ± 0.7. Using MCC with PEEP-ZEEP increased the mean PEF − PIF difference by 6.7 ± 3.4 L/min. We found a moderate correlation between respiratory therapist hand grip strength and the flow bias generated with MCC. No adverse hemodynamic or respiratory effects were found. Conclusions: The PEEP-ZEEP maneuver, without MCC, resulted in an expiratory flow bias superior to that necessary to facilitate pulmonary secretion removal. Combining MCC with the PEEP-ZEEP maneuver increased the expiratory flow bias, which increases the potential of the maneuver to remove secretions.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da compressão torácica manual (CTM) sobre o flow bias expiratório durante a manobra positive end-expiratory pressure-zero end-expiratory pressure (PEEP-ZEEP) para a remoção de secreção em pacientes sob ventilação mecânica invasiva. O flow bias, que influencia na remoção de secreção pulmonar, foi avaliado pela razão e diferença entre pico de fluxo expiratório (PFE) e pico de fluxo inspiratório (PFI). Métodos: Estudo cruzado e randomizado no qual participaram 10 pacientes. A manobra PEEP-ZEEP foi aplicada em quatro momentos, sendo um sem CTM e os outros três em associação com a CTM, que foram aplicadas por três fisioterapeutas distintos. Um monitor específico foi utilizado para o registro dos dados de mecânica respiratória. Resultados: A manobra PEEP-ZEEP sem a CTM foi suficiente para ultrapassar o limiar do flow bias expiratório (diferença PFE − PFI > 33 l/min), considerado necessário para deslocar a secreção em direção à glote; a média da diferença PFE − PFI encontrada foi de 49,1 ± 9,4 l/min. A média da razão PFE/PFI alcançada foi de 3,3 ± 0,7. A associação da CTM à PEEP-ZEEP aumentou a média da diferença PFE − PFI em 6,7 ± 3,4 l/min. Foi observada correlação moderada entre a força de preensão manual dos fisioterapeutas e o flow bias gerado durante a CTM. Não foram encontradas alterações hemodinâmicas ou respiratórias adversas ao longo do estudo. Conclusões: A manobra PEEP-ZEEP sem a CTM resultou em um flow bias expiratório superior ao considerado efetivo para auxiliar na remoção de secreção pulmonar. A associação com a CTM aumentou o flow bias expiratório, o que aumenta o potencial da manobra para remover secreções.

Bacterial surveillance and drug resistance analysis of ESBLs Enterobacteriaceae produced by female vaginal secretions / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective In order to understand the distribution and drug resistance of the extended-spectrumβ-lactamase-producing (ESBLs) Enterobacteriaceae in female vaginal secretions and to provide the basis for clinical treatment.Methods 939 strains of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from female vaginal secretions were collected from Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University from January 2014 to December 2017.The strain identification and drug sensitivity test of VITECK 2 Compact-totally automatic bacterial identification analyzer were used to analyze the detection rate and drug resistance of ESBLs Enterobacteriaceae.Results 257 strains of ESBLs-producing strains were detected in 939 strains of Enterobacteriaceae with a detection rate of 27％, including 220 Escherichia coli, 34 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 2 Stink-nose Klebsiella and 1 strain of Acidogenic Klebsiella.ESBLs Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were all resistant to Ampicillin and Cefazolin, and to Ceftazidime, Nitrofurantoin, SMZ, Amikacin, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, tobramycin, Ampicillin/Sulbactam, Ceftriaxone, Ertapenem, Piperacillin/Tazobactam, Aztreonam, Cefepime, Levofloxacin the drug resistance rates of were 36％and 44％, 2％ and 41％, 67％ and 68％, 2％ and 15％, 58％ and 38％, 51％ and65％, 14％and 26％, 65％and 76％, 99％and 97％, 0％and 29％, 0％and 3％, 50％and 65％, 26％and 18％, 57％ and 32％, but they are all sensitive to Imipenem and Cefotetan.Conclusion The inicdence of ESBLs Enterobacteriaceae in female vaginal secretions is high, and Imipenem, Cefotetan, Piperacillin/Tazobactam have high antibacterial activity, which can be used as the experience of initial treatment.

Observation on the relationship between intension of snails secretion and the condition of wrecked schistosoma larvae in Oncomelania hupensis dually infected with Exorchis mupingensis and Schistosoma japonicum for different intervals / 中国人兽共患病学报

The Oncomelania hupensis snails were dually infected with Exorchis mupingensis and Schistosoma japonicum at different intervals for 21 d,37 d,55 d,70 d and 85 d.The results indicated that the development of all S.japonicum larvae were blocked in the snails of co-infection,and the complexity and number of secretions in and around all the wrecked S.japonicum larvae is proportional to the intervals of co-infection.In addition,we also described and compared the detailed change of snails' secretions in different conditions of infection,and determined that the snail's secretions may involve in the destruction and damage of S.japonicum larvae.The attack degrees on larval S.japonicum in O.hupensis snails dually infected by E.mupingensis and S.japonicum with longer intervals were stronger than that of shorter intervals,and snail haemo-lymphocytes numbers were more few in that of shorter intervals.But the secretions remarkably increased in more longer interval model experimental snail tissue.This finding may provide an alternative strategy for reducing and controlling the transmission of S.japonicum,and are very helpful for better understanding the host-parasite relationship.

Diagnostic value of Eos in nasal secretion of allergic rhinitis patients to predict serum slgE level / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between the distribution of eosinophils(Eos) of nasal secretion and serum specific IgE(sIgE) titer in patients with allergic rhinitis, and to evaluate the diagnostic value of Eos in nasal secretion for allergic rhinitis. METHODS A total of 60 allergic rhinitis patients from Department of Otolaryngology, Beijing Shunyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine during Jan.2016 to June 2017 were selected as treatment group, and another 60 cases of non-allergic rhinitis and 30 normal persons in the corresponding time period were chosen as control group. Eos in nasal secretions and serum sIgE were measured in all the subjects and the relationship between Eos distribution and serum sIgE level was analyzed. RESULTS The Eos distribution and serum level of sIgE was consistent(κ=0.264, P=0.000) and statistical significance was found. The area of ROC of the Eos in nasal secretion was 0.881, the standard deviation was 0.025 and 95％ confidence interval was 0.841 to 0.924. The Udden index of ROC reached the maximum when the Eos in nasal secretion smear was graded as level 3, the sensitivity was 88.5％ and specificity was 99.4％. CONCLUSION Eos cytological examination of nasal secretions has some auxiliary value in the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis. It is a cheap, simple and rapid method, which can be used as an effective reference index for diagnosing allergic rhinitis in primary hospital.

Susceptibilidad antimicrobiana en aislamientos de secreción endotraqueal en la unidad de cuidados intensivos de un hospital nacional de Lima, 2016 / Antimicrobial susceptibility among endotracheal isolates in an intensive care unit in Lima, 2016

Objetivos: Determinar la frecuencia de microorganismos y el patrón de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana en aislamientos de cultivos de secreción endotraqueal en la unidad de cuidados intensivos de un hospital nacional de Lima. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo. Se incluyeron 195 cultivos positivos de secreción endotraqueal de pacientes en ventilación mecánica durante el periodo enero a diciembre del 2016. Resultados: Acinetobacter sp. fue la bacteria más frecuentemente aislada (28%) seguido por Pseudomonas aeruginosa (22%) y Klebsiella pneumoniae (14%), Los aislamientos con Acinetobacter sp. presentaron una elevada resistencia a antibióticos carbapenémicos (meropenem 90% eimipenem 88%). Conclusiones: Se identificó una elevada frecuencia de Acinetobacter sp. En cultivos de secreción traqueal en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, con un patrón de multirresistencia. (AU)

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of micro-organisms and their susceptibility pattern among endotracheal isolates in an intensive care unit in national hospital in Lima. Methods: An observational, descriptive study was carried-out from January to December 2016, 195 positive isolates from endotracheal aspirates of patients under mechanical ventilation were analyzed. Results: Acinetobacter spp. was the most common bacteria isolates (28%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (22%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (14%). Acinetobacter spp. was highly resistant to carbapenems (90% to meropenem and 88% to imipenem). Conclusions: Multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter spp. was the most common pathogen isolated in this setting. (AU)

Comparative analysis on candida infection detection methods of vaginal secretion / 重庆医学

Objective To analyze the correlation among 3 kinds of detection methods of routine microscopic examination,fluorescence PCR nucleic acid amplification and fungal color culture in the fungal detection of vaginal secretion.Methods The patients with suspected vaginitis treated in this hospital during 2014-2016 were selected.Each 500 cases of negative and positive vaginal secretion samples by microscopic examination were collected.The candida types were identified by using the fluorescence PCR nucleic acid amplification,then 100 samples with the positive results of fluorescence PCR nucleic acid amplification for detecting fungal were performed the fungal microbial culture to verify the accuracy rate of typing results.Results The Kappa value of consistency test between fluorescence PCR nucleic acid amplification and routine microscopic examination was 0.632,the consistency between them was poor.Among 500 positive samples of vaginal secretion detected by routine microscopic examination,382 cases (76.4 ％) of Candida albicans infection were detected by fluorescence PCR nucleic acid amplification,73 cases (14.6％) were Candida glabrata infection,10 cases (2.0 ％) were Candida tropicalis infection,3 cases (0.6 ％) were Candida albicans combined Candida glabrata infection and 32 cases (6.4 ％) were other fungal infection.Among 500 negative samples by conventional microscopic examination,152 positive cases were identified by fluorescence PCR nucleic acid amplification,including 130 cases of Candida albicans,16 cases of Candida glabrata and 6 cases of Candida tropicalis.There was no statistical significant difference in positive rate between the fluorescence PCR nucleic acid amplification and CHROMAgar rapid color method (x2 =0.131,P =0.936).Conclusion For the patients with clinical manifestations and negative microscopic examination results,it is recommended to conduct fluorescence PCR nucleic acid amplification rapid type identification or fungal culture identification.

"Suando a camisa" em academias de ginástica do Rio de Janeiro: um estudo etnográfico / "Sweating the shirt" in fitness centers of Rio de Janeiro: an ethnographic study

Resumo As secreções humanas podem indicar como os grupos sociais compreendem múltiplas formas de usos do corpo. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar como o suor pode ser concebido pelos alunos em academias de ginástica. Durante um ano, foi realizada pesquisa etnográfica comparativa em academias de pequeno e grande porte, respectivamente, inseridas em um bairro popular e nobre do Rio de Janeiro. Foi possível concluir que enquanto na academia de pequeno porte havia certa positividade atribuída ao suor devido à sociabilização e à noção de sucesso na performance durante as práticas corporais e cotidiano laboral, na academia de grande porte o mesmo tendia a ser visto com repulsa, limitando os encontros face a face e os esforços físicos extenuantes.

Abstract Human secretions can indicate how some social groups understand the large number of possibilities to use the body. This study aimed to analyze how sweat can be perceived by the users when they are in a fitness center. An ethnography research was conducted during one year in Rio de Janeiro city, comparing a small and a large fitness center, the former located in a popular neighborhood and the latter in a noble neighborhood. Therefore, as long as sweat was noticed in a positive way in the small fitness center and related to performance improvements, in the other fitness center sweat was conceived as something repulsive, limiting the meeting between users and the exhaustive exercises.

Analysis of Bacteriological Characteristics and Drug Sensitivity of Nasal Secretions of Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS)in Our Hospital from 2013 to 2015 / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the bacteriological characteristics of nasal secretions of chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS)in our hospital,and conduct drug sensitivity test in order to provide theoretic reference for clinical treatment. METHODS:87 CRS patients underwent nasal endoscopic surgery were selected and the nasal secretions of patients were taken for bacterial culture. Automatic microbial analyzer was used to identify the bacteriological characteristics,and disk diffusion test was adopted for drug sensitivity test. RESULTS:Of 87 patients,bacterial strains were detected from 77 cases of nasal secretions,with positive rate of 88.5%. 112 strains were detected,including 81 strains of aerobic bacterium and 31 strains of anaerobic bacterium,and the most common bacterium were Staphylococcus aureus (20.54%). Antibiotics with the highest sensitivity was moxifloxacin (89.29%), followed by ciprofloxacin(87.50%),vancomycin(87.50%). CONCLUSIONS:The bacterial in nasal secretions of CRS patients has high positive detection rate and mainly are aerobic bacterium. Antibiotics should be used rationally according to the results of drug sensitivity test.

Application of Airway Secretions Expurgation Cluster Management in Oxygen-driven Aerosol Inhalation Therapy / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the application of airway secretions expurgation cluster manage-ment in oxygen-driven aerosol inhalation. METHODS:280 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the Respiratory Second Division of our hospital from Mar. 2012 to Dec. 2013 were randomly divided into group A,B,C and D,with 70 cases in each group.Group A and B were treated with compound isopropyl bromide 2 ml+nomal saline 5 ml,10 min/time,twice a day,and 6 L/min oxygen-driven aerosol inhalation for 7 days;group C and Dreceived Ambroxol hydrochloride injection 15 ml+normal saline 5 ml,10 min/time,twice a day,and 6 L/min oxygen-driven aerosol inhalatiom for 7 days. group A and C were treatment groups, group B and D were control groups. Two treatment groups inhaled compound medications while the application of airway secretions expurgation cluster management. Two control groups inhaled compound medications with single effective cough guidance. RE-SULTS:Compared with control groups,the patients in treatment groups eliminated more phlegm,had lower (PaCO2)and higher (PaO2),also had a shorter hospitalization period,with significant difference(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Airway secretions expur-gation cluster management technology is a simple,safe and effective method,especially in patients with chronic obstructive pulmo-nary disease in oxygen-driven inhalation therapy.

Expression and significance of eotaxin in nasal secretions / 重庆医学

Objective To discuss the expression and significance of eotaxin in the nasal secretions of the patients with nasal pol-yps .Methods The nasal secretion samples were collected from 40 patients including 15 cases of nasal polyps ,15 cases of chronic si-nusitis and 10 cases of nasal septum deviation .The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was adopted to detect the concen-tration of eotaxin .Results The average concentration of eotaxin was (468 .82 ± 440 .64)pg/mL in nasal polyps ,(443 .85 ± 334 .68) pg/mL in chronic sinusitis and (149 .23 ± 49 .01)pg/mL in nasal septum deviation .The eotaxin concentrations in the nasal polyps group and the chronic sinusitis group were higher than those in the nasal septum deviation group ,the difference was statistically significant(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The eotaxin concentration in the nasal secretions of the patients with nasal polyps is significantly increaseed ,which might be concluded that eotaxin may play an important role in the occurrence and development process of nasal polyps .

Effects of the traditional chinese medicine sanzipaitantang combined with ambroxol in the treatment of airway mucus hypersecretion in rats with asthma / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of the traditional Chinese medicine SanZiPaiTanTang combined with ambroxol in the treatment of airway mucus hypersecretion in rats with asthma. Methods Forty SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (8 each): normal group, asthma group, SanZiPaiTanTang group (Chinese medicine group), ambroxol group (Western medicine group), SanZiPaiTanTang combined with ambroxol group (The combinational group). The rat asthma model was reproduced with ovalbumin (OVA), and all these rats were morphologically scored on the 42th and 56th day. Airway inflammation was observed pathologically with HE staining, and the expression of lung tissue mucin (MUC5AC) was examined by immunohistochemistry The IL-13 content in serum was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the proliferation of goblet cells in airway was detected by periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining. Results The morphological score and airway inflammation decreased in all drug treated groups as compared with those in asthma group. The MUC5AC levels were higher in asthma group than in normal group (0.530 ± 0.035 vs 0.132 ± 0.020, P<0.05), the combination group (0.254 ± 0.029), the Chinese medicine group (0.359 ± 0.025) and the Western medicine group (0.386 ± 0.030) (P<0.05), while the difference between combinational group and Chinese medicine group or Western medicine group was statistically significant (P<0.05). The IL-13 contents markedly decreased in the combinational group, Chinese medicine group and Western medicine group compared with that in asthma group (42.41 ± 3.15, 46.31 ± 3.07, 43.05 ± 2.70 vs 51.65 ± 4.07, P<0.05), and the difference between the combinational group and Chinese medicine group was statistically signifcant (P<0.05), but no signifcant difference was found between the combinational group and the Western medicine group. Te goblet cell hyperplasia area was signifcantly lower in the three drug treated groups than in asthma group (41.21 ± 2.88, 48.10 ± 3.44, 51.06 ± 3.51 vs 63.25 ± 5.02, P<0.05), and the difference between combinational group and Chinese medicine group or Western medicine group was statistically signifcant (P<0.05). Conclusion SanZiPaiTanTang combined with ambroxol can suppress the hypersecretion of airway mucus in asthma rats probably by reducing the expression of IL-13 and the proliferation of goblet cells, and its efficacy is higher than that of Chinese medicine or Western medicine alone.

Analysis of EQA results of several genitourinary tract secretion routine tests from 2009 to 2011 in Guizhou province / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective To establish an external quality assessment ( EQA) system of genitourinary tract secretions routine testing in Guizhou Province and improve the overall testing level.Methods From 2009 to 2011, more than 50 clinical laboratories in different grade hospitals from Guizhou Province were enrolled as participating units every year.EQA was carried out twice a year.Each time, five slides of high quality Wright′s or Gram stain smear of the genitourinary tract secretions or photographs obtained from these smears were selected to send to the participating laboratories for testing, and the feedback results from each laboratory were analyzed.The qualification was judged by the coincidence rate equal to or more than 80%. The average coincidence rates of each time and each year were statistically analyzed by Chi-squared test. Results From 2009 to 2011, the number of EQA participating units increased from 55 to 96, with an average return rate of >80%.Coincidence rates <80%of the 6 EQA results in the 3 years were as follow:four times for coccobacteria (73.7%,77.8%,61.1%,77.1%), twice for bacillus (75.6%,79.3%) and coccobacillus (64.3%,52.1%), once for infusorian (79.7%), epithelial cells (76.1%), neutropenia (75.7%) and cleanliness (71.3%).There were six batches of 30 quality assessment controls (accounting for 20.0%) in the six EQAs had the coincidence rate of <80%.Eleven items of 30 quality assessment controls with 1 to 15 batches were unqualified ( average coincidence rate of<80%) respectively.The item with the highest total average coincidence rate was suspected gonococcus (94.2%), and two items with the lowest total average coincidence rates were coccus and coccobacillus ( 77.0%, 75.2%, respectively ) . Conclusions This EQA program carried out within a certain range of clinical laboratories achieved good results:participating units increased significantly;the total score of all the items showed an obviously upward trend;the quality awareness of clinical lab technicians has enhanced to a certain extent.In this study, EQA system of genitourinary tract secretion routine testing were preliminarily established in Guizhou province, which provided a reference model of internal quality control ( IQC ) and EQA for clinical laboratories and higher authorities, and will be bound to have a positive impact on improvement of the overall level of genitourinary tract secretion routine testing.

Fungal distribution and drug sensitivity analysis in 113 cases of lesion secretions / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To analyze the fungal distribution and drug sensitivity analysis in 113 cases of lesion secretions .Methods Identification of fungi and drug sensitive test were done in 113 cases of lesion secretions .Results Among the 113 cases of lesion se-cretions ,there were Candida albicans 75 cases(66 .4% ) ,Candida dublin 29 cases(26 .7% ) ,Candida parapsilosis 6 cases(5 .3% ) , Candida krusei 3 cases(2 .7% ) .For Candida albicans ,the drug sensitive rates of 5-fluorocytosine and amphotericin B were 94 .7%and 97 .3% respectively .For Candida dublin ,the drug sensitive rate of amphotericin B was 93 .1% .For Candida parapsilosis ,the drug sensitive rates of voriconazole and amphotericin B were both 83 .3% .For Candida krusei ,the drug sensitive rates of 5-fluoro-cytosine and amphotericin B were both 100 .0% .Conclusion Strengthening the fungal distribution and drug sensitivity analysis be-fore treatment in fungal lesion secretions may provide direction for the clinical treatments .

Clinical significance of combined detection of C reactive protein and cervical secretion smear in chorioamnionitis with preterm premature rupture of membranes / 中国综合临床

Objective To explore the clinical significance in combined detection of C-reactive protein and the cervical secretion smear in chorioamnionitis with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM).Methods Eighty patients with PPROM (PPROM group) were selected and divided into chorioamnionitis group (n =55) and without chorioamnionitis(n =25) according to the diagnosis.The levels of C-reactive protein and cervical smear were analysis,including sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value.Sixty cases of preterm no premature rupture of membranes pregnant women with the same gestational age were chosed as the control group.Results The positive rate of CRP and cervical secretions smear in PPROM group were higher than those of control group,and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =50.24,54.81 ;P ＜ 0.05).The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value by the CRP diagnosis of chorioamnionitis in patients with PPROM were 58.18％,63.64％,36.00％,32.00％ respectively.Those indices of cervical secretions smear diagnosis were 66.67％,67.31％,29.03％,28.57％ respectively.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value regarding of CRP and cervical secretions smear joint inspection diagnosis of chorioamnionitis were 69.09％,88.00％,92.68％,56.41％ respectively.Conclusion The inspection of CRP combined with cervical secretion smear can improve specificity and positive predictive value of chorioamnionitis diagnosis with PPROM pregnant women.

Effect of itermittent subglottic secretions drainage on management of artificial airway to prevent tube-related pulmonary pneumonia / 现代临床护理

Objective To estimate the effect of itermittent subglottic secretions drainage(ISSD)on management of artificial airway to prevent tube-related pulmonary pneumonia.Methods One hundred ICU patients with intubation for artificial airway were divided equally into control and experiment group by random digits table.Both were managed with construction of artificial airway and besides the experiment group received ISSD. The two groups were compared in terms of incidence and occurrence time of catheter-related pneumonia, time for airway opening and ICU stay.Result The incidence and the occurrence time of pneumonia, time for airway opening and ICU stay time in the experiment group were significantly lower or shorter than those in the control group with statistical difference(all P<0.05).Conclusion ISSD is effective in decreasing the incidence of catheter related pneumonia, shortening the occurrence time of catheter related pneumonia and ICU stay time for the patients with artificial airway.

Meta analysis of continuous aspiration of subglottic secretions in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To assess the effectiveness of continuous aspiration of subglottic secretions (CASS)in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia.Methods The relevant randomized controlled trials were searched in the Cochrane Library,Pubmed,CNKI,VIP and Wanfang databases.The experimental group received CASS and the control group did not(NASS group).Two reviewers selected studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,the quality of studies was critically appraised and data were extracted by two reviewers independently.Meta-analysis was conducted by using RevMan 5.2.Results Sixteen randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria and enrolled 2 576 patients.According to the meta analysis,compared with NASS,CASS reduced the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia,shortened the length of stay in the intensive care unit and the duration of mechanical ventilation.There was no effect on hospital mortality.Conclusions Continuous aspiration of subglottic secretions appears effective in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia,decreasing the duration of intensive care unit length of stay and mechanical ventilation among critically ill patients with mechanical ventilation.