ABSTRACT
O termo narcisismo serviu como adjetivo para a cultura na qual estamos inseridos, nos séculos XX e XXI, como sinônimo de superficialidade emocional, egolatría, arrogância, distanciamento afetivo, hedonismo etc. Estes discursos propiciaram uma abertura para nos questionarmos sobre o impacto das transformações sociais em nossas subjetividades. Porém, o que observamos foi o transbordamento da visão negativa e patológica do conceito aos processos culturais. Isto reforçou a visão moralista e discriminadora do termo. Neste texto, atendendo ao convite que me foi feito, escreverei sobre Heinz Kohut e sua conceituação do narcisismo, e acrescentarei as noções de contexto e de cocriação, adicionadas à psicologia psicanalítica do self pelos teóricos da intersubjetividade e da psicanálise relacional.
The term narcissism served as an adjective for the culture in which we operate, in the 20th and 21st centuries, as a synonym for emotional shallowness, egotism, arrogance, emotional detachment, hedonism, etc. These discourses have provided an opening for the questioning about the impact of social changes in our subjectivities. However, what we observed was the spillover of the negative and pathological view of the concept to cultural processes. This reinforced the moralistic and discriminatory view of the term. In this paper, complying to the invitation I was given, I will write about Heinz Kohut and his conceptualization of narcissism, adding the notions of context and of co-creation that were added to psychoanalytic self psychology by theorists of intersubjectivity and relational psychoanalysis.
El término narcisismo sirvió como un adjetivo para la cultura en la cual estamos insertados, en los siglos XX y XXI, como sinónimo de superficialidad emocional, egoísmo, egolatría, desapego emocional, hedonismo, etc. Estos discursos han ofrecido una oportunidad para interrogarnos sobre el impacto de los cambios sociales en nuestras subjetividades. Sin embargo, lo que observamos fue la propagación de los puntos de vista negativos y patológicos del concepto hacia los procesos culturales. Esto reforzó la visión moralista y discriminatoria del término. En este trabajo, teniendo en cuenta la invitación que me fue hecha, escribiré sobre Heinz Kohut y su conceptualización del narcisismo, y añadiré las nociones de contexto y de co-creación que se agregaron a la psicología psicoanalítica del self por los teóricos de la intersubjetividad y del psicoanálisis relacional.
ABSTRACT
O presente artigo tem como finalidade despertar o interesse pelo fenômeno narcísico, tanto o individual como o coletivo. Busca unir alguns conceitos oriundos da psicanálise e da psicologia do self com os da psicologia analítica, considerando a função narcísica como responsável pelo desenvolvimento da consciência ou por sua estagnação, que resulta de falhas de espelhamento do bebê, que, por sua vez, geram feridas narcísicas. A fim de promover a retomada do desenvolvimento do eu do sujeito em análise, o analista deverá ter entrado profundamente e por inteiro no processo de autoconhecimento. Com essa mesma disposição, ele contribuirá para a individuação de seu analisando.
This paper aims to waken interest for the narcissistic phenomenon on individual and collective matters. It intends to unite some of the concepts that were create by psychoanalysis' and the self psychology's theories with the ones of analytical psychology, based on the fact that the narcissistic function is responsible for the development of the conscience, as well as for its stagnation, which is due to failures in the mirroring of the baby. These failures result in narcissistic wounds. To promote the resumption of the development of the patient's I in the analysis process, the analyst should have had the opportunity to profoundly enter in his or her own self-knowledge process. With quite the same disposition, the analyst shall be able to contribute to his or her patient's individuation process.
Subject(s)
Narcissism , Psychoanalysis , Self PsychologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Although there have been many studies in the academic fields outside theology about religious conversion experience, only a few objective methodological research efforts have been possible because of difficulties in scientific approach due to the subjective's individual and diverse characteristics. Recently, research from a psychological and psychiatric point of view has begun. There are many different viewpoints toward religious conversion: from a psychoanalytic perspective, regarding it as a projection of the father figure; to negative attitudes such as sexual repression, exhibitionism, neurosis, psychosis, dissociation, organic brain disease, aphasia and compensation for deprivation; and also to positive viewpoints that there is no psychopathology, that the experience of religious conversion exert an adaptive effect, and that it is a phenomenon which happens to persons who have a well-integrated personality. From the viewpoint of psychoanalytic self-psychology, religious conversion is self-object seeking behavior in people who have a narcissistic personality trend. In this study we tried to demonstrate the association between religious conversion and narcissistic personality trend. Particularly, we attempted to show the hypothesis that the crisis conversion group has a higher association with the narcissistic personality trend. METHOD: We divided the subjects into 3 groups (crisis conversion group, progressive conversion group, non-conversion group) and analyzed the differences in the scales of narcissistic personality according to the diagnostic criteria (diagnostic criteria for narcissistic personality disorder based on prototypicality rating and narcissistic personality inventory). RESULT: The results showed that the crisis conversion group had a significantly higher value than the other 2 groups for narcissistic personality inventory and factor II (Leadership/Authority) and factor III (Superiority/Arrogance), showing that the crisis conversion group had a higher narcissistic personality trend. CONCLUSION: The crisis conversion group has more narcissistic personality trend than other 2 groups and the narcissistic personality trend which was found in the crisis conversion group may have a more adaptive and functioning dimension in contrast to a pathological and maladaptive one.