Sentinel event in oral health: experience with children with up to six years of age, users of the Unified Health System / Evento sentinela em saúde bucal: experiência com crianças até seis anos de idade usuárias do Sistema Único De Saúde

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to find out the children's profile identified as Sentinel Event in oral health by the Municipal Health Department of the city of Belo Horizonte, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: A quantitative, analytical, exploratory and documentary analysis study was developed in the city of Belo Horizonte, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, involving 545 children, age ranging from zero to six years old. Sentinel event data were collected through an electronic form created in the Unified Health System and filled out by the municipal oral health teams. Information systems of the city council were consulted. The variables studied were as follows: Health Vulnerability Index, race/color, age, sex, to be beneficiary of the Bolsa Família Program (a social program sponsored by the government), to be monitored by the Strategy of the Family Health Program, to reside in the Belo Horizonte Citizenship Program area, nature of the school and region of residence. Statistical analysis was performed in the SPSS software, 20th version. Results: The results showed that the majority of children live in areas of medium and high social risk, they are five to six years old, male, dark-skinned, do not benefit from the Bolsa Família program, are not under the Strategy of the Family Health Program, do not reside in the territory of the Belo Horizonte Citizenship Program, and study in institutions of the municipal education network. The sentinel event is present in the nine regions of Belo Horizonte, with a higher prevalence in the regions of Venda Nova, Northeast, West, East and Barreiro. Conclusion: The study demonstrates the crucial importance of comprehensive social policies in order to influence oral health.

RESUMO Objetivo: Conhecer o perfil das crianças identificadas como evento sentinela em saúde bucal pela Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Belo Horizonte. Métodos: Um estudo quantitativo, analítico, exploratório e de análise documental, foi desenvolvido em Belo Horizonte, Brasil, envolvendo 545 crianças de zero a seis anos de idade. Os dados dos eventos sentinela foram coletados por meio de um formulário eletrônico criado no Formulário do Sistema Único de Saúde e preenchido pelas equipes de saúde bucal municipais. Também foram consultados sistemas de informação da Prefeitura Municipal de Belo Horizonte. As variáveis estudadas foram: Índice de Vulnerabilidade à Saúde, raça/cor, idade, sexo, ser beneficiário do Programa Bolsa Família, ser acompanhado pela Estratégia da Saúde da Família, residir na área do Belo Horizonte Cidadania, natureza da instituição escolar e regional de residência. A análise estatística foi realizada no programa SPSS versão 20.0. Resultados: A maior parte das crianças reside em áreas de média e elevada vulnerabilidade à saúde, são pardas, têm de cinco a seis anos de idade, são do sexo masculino, não beneficiárias do Programa Bolsa família, não são acompanhadas pela Estratégia Saúde da Família, não residem em território do Programa BH cidadania e estudam em instituições próprias da rede municipal de ensino. O evento sentinela está presente em toda a cidade de Belo Horizonte, com maiores prevalências nas regionais Venda Nova, Nordeste, Oeste, Leste e Barreiro. Conclusão: O estudo demonstra como a adoção de políticas sociais abrangentes pode influenciar a situação de saúde bucal.

Embarazo adolescente no diagnosticado: análisis de un evento centinela / Inadvertent adolescent pregnancy: a sentinel analysis

Un evento centinela es un suceso inesperado que implica la muerte, o una lesión física o psicológica grave. En este caso, el evento fue el embarazo adolescente no diagnosticado antes de la indicación de tratamientos o métodos de diagnóstico potencialmente dañinos. El equipo tratante realizó un análisis de causa-raíz en el que se identificaron las siguientes causas: a) sesgo pediátrico: no pensar en el comportamiento sexual adolescente, cuestionarios incompletos, insuficiente formación en entrevistas con adolescentes, b) factores sociales: cuestiones legales, recomendaciones ambiguas con respecto a la sexualidad, c) factores hospitalarios: ausencia de guías clínicas en el tema, d) factores del paciente: historia oculta de abuso sexual, barreras culturales, falta de confianza. Antes de realizar procedimientos potencialmente teratogénicos en pacientes adolescentes, se debería efectuar una prueba diagnóstica de embarazo, con independencia de los resultados negativos de pruebas de embarazo de ciclos menstruales previos

A sentinel event is an unexpected occurrence involving death or serious physical or psychological injury, or the risk thereof.The sentinel event identified was undiagnosed adolescent pregnancy before the indication of potentially harmful treatments or diagnostic methods. The team performed a root -cause analysis where the following causes were identified: a) Paediatrician bias: not thinking about adolescent sexual behaviour, incomplete questionnaires, insufficient training in adolescent interviews. b) Social factors: legal issues, ambiguous contraceptive recommendations. c) Hospital factors: lack of guidelines for counselling adolescents. d) Host risk factors: cultural barriers, lack of confidence. Regardless of any previous negative pregnancy test results, any time that a new potentially harmful procedure is indicated in a fertile female patient, a test of pregnancy diagnosed might be performed.

Eventos centinela y la notificación por el personal de enfermería / Sentinel events and notification by nursing staff

Introducción: Reportes internacionales indican que sólo 5 % de los eventos adversos son notificados, esto se debe a factores inherentes al personal de salud, como miedo al castigo, evidencia al ejercicio de la práctica, desconocimiento del programa de notificación y falta de reinformación posterior a la notificación, entre otros. Objetivo: Identificar en el personal de enfermería el conocimiento que tienen del programa VENCER, "Sistema de Vigilancia de Eventos Centinela y Riesgos" y determinar los factores relacionados en la notificación de los eventos. Metodología: Estudio transversal, en 226 enfermeras seleccionadas con muestreo probabilístico, por conglomerado. Se elaboró instrumento con 62 reactivos, validado mediante alpha de Cronbach, obteniéndose una confiabilidad de 0.73, para el análisis se utilizó el programa SPSS V 14, y se aplicó estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Edad promedio del personal de enfermería 38 años, con predominio del sexo femenino 96 %, enfermeras generales 51 %, enfermeras especialistas 21 %, y 22 % enfermeras con estudios de licenciatura. El factor que limitó el registro de eventos fue el desconocimiento del programa de notificación 92 % y falta de reinformación 84 %. La categoría institucional p = 0.02, es factor asociado significativamente al conocimiento del evento centinela, no se encontraron diferencias en relación al conocimiento del personal del evento centinela p = 0.03 y el conocimiento del Programa VENCER p- 0.04, respecto a cada unidad de adscripción. La falta de reinformación por el personal directivo posterior a la notificación del evento es uno de los factores asociados a la notificación. Conclusiones: Es imperativo la difusión del Programa VENCER a todo el personal para garantizar la seguridad del paciente en las unidades hospitalarias.

Abstract Introduction: International reports show that only 5 % of adversity effects are notified; which is due to inherent factors related to health staff, such as being afraid to be punished, being exposed to the professional praxis, unknowing the notification program and the lack of reinformation after the first notification, among others. Objective: To identify among nursing staff their knowledge of the program: VENCER, or "system of surveillance for sentinel events and risks" and determine factors related in the notification of events. Methodology: Transversal study done in 226 nurses selected through probabilistic sampling, by conglomerates. An instrument was elaborated with 62 items, and validated with Cronbach's alfa, obtaining a level of confidence of 0.73. For the analysis, the software SPSS V14 was utilized, applying descriptive statistics. Results: Average age of nursing staff was 38 years old, 96 % of them female, 51 % professional nurses, 21 % specialized nurses, and 22 % with level of baccalaureate degree. Conclusions: It is imperative the difussions of the program VENCER to all the operative personnel according to guarantee the security to the patient in all hospital units.

El error médico: eventos adversos / Medical error: adverse events

En la actualidad, la seguridad de los pacientes durante el proceso de atención médica ha alcanzado una relevancia prioritaria, determinando la necesidad urgente de garantizarles que sus necesidades de salud se vean satisfechas en las mejores condiciones posibles, sin verse complicadas por eventos adversos ocurridos durante el proceso de la atención. En el presente documento se proponen definiciones de los términos error médico, criterio médico, evento adverso y evento centinela, a fin de manejar conceptos semejantes. Se presenta la secuencia de eventos que puede conducir a la toma de una decisión correcta o incorrecta, el error consecuente y su derivación hacia un evento adverso, con daño para el paciente. Se hace énfasis en que la práctica médica está inmersa en un paradigma biológico impredecible, adaptativo, reactivo y creativo, a diferencia de las ciencias físico-matemáticas, que están dentro de un paradigma sujeto a leyes matemáticas, predecible y estructurado. Como consecuencia de esto, en la práctica médica cada paciente es una situación inédita que requiere de todos los conocimientos, habilidades y experiencias, para satisfacer sus necesidades de salud particulares, especialmente en situaciones críticas. Se proponen los medios para protegerse del error médico, incluyendo las guías clínicas, la medicina basada en evidencias, el mantenimiento de la competencia profesional a través de capacitación y actualización continuas, la relación médico-paciente estrecha, el estudio clínico completo y los registros escrupulosos en el expediente clínico. Como consecuencia de los errores médicos, con frecuencia se da lugar a eventos adversos que representan daño para la salud del paciente, o eventos centinela, que pueden tener consecuencias graves para la salud, la integridad o la vida del paciente. Se hace énfasis en que los eventos adversos pueden presentarse sin que esté de por medio un error médico, sino por fallas en la estructura y en los sistemas, incluyendo...

At the present time, care the patients safety during across the process of health is a priority target and determine the urgent necessity, to guarantee the satisfaction of their health needs, on best conditions as possible as it is, without complications for adverse events occurring in the medical attention. This paper purpose definition of different concepts like medical error, medical criteria, adverse and sentinel event, in order to define these concepts. Also try to show the sequence of events for a correct or incorrect medical decision, the consequent mistake and the possibility to produce an adverse event, with patient's damage. An important goal is that the medical practice is immersing in a biological paradigm, define like unpredictable, suitable, reactive and creative; very different to the exact science that has a predictable and structured paradigm, supported in mathematical rules. In the medical practice, each patient is an inedited situation and required all the knowledge, skills and experience in order to satisfy specific health needs, particularly in critical moments. The way for protect from the occurrence of medical error include the clinical practices guidelines, evidence-based medicine, the maintenance of professional competences by the continuous training, the close medical-patient relationship, integral approach of the illness and scrupulous data at the clinical record. In consequence, very often medical errors produce adverse events with damage of patients, or sentinel events with serious consequences of health, integrity or patient's life. Is important to say that the adverse events could be appear even without a medical error, just for failures in structural and systems issues, including resources and it's maintaining, organizational variables, communication, human resources, training programs, process without standardization, failures an supervision or control phases. This paper shows current adverse and sentinel events, and...