ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the global economic burden of diseases due to needle stick injuries(NSIs), obtain relevant evidence,and prompt the relevant departments to pay attention to the precaution of NSIs.Methods Literatures about NSIs published from 1990 to May 2016 were searched from PubMed,ScienceDirect,EBSCO-host,Cochrane,CNKI,and Wanfang database.According to world bank inflation rate and currency rate in 2015, cost of needle stick injury in each study was adjusted to US dollars in December 2015,merge comparison analysis was performed.Results A total of 7 literatures were included,3 American studies and 4 studies from Sweden,Ko-rea,Belgium,and Taiwan Region of China respectively.Studies in mainland China only focused on the incidence of NSIs,studies about cost were not found.Two studies did not identify studied population,the remaining 5 studies were about all staff in the medical institutions.Cost analysis method:Of 7 literatures,3 were first-hand data analy-sis,4 were derived from the model.Scope of cost research:4 studies estimated the direct cost,2 calculated direct and indirect cost respectively,only 1 study estimated the summation of direct and indirect cost.The total cost per inj ury (direct cost + indirect cost)was $747-$2173,direct and indirect cost were $167-$617 and $322-$455 respectively.Conclusion Global economic burden of NSIs is heavy and still undervalued;NSIs occur frequently in China,but attention is inadequate,research on economic burden is lacking,relevant departments should pay atten-tion to the prevention and follow-up treatment process of NSIs.
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Objective To analyze the occurrence of sharp injuries among health care workers(HCWs),and put forward suggestions for safety management of sharp inj uries.Methods Recorded form of sharp inj uries reported in a hospital in August 2006-July 2015 were analyzed retrospectively,relevant data were analyzed statistically.Results A total of 211 sharp injuries occurred among HCWs were reported,sharp injuries mainly occurred among nurses(n=118,55.92%)and doctors(n=83,39.34%);117(55.45%)sharp injuries occurred in HCWS whose length of service was≤5 years;the main occurrence locations of sharp injuries were surgical ward(n=67,31.75%),internal medicine ward(n=65,30.81%),and outpatient as well as emergency departments(n=33,15.64%);the main de-vices causing sharp injuries were syringe needle(n=91,43.13%),suture needle(n=34,16.11%),and scalp nee-dle/transfusion needle(n=27,12.80%);the main injury-related manipulations were all types of injection(n=40, 18.95%),intravenous transfusion (n=38,18.00%),and surgical suturing/cutting (n=36,17.06%).The main opportunities of injuries was during manipulation(treatment,examination,operation,n=109,51.66%).Among bloodborne pathogens contaminated devices,contaminated by HBV,HCV,and HIV were 95 (76.61%),25 (20.16%),and 4 cases(3.23%)respectively.There was no bloodborne pathogen infection occurred.155(73.46%) of 211 HCWs were inoculated hepatitis B vaccine.Conclusion Prevention of sharp injuries should be focused on nurses and doctors who work for≤5 years,HCWs in surgical ward,internal medicine ward,and outpatient as well as emergency departments.Prevention of sharp inj uries during manipulations such as inj ection,intravenous transfu-sion,suturing/cutting should be intensified.Related hospital departments should improve the reporting process and intensify follow-up.
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Objective To analyze the characteristics of occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens during op-eration,and provide reference for making the prevention and control measures.Methods Occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens during operation in a tertiary first class hospital between June 2016 and January 2017 were surveyed,the survey included general information about health care workers(HCWs),modes of occupational expo-sure,exposure sources,types of sharp injuries,manipulation and so on.Results A total of 100 HCWs sustained occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens during the operation,64(64.00%)were nurses,followed by doctors (n=30,30.00%).The main mode of exposure were sharp injuries(n=88,88.00%)and ocular mucosa exposure (n=10,10.00%).The main diseases of exposure source were hepatitis B(n=36,36.00%)and syphilis(n=11, 11.00%).The main sharp device that caused sharp injuries was transfusion system needle(n=31,35.23%),fol-lowed by syringe needle (n=24,27.27%)and suture needle(n=14,15.91%).The main manipulation resulting of sharp injury was intraoperative manipulation (n=31,35.23%).Conclusion Training about occupational exposure should be strengthened among HCWs,it is necessary to improve the record and report process of occupational expo-sure,strictly require HCWs,especially nurses in accordance with the standard operating procedure during the oper-ation process,so as to reduce the occurrence of occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogen during operation.