Principais fatores que alteram a qualidade do sono e as consequências na vida de enfermeiros que atuam na unidade de terapia intensiva / Main factors that change the quality of sleep and the consequences in the lives of nurses who work in the intensive care unit / Principales factores que modifican la calidad del sueño y las consecuencias en la vida de los enfermeros que actúan en la unidad de cuidados intensivos

Objetivo: Analisar as evidências científicas dos principais fatores que alteram a qualidade do sono e as consequências na vida de enfermeiros que atuam na unidade de terapia intensiva. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura, realizado de dezembro de 2021 à maio de 2022. A busca efetuou-se, através da Plataforma BVS, SciELO e CAPES utilizando os descritores: sono, "trabalho em turnos", enfermagem e "unidades de terapia intensiva", combinados ao operador booleano "AND". Resultados: Existe uma relação muito próxima entre a exposição diária a fatores estressores relacionados ao ambiente desgastante e cansativo que é a UTI, a qualidade do sono dos enfermeiros que trabalham em turnos e as consequências na vida destes. Uma vez que o padrão do ciclo do sonovigília é alterado toda qualidade do sono sofre alterações irreparáveis influenciando diretamente com a qualidade de vida social e familiar trazendo prejuízo a saúde do trabalhador. Conclusão: Sendo assim um indicativo que os danos causados pela alteração do ciclo sono-vigília tanto são prejudicial à saúde psico-social do enfermeiro como a qualidade da assistência prestada por esse trabalhador aos pacientes que estão aos seus cuidados.

Objective: To analyze the scientific evidence of principais factors that alter the quality of sleep and the consequences in the lives of nurses working in the intensive care unit. Method: Integrative literature review, conducted from December 2021 to May 2022. The search was carried out, through the VHL, SciELO and CAPES Platform using the descriptors: sleep, "shift work", nursing and "intensive care units", combined with the Boolean operator "AND". Results: There is a very close relationship between daily exposure to stressors related to the exhausting and tiring environment that is the ICU, the quality of sleep of nurses working shifts and the consequences in their lives. Since the sleep-wake cycle pattern is altered all sleep quality undergoes irreparable changes directly influencing the social and family quality of life, harming the worker's health. Conclusion: Thus, it is indicative that the damage caused by the change in the sleep-wake cycle is both harmful to the psycho-social health of nurses and the quality of care provided by this worker to patients who are in their care.

Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia científica de los factores de principais que alteran la calidad del sueño y las consecuencias en la vida de las enfermeras que trabajan en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Método: Revisión integradora de la literatura, realizada desde diciembre de 2021 hasta mayo de 2022. La búsqueda se realizó, a través de la Plataforma BVS, SciELO y CAPES utilizando los descriptores: sueño, "trabajo por turnos", enfermería y "unidades de cuidados intensivos", combinados con el operador booleano "AND". Resultados: Existe una relación muy estrecha entre la exposición diaria a factores estresantes relacionados con el ambiente agotador y agotador que es la UCI, la calidad del sueño de las enfermeras que trabajan por turnos y las consecuencias en sus vidas. Dado que el patrón del ciclo sueño-vigilia se altera, toda la calidad del sueño sufre cambios irreparables que influyen directamente en la calidad de vida social y familiar, perjudicando la salud del trabajador. Conclusión: Por lo tanto, es indicativo de que el daño causado por el cambio en el ciclo sueño-vigilia es perjudicial tanto para la salud psicosocial de las enfermeras como para la calidad de la atención prestada por este trabajador a los pacientes que están a su cargo.

Repercussions of night shift work on nursing professionals' health and sleep quality / Repercusiones del trabajo nocturno en la calidad del sueño y la salud de profesionales de enfermería / Repercussões do trabalho noturno na qualidade do sono e saúde de trabalhadores de enfermagem

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the association between sleep quality, health symptoms and the physical, psychological and social effects of work in Nursing professionals working the night shift. Method: a cross-sectional study conducted with Nursing professionals working the night shift of a hospital institution. The instruments used were a socio-occupational and health symptoms questionnaire, the Assessment Scale for Work-Related Harms, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Data were collected between September 2017 and April 2018.The analysis was performed by means of descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: a total of 139 workers took part in the study and a statistical difference was identified between poor sleep quality and the female gender and physical illness variables and health symptoms such as appetite disorder, sensation of indigestion, flatulence, insomnia, difficulty concentrating, unhappiness, sensation of decreased self-esteem and mood lability. Conclusion: it was verified that Nursing professionals working the night shift experienced poor sleep quality, and that this relationship exerts an impact on physical, psychological and social health. Interventions targeted at raising awareness about sleep hygiene can promote better outcomes in these individuals' health.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la asociación entre la calidad del sueño, síntomas de salud y los efectos físicos, psicológicos y sociales del trabajo en profesionales de Enfermería que se desempeñaban en el turno nocturno. Método: estudio transversal, realizado con trabajadores de Enfermería que se desempeñaban en el turno nocturno de una institución hospitalaria. Se utilizaron los siguientes instrumentos: un cuestionario sociolaboral y de síntomas de salud, la Escala de Evaluación de los Daños Relacionados al Trabajo y el Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh. Los dados se recopilaron entre septiembre de 2017 y abril de 2018. El análisis se realizó por medio da estadística descriptiva y analítica. Resultados: se contó con la participación de 139 trabajadores y se identificó una diferencia estadística entre calidad de sueño deficiente y las variables sexo femenino y padecimiento físico, síntomas de salud como trastornos del apetito, sensación de indigestión, flatulencia, insomnio, dificultad para concentrarse, desdicha, sensación de disminución de la autoestima y labilidad en el estado de ánimo. Conclusión: se verificó que los trabajadores de Enfermería que se desempeñaban en el turno nocturno presentaron calidad de sueño deficiente, y esa relación afecta la salud física, psicológica y social. Intervenciones con el objetivo de generar conciencia sobre la higiene del sueño pueden promover mejores resultados en la salud de estas personas.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a associação entre a qualidade do sono, sintomas de saúde e os efeitos físicos, psicológicos e sociais do trabalho em trabalhadores de enfermagem que atuavam no turno noturno. Método: estudo transversal, realizado com trabalhadores de enfermagem que atuavam em instituição hospitalar no turno noturno. Utilizaram-se como instrumentos questionário sociolaboral e de sintomas de saúde, Escala de Avaliação dos Danos Relacionados ao Trabalho e o Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh. Os dados foram coletados entre setembro de 2017 e abril de 2018. A análise foi realizada por meio da estatística descritiva e analítica. Resultados: participaram 139 trabalhadores e identificou-se diferença estatística entre qualidade do sono ruim e as variáveis sexo feminino, adoecimento físico e sintomas de saúde como distúrbio de apetite, sensação de má digestão, flatulência, insônia, dificuldade de concentração, infelicidade, sensação de diminuição autoestima e labilidade de humor. Conclusão: constatou-se que os trabalhadores de enfermagem que atuavam no turno noturno experimentavam qualidade do sono ruim, e essa relação impacta na saúde física, psicológica e social. Intervenções visando à conscientização sobre a higiene do sono podem promover melhores resultados na saúde dessas pessoas.

Alteraciones metabólicas y circadianas en personal de enfermería de un hospital público del noroeste de México / Circadian and metabolic alterations among nursing personnel in a northeastern public hospital in Mexico / Alterações metabólicas e circadianas na equipe de enfermagem de um hospital público no noroeste do México

RESUMEN Introducción Las alteraciones metabólicas se vinculan a los ritmos biológicos, dado que es tos sistemas controlan aspectos fisiológicos como patrones de sueño/vigilia, temperatura corporal, presión arterial y liberación de hormonas endocrinas. Objetivo Identificar la relación entre los componentes del síndrome metabólico y disincro nía circadiana en personal de enfermería de un hospital público. Métodos Estudio correlacional. Muestra censal de 30 profesionales de enfermería de dos turnos. Para la recolección de datos se utilizaron tres cédulas: a) antecedentes biosociode mográficos y laborales; b) síndrome metabólico; c) ciclo circadiano. En el procesamiento de datos se utilizó pruebas Chi-cuadrada, R de Pearson y Rho de Spearman, se verificó el su puesto de normalidad con Shapiro-Wilk. Se contó con autorización del Comité de Ética de la institución de salud y con el consentimiento informado de participantes. Resultados 43.3 % del personal de enfermería cumplió con criterios diagnósticos de síndro me metabólico, 100 % del turno nocturno presentó disincronía circadiana con base en el indicador patrón de sueño. El consumo de alcohol y nivel alto de triglicéridos, mostraron relación positiva estadísticamente significativa con la presencia de insomnio (p ≤ 0.001; p ≤ 0.05). Conclusión El síndrome metabólico es un problema de salud con alta prevalencia entre el personal de enfermería, independientemente del nivel académico o del turno laboral. El peso y los triglicéridos fueron indicadores que mostraron relación con patrones de sueño afectados. Esto enfatiza la importancia de incidir en la prevención y tratamiento del sín drome metabólico como una prioridad en el personal de enfermería, desde la salud laboral.

ABSTRACT Introduction Metabolic alterations are linked to biologic rhythms because these cycles control physiologic patterns including sleep/awake, body temperature, blood pressure, and hormones release. Objective To identify the relationship between the metabolic syndrome components and the circadian alterations among nursing personnel in a public hospital in Mexico. Method This is a correlational study. The sample was constituted of 30 nursing professio nals working in 2 shifts. Data were collected using three registers: a) bio socio-demographic and labor-related backgrounds; b) metabolic syndrome; c) circadian cycle. Chi-square, Pearson's R, Spearman's Rho, and Shapiro-Wilk normality test were calculated. The study approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of the Health Institution. The corresponding informed consent was obtained from all participants. Results 43.3 % of the nursing personnel qualified for the metabolic syndrome diagnostic criteria. 100 % of the nurses working the night shift showed circadian alterations in terms of sleep patterns. Alcohol consumption and high levels of triglycerides were positively and significantly related to insomnia (p ≤ 0.001; p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion The metabolic syndrome is a health problem with a high prevalence in all kinds of nursing personnel. Bodyweight and triglyceride levels were indicators suggesting altered sleep patterns. This situation highlights the importance of designing and implementing strategies aimed at preventing and addressing metabolic syndrome among nursing person nel as a labor health priority.

RESUMO Introdução As alterações metabólicas estão ligadas aos ritmos biológicos, pois esses siste mas controlam aspectos fisiológicos como padrões de sono/vigília, temperatura corporal, pressão arterial e liberação de hormônios endócrinos. Objetivo Identificar a relação entre os componentes da síndrome metabólica e a dissincro nia circadiana na equipe de enfermagem de um hospital público. Métodos Estudo correlacional. Amostra censitária de 30 profissionais de enfermagem com dois turnos. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados três cartões: a) antecedentes biossociodemográficos e laborais; b) síndrome metabólica; c) ciclo circadiano. No processa mento dos dados foram utilizados os testes Qui-quadrado, R de Pearson e Rho de Spearman, a suposição de normalidade foi verificada com Shapiro-Wilk. Contou-se com a autorização do Comitê de Ética da instituição de saúde e o termo de consentimento informado dos participantes. Resultados 43.3 % da equipe de enfermagem atendeu aos critérios diagnósticos para sín drome metabólica, 100 % do plantão noturno apresentou dissincronia circadiana com base no indicador padrão de sono. O consumo de álcool e o nível elevado de triglicerídeos mos traram relação positiva estatisticamente significativa com a presença de insônia (p ≤ 0.001; p ≤ 0.05). Conclusão A síndrome metabólica é um problema de saúde de alta prevalência entre a equipe de enfermagem, independentemente do nível acadêmico ou turno de trabalho. O peso e os triglicerídeos foram indicadores que mostraram relação com os padrões de sono afetados. Isto ressalta a importância de influenciar a prevenção e o tratamento da síndrome metabólica como prioridade na equipe de enfermagem, desde a saúde do trabalhador.

Organization of the cephalic lateral-line canals in Electrophorus varii de Santana, Wosiacki, Crampton, Sabaj, Dillman, Mendes-Júnior & Castro e Castro, 2019 (Gymnotiformes: Gymnotidae)

Electrophorus spp. generate high-voltage electric discharges for defense and hunting, and low-voltage electric discharges (as other Gymnotiformes) for electrolocation and communication. Despite intense interest in the unusual electrogenic and electroreceptive capacities of electric eels, the other sensory systems of Electrophorus spp. are relatively poorly known. Here we describe the ontogenetic development and organization of the cephalic lateral-line canals in the lowland electric eel, Electrophorus varii. Preserved specimens of larvae, juveniles, and adults were examined to describe the spatial distribution of the canals and pores. Ontogenetic shifts of the cephalic lateral line formation were observed for each canal and support a hypothesis of non-synchronized development. The morphogenesis of cephalic canals in larvae and juveniles begins just before the onset of exogenous feeding. In adults, the cephalic sensory canals are formed separately from the skull and overlay cranial and mandibular bones and muscles. This study provides the first detailed description of the development and organization of the cephalic lateral-line system in Electrophorus varii.(AU)

Electrophorus spp. geram descargas elétricas de alta voltagem, usadas para defesa e caça, e (como os demais Gymnotiformes) descargas elétricas de baixa voltagem para eletrolocalização e comunicação. Apesar do grande interesse nas capacidades eletrogênicas e eletrorreceptivas incomuns dos poraquês, os outros sistemas sensoriais de Electrophorus spp. são relativamente pouco conhecidos. Aqui nós descrevemos o desenvolvimento ontogenético e a organização dos canais da linha lateral cefálica no poraquê da planície Electrophorus varii. Exemplares preservados de larvas, juvenis e adultos foram analisados para descrever a distribuição espacial dos canais e poros. Variações ontogenéticas na formação da linha lateral cefálica foram observadas para cada canal, apresentando um desenvolvimento não-sincronizado. Variações ontogenéticas da formação da linha lateral cefálica foram observadas para cada canal e suportam uma hipótese de desenvolvimento assincrônico. A morfogênese dos canais cefálicos em larvas e juvenis precede o início da alimentação exógena. Nos adultos, os canais sensoriais cefálicos se formam separadamente do crânio e sobrepõem os ossos e músculos cranianos e mandibulares. Este estudo fornece a primeira descrição detalhada do desenvolvimento e organização do sistema da linha lateral cefálica de Electrophorus varii.(AU)

Influencia de la herbivoría sobre la interacción alga-coral en un arrecife coralino de bahía Capurganá, Caribe colombiano

Introducción: Los arrecifes coralinos están entre los ecosistemas más importantes y valiosos del planeta. Sin embargo, en las últimas décadas han sufrido procesos de degradación, reduciendo su cobertura coralina y complejidad topográfica. La competencia alga-coral es un proceso ecológico importante en la dinámica de los arrecifes coralinos y estudiarla permite entender la resiliencia en estos sistemas. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto de la herbivoría sobre la competencia coral-alga bajo diferentes escenarios (empleando una combinación de enfoques descriptivos y experimentales) y dos épocas climáticas en Capurganá, Caribe colombiano (área de conservación marina, Hope Spot). Métodos: Entre julio 2018 y abril 2019, se evaluó el rol de la herbivoría, mediante un experimento de exclusión - no exclusión en 48 individuos coralinos bajo diferentes escenarios de interacción entre Siderastrea siderea y sus algas circundantes (tratamientos), la mitad de los corales juveniles se cubrieron con cajas metálicas de 2 400 cm2 fijas al bentos. Los tratamientos consistieron en: T1= Control, T2= Remoción de algas, T3= Daño coralino, T4= Juveniles en contacto con algas artificiales, T5= T2 + T3, T6= T2 + T4, T7= T3 + T4 y T8= T2 + T3 + T4. Resultados: Después de un muestreo total de nueve meses, se encontró diferencias entre escenarios con y sin exclusión (P= 0.006) y la época climática (P= 0.032), el crecimiento coralino fue mayor cuando las algas fueron removidas en presencia de herbívoros (DMS de Fisher, mean ± SE 9.871 ± 8.298) y la aparición de algas fue mayor dentro de las jaulas que fuera de ellas, mientras que el tratamiento de competencia no presentó interferencia en el crecimiento (P= 0.155). Los juveniles fueron colonizados por algas cuando su tejido fue dañado y sin herbívoros (mean ± SE 9.359 ± 3.901). Hubo diferencias en el crecimiento coralino entre épocas (época seca: Media 0.0029 ± SD 0.0243 cm2/día y época húmeda: Media 0.0022 ± SD 0.0161 cm2/día). Conclusiones: Los resultados indican que el crecimiento coralino depende de la presencia de herbívoros que regulan el crecimiento, reproducción y supervivencia de las algas; actualmente este proceso está siendo interrumpido como consecuencia de la sobrepesca en estos ecosistemas, por lo cual, es importante destacar que la reducción de la herbivoría resultó en un crecimiento más rápido de algas, demostrando la importancia crítica de la herbivoría para el resultado de la interacción competitiva. Sin embargo, algunas algas podrían ser benéficas para los juveniles coralinos cuando su abundancia es lo suficientemente grande para protegerlos de la depredación por peces y suficientemente pequeña para no reducir considerablemente su crecimiento. Estos procesos son decisivos en estos ecosistemas, particularmente en zonas donde éste es relevante desde una perspectiva ecológica, social, cultural y económica, lo cual hace que estos estudios sean importantes para la correcta implementación de manejo integrado en zonas arrecifales ayudando a la recuperación, protección y conservación del arrecife, y promoviendo la disminución de la pesca de herbívoros.

Introduction: Coral reefs are among the most important and valuable ecosystems on the world. However, in recent decades they have been under siege by degradation processes reducing their coral cover and topographic complexity. The coral-algae competition is an important ecological process in the dynamics of coral reefs thus studying is pivotal for understanding the resilience in these systems. Objective: To determine the effect of herbivory on coral-algae competition under different scenarios (using a combination of descriptive and experimental approaches) and two climatic seasons in Capurganá Bay, Colombian Caribbean, in a marine conservation area (Hope Spot). Methods: Between July 2018 and April 2019, the role of herbivory was evaluated, performing an exclusion - no exclusion experiment in 48 coral individuals under different scenarios of interaction between Siderastrea siderea and its surrounding algae (treatments), half of the juvenile corals were covered with 2 400 cm2 metal boxes fixed to the benthos. The treatments consisted of : T1= No manipulation (control), T2= Algae removal, T3= Coral damage, T4= Juveniles in contact with artificial algae, T5= T2 + T3, T6= T2 + T4, T7= T3 + T4 and T8= T2 + T3 + T4. Results: After nine months of experiments, differences were found between with and without exclusion (P= 0.006) and the climatic season (P= 0.032), it was found that coral growth was higher when algae were removed in the presence of herbivores (Fisher's LSD, mean ± SE 9.871 ± 8.298) and the appearance of algae was greater inside the cages than outside them, while the competitive treatment did not show growth interference (P= 0.155). Algae colonized juveniles when their tissue was damaged and herbivory was excluded (mean ± SE 9.359 ± 3.901). There were differences in coral growth between seasons, being higher in the dry season (Average 0.0029 ± SD 0.0243 cm2/day) than in the wet season (Average 0.0022 ± SD 0.0161 cm2/day). Conclusions: The coral growth depended on the presence of herbivores that regulate the growth, reproduction, and survival of algae; currently, this process is being interrupted as a result of overfishing in the reef ecosystems. However, some algae could be beneficial for juvenile corals when their abundance is large enough to protect them from fish predation and small enough not to significantly reduce their growth. These processes are decisive in these ecosystems, particularly in areas where it is relevant from an ecological, social, cultural and economic point of view, which makes these studies important for the correct implementation of integrated management in reef areas helping recovery, protection, and conservation of the reef promoting the decrease of herbivore fishing.

Feeding habits of the cockfish, Callorhinchus callorynchus (Holocephali: Callorhinchidae) from off northern Argentina

The feeding habits of Callorhinchus callorynchus were investigated in coastal waters off northern Argentina. The effect of body size, seasons and regions was evaluated on female diet composition using a multiple-hypothesis modelling approach. Callorhinchus callorynchus fed mainly on bivalves (55.61% PSIRI), followed by brachyuran crabs (10.62% PSIRI) and isopods (10.13% PSIRI). Callorhinchus callorynchus females showed changes in the diet composition with increasing body size and also between seasons and regions. Further, this species is able to consume larger bivalves as it grows. Trophic level was 3.15, characterizing it as a secondary consumer. We conclude that C. callorynchus showed a behavior of crushing hard prey, mainly on bivalves, brachyuran, gastropods and anomuran crabs. Females of this species shift their diet with increasing body size and in response to seasonal and regional changes in prey abundance or distribution.(AU)

RESUMEN Los hábitos alimentarios de Callorhinchus callorynchus fueron investigados en las aguas costeras del norte de Argentina. Se evaluó el efecto del tamaño del cuerpo, la temporada y la región sobre la composición de la dieta de las hembras mediante un enfoque de modelado de múltiples hipótesis. Callorhinchus callorynchus se alimentó principalmente de bivalvos (55,61% PSIRI), seguido de cangrejos brachyuras (10,62% PSIRI) y de isópodos (10,13% PSIRI). Las hembras de C. callorynchus presentaron cambios en la dieta con incremento del tamaño del cuerpo, la temporada y la región. Además, esta especie es capaz de consumir bivalvos de mayor tamaño a medida que incrementa el tamaño del cuerpo. El nivel trófico fue calculado en 3,15, caracterizando a esta especie como un consumidor secundario. Concluimos que C. callorynchus presentó un comportamiento de triturador de presas duras, principalmente bivalvos, cangrejos y gasterópodos. Las hembras de esta especie cambian su dieta con el incremento del tamaño del cuerpo y en respuesta a cambios temporales y regionales en la abundancia y distribución de sus presas.(AU)

Simulation-based Education on Ward-cover Night Shifts / 医学教育

In recent years, hospitals have decreased the amount of night shift work done by junior residents to reduce overtime. We conducted simulation-based education on the theme of ward-cover night shifts to compensate for decreased clinical experiences. Two scenarios were created based on actual clinical cases, and each group of participants and facilitators experienced the cases with simulated patients. Review time was held after each scenario, and important points in each scenario were explained after finishing all simulations. Participants were highly satisfied with the new night shift call-oriented simulation, which fulfilled the resident’s need for practical education. Providing opportunities for reflection and conceptualization contributed to effective acquisition of clinical knowledges. Further study to assess the usefulness of simulation-based education using objective assessments is required.

La payana y otros juegos de destreza en los niños y sus padres / Jacks and other dexterity games in children and their parents

Los juegos tradicionales se han modificado con el desarrollo de la tecnología. Se analizaron los juegos de destreza en general y la payana en particular que practicaban los niños y sus padres. Se realizó una encuesta a niños de 5 a 12 años y a sus familias. Se completaron 109 encuestas; el 91,7 % de los padres refirió haber jugado payana y el 4,6 % de sus hijos jugaba también (p < 0,00001). Las niñas jugaban menos que sus madres al elástico y a la ronda, pero más al fútbol. Los niños jugaban menos a la ronda que sus padres. El 28,4 % de los padres no solía jugar ningún juego de destreza con sus hijos.En conclusión, la payana, el elástico y la ronda han disminuido y las niñas juegan más al fútbol que sus madres. Los padres suelen jugar pocos juegos de destreza con sus hijos.

Traditional games have changed with the development of technology. We analyzed dexterity games played by children and their parents in general, and jacks in particular. A survey was administered to children aged 5-12 years and their families. A total of 109 surveys were completed; 91.7 % of parents referred that they had played jacks and that 4.6 % of their children also played it (p < 0.00001). Girls played Chinese jump rope and ring-a ring-a roses less often than their mothers, but football more often. Boys played ring-a ring-a roses less often than their fathers. Besides, 28.4 % of parents did not play any dexterity game with their children.To conclude, jacks, Chinese jump rope, and ring-a ring-a roses are now less common; and girls play football more often than their mothers. Parents do not usually play dexterity games with their children.

Qualidade de vida e sono de enfermeiros nos turnos hospitalares / Calidad de vida y sueño de enfermeros en los turnos hospitalarios / Quality of Life and Sleep of Nurses in Hospital Shifts

RESUMO Introdução: As atividades de enfermagem no cotidiano hospitalar envolvem horários em turnos. Sendo assim, o conflito na sincronização dos ritmos biológicos, tem implicações diretas no ciclo vigília/sono. Os horários irregulares dos turnos pode conflitar-se com os ritmos biológicos e com os hábitos sociais para convivência com familiares e amigos, assim como originar prejuízos para a saúde e a qualidade de vida social dos trabalhadores. Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade de vida e a qualidade do sono dos enfermeiros nos turnos hospitalares. Métodos: Estudo de natureza quantitativa, de corte transversal, descritivo e analítico. Participaram 104 enfermeiros de um Hospital Universitário. Os dados foram coletados de janeiro a setembro de 2015, por meio dos seguintes instrumentos: Questionário de Informações Pessoais e Profissionais, Índice de qualidade de sono de Pittsburgh e Questionário de WHOQOL-Bref. Resultados: Em todos os índices de qualidade do sono, os dados mostraram percepção melhor para trabalhadores do diurno quando comparados aos do noturno. A qualidade de vida em todos os domínios para o grupo diurno foi melhor que aqueles que trabalhavam no noturno (p=0,024). Conclusão: Os enfermeiros que trabalhavam no diurno apresentaram qualidade de sono e de vida melhor que os profissionais que atuavam no noturno. É necessário que os dados fornecidos na pesquisa levem aos gestores hospitalares a notar a necessidade de bem-estar dos enfermeiros em relação ao trabalho em turnos e à jornada do serviço, para que prestem um atendimento de qualidade(AU)

RESUMEN Introducción: Las actividades cotidianas de enfermería en el hospital involucran horas diurnas y nocturnas, generando conflicto en la sincronización de los ritmos biológicos, lo que tiene implicaciones directas en el ciclo vigilia / sueño. Los horarios irregulares de los turnos pueden chocar con los ritmos biológicos, los hábitos sociales, horarios para la convivencia con familiares y amigos, así como originar perjuicios para la salud y la calidad de vida social de los trabajadores. Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de vida y la calidad del sueño de los enfermeros en los turnos hospitalarios. Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo de corte transversal. Participaron 104 enfermeros de un Hospital Universitario. Los datos fueron recolectados de enero a septiembre de 2015, por medio de los instrumentos: Cuestionario de Información Personal y Profesional, Índice de calidad de sueño de Pittsburgh y Cuestionario de WHOQOL-Bref. Resultados: En todos los índices de calidad del sueño, los datos mostraron mejor percepción para el grupo de los trabajadores del diurno comparados con los del nocturno. La calidad de vida fue mejor en todos los dominios para el grupo diurno que aquellos que trabajaban en el nocturno (p = 0,024). Conclusión: Los enfermeros que trabajaban en el diurno presentaron calidad de sueño y de vida mejor que los que actuaban en el nocturno. Es necesario que los datos proporcionados en la investigación lleven a los gestores hospitalarios a notar la necesidad de bienestar de los enfermeros en relación al trabajo en turnos, para que presten una atención de calidad a los pacientes(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: The daily nursing activities in the hospital involve day and night hours, which generates conflicts in the synchronization of biological rhythms and has direct implications in the wake-sleep cycle. The irregular schedules of the shifts may coincide with the biological rhythms, social habits, schedules for living with family and friends, as well as the can cause damage to the health and quality of social life of workers. Objective: To evaluate the quality of life and the quality of sleep of nurses in hospital shifts. Methods: Quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study. 104 nurses from a university hospital participated. The data were collected from January to September 2015, through the following instruments: personal and professional information questionnaire, Pittsburgh sleep quality index and WHOQOL-Bref questionnaire. Results: In all sleep quality indexes, the data showed better perception for the group of daytime shift workers compared with those of the nighttime shift. The quality of life was better in all domains for the daytime group than those who worked at night (p=0.024). Conclusion: The nurses who worked in the daytime shift had a better quality of sleep and life than those who worked at night(AU)

Shade tolerance within the context of the successional process in tropical rain forests

Shade tolerance (the capacity to survive and grow over long periods under shade) is a key component of plant fitness and the foundation of current theories of forest succession in tropical rain forests. It serves as a paradigm to understand the optimal allocation of limited resources under dynamic light regimes. I analyze how tropical rain forest succession influences the expression of ecophysiological mechanisms leading to shade tolerance, and identify future areas that will increase our understanding of the ecological and evolutionary consequences of this phenomenon. Shade tolerance is a multivariate, continuous functional trait reflecting the growth-mortality trade-off of investing resources under limited light vs. exploiting high light conditions. I propose the life cycle successional trajectory model of Gómez-Pompa & Vázquez-Yanes as an integrative tool to understand tropical rain forest succession. This model shows how species distribute along the successional environmental gradient based on their degree of shade tolerance and represents a more integrative paradigm to understand the interface between different aspects of species diversity (ontogenetic variation and functional diversity) throughout succession. It proposes that different trait combinations determining shade tolerance are expressed at different stages of the life cycle, which affects how and when plants enter the successional trajectory. Models explaining the expression of shade tolerance (resource availability, carbon gain, CSR, resource competition) are based on whole-plant economics and are not mutually exclusive. The analysis of shade tolerance is biased towards tree seedlings in the understory of mature forests. Other life stages (juvenile and adult trees), life forms, and microhabitats throughout the forest profile are almost always excluded from these analyses. More integrative explanations based on the distribution of functional traits among species, ontogenetic stages, and the nature of the environmental gradient are being developed based on long-term data and chronosequence comparisons. In summary, shade-tolerance is a complex phenomenon, is determined by multiple characters that change ontogenetically over space and time and entails considerable plasticity. Current methods do not account for this plasticity. Understanding the nature of shade tolerance and its functional basis is critical to comprehending plant performance and improving the management, restoration and conservation of tropical rain forests given the combined threats of global warming and habitat loss.

La tolerancia a la sombra (la capacidad de sobrevivir y crecer durante largos períodos bajo sombra profunda) es un componente clave del valor adaptativo de la planta y la base de las teorías actuales de la sucesión forestal de la selva tropical. Sirve como un paradigma para entender la asignación óptima de recursos limitados bajo regímenes dinámicos de luz. En esta revisión analizo cómo la sucesión de los bosques tropicales lluviosos influye en la expresión de los mecanismos ecofisiológicos que conducen a la tolerancia a la sombra, e identifico áreas futuras que pueden aumentar nuestra comprensión de las consecuencias ecológicas y evolutivas de este fenómeno. La tolerancia a la sombra es un rasgo funcional continuo y multivariable que refleja el balance de invertir recursos bajo condiciones de luz limitada versus crecer más rápidamente en condiciones de luz intensa. Propongo el modelo de ciclo de vida a lo largo de la trayectoria de sucesión de Gómez-Pompa y Vázquez-Yanes como una herramienta integradora para entender la sucesión de la selva tropical. Este modelo muestra cómo las especies se distribuyen a lo largo del gradiente ambiental en función de su grado de tolerancia a la sombra, y representa un paradigma más integrador para comprender la interacción entre los diferentes componentes de la diversidad de especies (diversidad taxonómica y funcional y variación ontogenética) a lo largo de la sucesión. El modelo propone que las diferentes combinaciones de caracteres funcionales que determinan la tolerancia a la sombra se expresan en diferentes etapas del ciclo de vida, y afectan cómo y cuándo las plantas ingresan en el proceso de sucesión. Los modelos que explican la expresión de tolerancia a la sombra (disponibilidad de recursos, ganancia de carbono, CSR, competencia de recursos) se basan en la economía de toda la planta y no son mutuamente excluyentes. Se están desarrollando explicaciones más integradoras basadas en la distribución de caracteres funcionales entre especies, etapas ontogenéticas, y micrositios, mediante el uso de estudios de cronosecuencia y metadatos colectados a largo plazo. El análisis de la tolerancia a la sombra está sesgado hacia las plántulas de árboles y el sotobosque. Otras formas de vida y microhábitats dentro del perfil del bosque están casi excluidas de estos análisis. En resumen, la tolerancia a la sombra es un fenómeno complejo, está determinada por múltiples caracteres funcionales que cambian ontogenéticamente en el espacio y el tiempo, e implica una considerable plasticidad. Los métodos actuales no toman en cuenta esta plasticidad. Comprender la naturaleza de la tolerancia a la sombra y su base funcional es fundamental para entender el crecimiento de la planta y mejorar la gestión, restauración, y conservación de los bosques tropicales, los cuales enfrentan las amenazas combinadas del calentamiento global y la pérdida de hábitat.

Variation in the isotopic composition of striped weakfish Cynoscion guatucupa of the Southwest Atlantic Ocean in response to dietary shifts / Variação na composição isotópica do Cynoscion guatucupa no Oceano Atlântico Sul

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the isotopic composition in muscle of striped weakfish Cynoscion guatucupa from Southwest Atlantic Ocean in order to evaluate a possible variation in δ13C and δ15N in response to dietary shifts that occur as animals grow. We also explored for isotopic evidence of differences between sample locations. The results showed an agreement between isotope analysis and previous conventional studies. Differences in the isotope composition between sampling location were not observed. A positive relation exists between isotope values and total body length of the animals. The Cluster analysis defined three groups of size classes, validated by the MDS. Differences in the relative consumption of prey species in each size class were also observed performing isotope mixing models (SIAR). Variation in δ15N among size classes would be associated with the consumption of a different type of prey as animals grow. Small striped weakfish feed on small crustaceans and progressively increase their consumption of fish (anchovy, Engraulis anchoita), increasing by this way their isotope values. On the other hand, differences in δ13C values seemed to be related to age-class specific spatial distribution patterns. Therefore, large and small striped weakfish remain specialized but feeding on different prey at different trophic levels. These results contribute to the study of the diet of striped weakfish, improve the isotopic ecology models and highlight on the importance of accounting for variation in the isotopic composition in response to dietary shifts with the size of one of the most important fishery resources in the region.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a composição isotópica no músculo de Cynoscion guatucupa no Oceano Atlântico Sul Ocidental, a fim de avaliar uma possível variação de δ13C e δ15N como resposta às mudanças ontogenéticas na dieta. Foram também exploradas evidências isotópicas de diferenças entre os locais de amostragem. Os resultados mostraram uma concordância entre a análise de isótopos e os estudos convencionais prévios. Diferenças na composição isotópica entre locais de amostragem não foram observadas. Uma relação positiva existe entre valores isotópicos e comprimento total dos animais. A análise de cluster definiu três grupos de classes de tamanho, validados pelo MDS. Foram também observadas, através de modelos isotópicos mistos (SIAR), diferenças no consumo relativo de espécies de presas para cada classe de tamanho. Variações em δ15N entre as classes de tamanho estariam associadas ao consumo de diferentes tipos de presas ao longo do crescimento dos animais. Indivíduos pequenos alimentam-se de pequenos crustáceos e progressivamente aumentam seu consumo de peixes (Engraulis anchoita), aumentando assim os seus valores isotópicos. Por outro lado, as diferenças nos valores de δ13C parecem estar relacionadas com variações no padrão de distribuição espacial específico de cada classe idade. Desta maneira, tanto C. guatucupa grandes como pequenos permanecem especializados, porém alimentando-se de presas diferentes, em diferentes níveis tróficos e em diferentes áreas. Estes resultados contribuem para o estudo da dieta de C. guatucupa, melhoram os modelos de ecologia isotópica e ressaltam a importância de se considerar a variação na composição isotópica na resposta às mudanças de dieta relacionadas ao tamanho de um dos principais recursos pesqueiros da região.

Molecular characterisation and phylogenetic analysis of dengue outbreak in Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India

Background and Objectives: Dengue is one of the most prevalent arboviral diseases in the world with 390 million dengue infections per year. In this study, we report the molecular characterisation of dengue outbreak in Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India during 2015. Subjects and Methods: A total of 613 dengue-suspected cases were screened for dengue virus by dengue NS1 Ag and anti-dengue IgM antibody depending on the duration of sample collection and onset of symptom. Further, molecular characterisation was done by amplifying the C-PrM region by real-time polymerase chain reaction followed by phylogenetic analysis. Results: Molecular characterisation revealed that the dengue outbreak was predominantly due to dengue virus serotype-1 (DENV-1) (90.9%) while DENV-2 was detected in 7.5% of samples. Co-infection of DENV-1 and DENV-2 was detected in one case. Phylogenetic analysis of the DENV-1 strains with the prototype revealed that the DENV-1 strains were grouped within genotype III. Similarly, DENV-2 strains were clustered within genotype IV. The study revealed a change in the predominant serotype in recent years with DENV-3 in 2012 to DENV-1, 2, 3 and 4 in 2014 to DENV-1 in 2015 in the study region. A unique L24M mutation was observed in the DENV-1 strains of Arunachal Pradesh which was absent in all the circulating strains in India except one strain from the state of Kerala in South India. Marked variation within the DENV-2 strains was observed at A102V and I163V in one strain similar to earlier circulating isolates in India. Conclusions: The present study reveals a shift in the serotype dominance in the study region. As serotype shifts and secondary infection with a heterologous DENV serotype are frequently associated with disease severity, there is an urgent need for sustained monitoring of the circulating serotypes and enhanced surveillance operations, especially in the monsoon and post-monsoon periods to prevent large-scale, severe dengue outbreaks in this region.

Field Study of Effects of Night Shifts on Cognitive Performance, Salivary Melatonin, and Sleep

BACKGROUND: Night shift work is associated with many problems such as sleep deprivation, sleepiness, decreased cognitive performance, increased human errors, and fatigue. This study set out to measure cognitive performance, melatonin rhythms, and sleep after different consecutive night shifts (7 vs. 4) among control room operators (CORs). METHODS: The participants included 60 CORs with a mean age of 30.2 years (standard deviation, 2.0) from a petrochemical complex located in Southern Iran. Cognitive performance was assessed using the n-back task and continuous performance test. To evaluate melatonin, saliva was collected and tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To assess sleep and sleepiness, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Karolinska Sleepiness Scale were used, respectively. RESULTS: Individuals who worked 7 consecutive night shifts had a significantly better cognitive performance and sleep quality than those who worked 4 consecutive night shifts. However, salivary melatonin profile and sleepiness trend were not affected by shift type. CONCLUSION: The main duty of CORs working night shifts at the studied industry included managing safety-critical processes through complex displays; a responsibility that demands good cognitive performance and alertness. It is suggested that an appropriate number of consecutive night shifts in a rotating shift system should be planned with the ultimate aim of improving CROs performance/alertness and enhancing safety.

Influencia de la carga organizacional y trastornos del sueño en la accidentabilidad de conductores de camiones / Influence of both the organizational burden and sleep disorders in accident rates of truck drivers

RESUMEN Con el objetivo de determinar la influencia de los niveles de estrés, trastornos del sueño y carga organizacional en la accidentabilidad de conductores que trabajan en diferentes sistemas de turnos se realizó un estudio en una empresa de transporte forestal. Las variables estudiadas fueron: estrés, trastornos del sueño (insomnio, somnolencia, apnea del sueño y síndrome de piernas inquietas), factores de riesgo psicosocial, impacto de los turnos y accidentabilidad. Como resultado se determinó que el turno rotativo presentó mayor cantidad de conductores con presencia de trastornos del sueño que el turno diurno. La evaluación de riesgos psicosociales clasificó al turno diurno con riesgo alto nivel 1 y al turno rotativo sin riesgo. A modo de conclusión se determinó que existe relación entre accidentabilidad y las variables evaluadas, presentándose correlaciones significativas para el turno diurno, entre accidentabilidad, estrés y apoyo social; en cambio, el turno rotativo, presentó una correlación significativa entre accidentabilidad y compensaciones.

ABSTRACT A study was conducted in a transport company, in order to deter mine the influence of organizational burden and sleep disorders in both rotating shift and daytime shifts of truck drivers. The studied variables were: stress, sleep disorders (insomnia, drowsiness, sleep apnea and restless leg syndrome), psychosocial risk factors, impact of working shifts and accidents. It found more frequency of drivers with sleep disorder in rotating shift than daytime shift. The daytime shift was describe as high psychosocial risk, level 1, and rotating shift was describe as without risk according to the same evaluation. The psychosocial risk of daytime shift was evaluated as high risk, level 1, and rotating shift was described as without risk. A relation ship among accident rates and the studied variables was determined. The daytime shift showed significant correlations among variables such as accident rates, stress and social support; in the other hand, the correlation among accident rates and compensation was signifi cant to the rotating shift.

Variation in the isotopic composition of striped weakfish Cynoscion guatucupa of the Southwest Atlantic Ocean in response to dietary shifts

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the isotopic composition in muscle of striped weakfish Cynoscion guatucupa from Southwest Atlantic Ocean in order to evaluate a possible variation in 13C and 15N in response to dietary shifts that occur as animals grow. We also explored for isotopic evidence of differences between sample locations. The results showed an agreement between isotope analysis and previous conventional studies. Differences in the isotope composition between sampling location were not observed. A positive relation exists between isotope values and total body length of the animals. The Cluster analysis defined three groups of size classes, validated by the MDS. Differences in the relative consumption of prey species in each size class were also observed performing isotope mixing models (SIAR). Variation in 15N among size classes would be associated with the consumption of a different type of prey as animals grow. Small striped weakfish feed on small crustaceans and progressively increase their consumption of fish (anchovy, Engraulis anchoita), increasing by this way their isotope values. On the other hand, differences in 13C values seemed to be related to age-class specific spatial distribution patterns. Therefore, large and small striped weakfish remain specialized but feeding on different prey at different trophic levels. These results contribute to the study of the diet of striped weakfish, improve the isotopic ecology models and highlight on the importance of accounting for variation in the isotopic composition in response to dietary shifts with the size of one of the most important fishery resources in the region.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a composição isotópica no músculo de Cynoscion guatucupa no Oceano Atlântico Sul Ocidental, a fim de avaliar uma possível variação de 13C e 15N como resposta às mudanças ontogenéticas na dieta. Foram também exploradas evidências isotópicas de diferenças entre os locais de amostragem. Os resultados mostraram uma concordância entre a análise de isótopos e os estudos convencionais prévios. Diferenças na composição isotópica entre locais de amostragem não foram observadas. Uma relação positiva existe entre valores isotópicos e comprimento total dos animais. A análise de cluster definiu três grupos de classes de tamanho, validados pelo MDS. Foram também observadas, através de modelos isotópicos mistos (SIAR), diferenças no consumo relativo de espécies de presas para cada classe de tamanho. Variações em 15N entre as classes de tamanho estariam associadas ao consumo de diferentes tipos de presas ao longo do crescimento dos animais. Indivíduos pequenos alimentam-se de pequenos crustáceos e progressivamente aumentam seu consumo de peixes (Engraulis anchoita), aumentando assim os seus valores isotópicos. Por outro lado, as diferenças nos valores de 13C parecem estar relacionadas com variações no padrão de distribuição espacial específico de cada classe idade. Desta maneira, tanto C. guatucupa grandes como pequenos permanecem especializados, porém alimentando-se de presas diferentes, em diferentes níveis tróficos e em diferentes áreas. Estes resultados contribuem para o estudo da dieta de C. guatucupa, melhoram os modelos de ecologia isotópica e ressaltam a importância de se considerar a variação na composição isotópica na resposta às mudanças de dieta relacionadas ao tamanho de um dos principais recursos pesqueiros da região.

Shifts in Kimchi Consumption between 2005 and 2015 by Region and Income Level in the Korean Population: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005, 2015) / 대한지역사회영양학회지

OBJECTIVES: The importance of kimchi as a traditional food in Korean cuisine has gradually decreased due to rapid industrialization, economic growth and changes in dietary patterns in Korea. This study aimed to examine the shifts in kimchi consumption by region and by income level between 2005 and 2015 in Korea. METHODS: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys III (2005) and VI (2015) were used in the study (n=15,558). Intake of kimchi was estimated using a single 24-hour dietary recall. The sample weights were applied in all analyses to reflect population estimates. All statistical analyses were carried out by using SPSS IBM Statistics 20. RESULTS: Kimchi intake has significantly decreased by 27.6 g/day per capita during the last decade in Korea; 25.0 g for males and 29.9 g for females, respectively. Over the past decade, the decline of kimchi intake has been particularly significant in Seoul, Busan, Incheon, Gyeonggi, and Gwangju, while there has been no significant change in males living in rural areas. The consumption of kimchi across all income levels has decreased, however, the decrease was higher in ‘middle and low income level’. The amount of kimchi consumption in 2015 was the highest in ‘low income level’. The results were similar after adjusting for gender and age. CONCLUSIONS: For the past decade, the overall intake of kimchi in Korea has decreased, however, it has been found that the decrease of kimchi intake for males living in the rural areas was not significant. Therefore, in order to keep our traditional kimchi culture and promote a balanced diet including kimchi for Korean, it is necessary to develop more efficient policies and approaches. A variety of dishes using kimchi should be developed, besides merely serving kimchi with rice as a side dish, to increase the consumption of kimchi.

Shift work and work- related stress symptoms in health care workers in a tertiary hospital in Medellín, Colombia: A cross-sectional study / Síntomas de estrés laboral y trabajo por turnos en trabajadores de la salud en una institución de tercer nivel en Medellín, Colombia: un estudio transversal

Abstract Background: Shift work is a very common characteristic in healthcare and has been associated with work-related stress. Objective: This study aimed to research about the relationship between current shift work and work-related stress symptoms presented in healthcare workers in a clinical setting in Medellin, Colombia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to July in 2014. A total of 50.5 % of participants performed their work activities in rotating shifts and 49.5% worked only during the day. Most of the professionals who participated in the survey were nurses and administrative staff. Participants completed demographic, occupational and lifestyle questionnaire, and a self-reported work-related stress symptoms instrument. Results: The study sample consisted of 160 (80%) females and 40 (20%) males. The average age was 35.1 ± 9.1. Generally, no significant differences were found in relation to psychological and emotional symptoms of social, intellectual and occupational behavior in shift workers compared to daytime workers. In a stratified analysis, among the nurses and nursing assistants group, those engaging in shift work reported significantly lower/fewer physiological symptoms and higher/more intense psycho emotional symptoms than the daytime workers (p=0.030 and p=0.047 respectively). Conclusions: In the stratified analysis, this cross-sectional study found a difference in work-related stress between daytime workers and shift workers in regards to nurses and nursing assistants. It was noticed that nurses and nursing assistants engaging in shift work reported higher psycho emotional and lower physiological stress symptoms compared to their daytime working counterparts. Probably, this corresponds to the numerous job demands during shift working or the different coping mechanisms.

Resumen Antecedentes: El trabajo por turnos es una característica muy común en la asistencia sanitaria y se ha asociado con el estrés relacionado con el trabajo. Objetivo: En este estudio, se investigó la relación entre el trabajo por turnos actual y los síntomas de estrés relacionados con el trabajo entre los trabajadores de la salud de un entorno clínico en Medellín, Colombia. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal entre enero y julio de 2014. Un total de 50,5% de los participantes llevaban a cabo sus actividades de trabajo en turnos rotativos y 49,5% trabajaban sólo durante el día. La mayoría de los profesionales que completaron la encuesta eran enfermeras y personal administrativo. Los participantes completaron información demográfica ocupacional y acerca de su estilo de vida, y un instrumento de auto-reporte sobre síntomas de estrés relacionado con el trabajo. Resultados: La muestra del estudio consistió de 160 (80%) mujeres y 40 (20%) hombres. La edad media era de 35,1 ± 9,1. En general, no se observaron diferencias significativas en los síntomas emocionales, fisiológicos, de comportamiento social, intelectual y ocupacionales en los trabajadores por turnos en comparación con los trabajadores diurnos. En un análisis estratificado, en el grupo de enfermeras y auxiliares de enfermería, quienes realizaban trabajo por turnos se observaron significativamente menores síntomas fisiológicos y emocionales y mayores síntomas psicoemocionales que los trabajadores de día (p = 0,030 y p = 0,047, respectivamente). Conclusiones: Este estudio transversal encontró una diferencia en el estrés relacionado con el trabajo entre los trabajadores por turnos y los trabajadores diurnos en el análisis estratificado y sólo para enfermeras y auxiliares de enfermería. Se observó que las enfermeras y auxiliares de enfermería que participan en el trabajo por turnos informaron de síntomas de estrés psicoemocionales más elevados mientras que los síntomas fisiológicos fueron más bajos en comparación con sus homólogos que laboraban durante el día. Esto podría ser debido a las diferentes demandas del trabajo entre los turnos o los diferentes mecanismos de afrontamiento.

Sleep, quality of life and mood of nursing professionals of pediatric intensive care units / Sueño, calidad de vida y humor en profesionales de enfermería en unidades de cuidados intensivos infantiles / Sono, qualidade de vida e humor em profissionais de enfermagem em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Infantil

Abstract OBJECTIVE To assess sleep, quality of life and mood of nursing professionals of pediatric intensive care units. METHOD Quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive study. Professionals grouped by morning, afternoon and evening shifts were assessed by means of the instruments: Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; Epworth Sleepiness Scale; Generic questionnaire for the assessment of quality of life (SF-36); Beck Depression Inventory; Beck Anxiety Inventory; State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. RESULTS Sample consisted of 168 professionals, with prevalence of neutral typology (57.49%). There was no statistical significance regarding sleep, despite scores showing a poor quality of sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness for the three shifts. Quality of life did not reveal any statistical significance, but in the field "social role functioning" of the evening shift, a lower score was observed (p<0.007). There was no statistical significance regarding levels of anxiety and depression. CONCLUSION The results suggest that these professionals may present sleeping problems, but they do not have lower scores of quality of life or mood disorders. Likely explanations for these findings may include an adaptation to their work type over time and the fact that working with children is rewarding.

Resumen OBJETIVO Evaluar el sueño, la calidad de vida y el humor en profesionales de enfermería en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Infantiles. MÉTODO Estudio cuantitativo, transversal y descriptivo. Profesionales agrupados por turno matutino, vespertino y nocturno fueron evaluados por los instrumentos: Cuestionario de identificación Matutinidad-Vespertinidad; Índice de calidad del sueño de Pittsburgh; Escala de somnolencia de Epworth; Cuestionario genérico de evaluación de calidad de vida - SF-36; Inventario de depresión de Beck; Inventario de ansiedad de Beck; Inventario de ansiedad Trazo-Estado. RESULTADOS Muestra compuesta de 168 profesionales, predominando la tipología neutra en el 57,49%. No hubo significación estadística en cuanto al sueño, pese a que los puntajes muestren mala calidad y somnolencia diurna excesiva para los tres turnos. La calidad de vida no denotó diferencia estadística, pero en el dominio "aspecto social" del turno nocturno, se observó puntaje peor (p<0,007). No hubo significación estadística en los niveles de ansiedad y depresión. CONCLUSIÓN Los resultados sugieren que esos profesionales pueden presentar problemas en el sueño, sin embargo no presentan puntajes más bajos de calidad de vida o trastornos del humor. Posibles explicaciones para dichos hallazgos son que exista una adaptación al régimen laboral a lo largo del tiempo y que trabajar con niños sea recompensador.

Resumo OBJETIVO Avaliar sono, qualidade de vida e humor em profissionais de enfermagem em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Infantil. MÉTODO Estudo quantitativo, transversal e descritivo. Profissionais agrupados por turnos matutino, vespertino e noturno foram avaliados pelos instrumentos: Questionário de identificação Matutinidade-Vespertinidade; Índice de qualidade do sono de Pittsburgh; Escala de sonolência Epworth; Questionário genérico de avaliação de qualidade de vida - SF-36; Inventário de depressão de Beck; Inventário de ansiedade de Beck; Inventário de ansiedade Traço-Estado. RESULTADOS Amostra composta por 168 profissionais, predominando tipologia neutra, 57,49%. Não houve significância estatística quanto ao sono, apesar dos escores mostrarem qualidade ruim e sonolência diurna excessiva para os três turnos. A qualidade de vida não denotou diferença estatística, mas no domínio "aspecto social" do turno noturno, observou-se escore pior (p<0,007). Não houve significância estatística nos níveis de ansiedade e depressão. CONCLUSÃO Os resultados sugerem que estes profissionais podem apresentar problemas no sono, entretanto não apresentam escores mais baixos de qualidade de vida ou transtornos do humor. Possíveis explicações para estes achados são que haja uma adaptação ao regime de trabalho ao longo do tempo e que trabalhar com crianças seja recompensador.

Diet composition and feeding habits of the eyespot skate, Atlantoraja cyclophora (Elasmobranchii: Arhynchobatidae), off Uruguay and northern Argentina

The eyespot skate, Atlantoraja cyclophora, is an endemic species from the southwestern Atlantic, occurring from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to northern Patagonia, Argentina. The feeding habits of this species, from off Uruguay and north Argentina, were evaluated using a multiple hypothesis modelling approach. In general, the diet was composed mainly of decapod crustaceans, followed by teleost fishes. Molluscs, mysidaceans, amphipods, isopods, lancelets and elasmobranchs were consumed in lower proportion. The consumption of shrimps drecreased with increasing body size of A. cyclophora. On the other hand, the consumption of teleosts increased with body size. Mature individuals preyed more heavily on crabs than immature individuals. Teleosts were consumed more in the south region (34º - 38ºS) and crabs in the north region (38º - 41ºS). Shrimps were eaten more in the warm season than in the cold season. Prey size increased with increasing body size of A. cyclophora , but large individuals also consumed small teleosts and crabs. Atlantoraja cyclophora has demersal-benthic feeding habits, shifts its diet with increasing body size and in response to seasonal and regional changes in prey availability and distribution.(AU)

La raya de círculos, Atlantoraja cyclophora , es una especie endémica del Atlántico Sudoccidental, que se distribuye desde Río de Janeiro, Brasil, hasta el norte de la Patagonia, Argentina. Los hábitos alimentarios de esta especie fueron evaluados frente a la costa de Uruguay y norte de Argentina, utilizando un enfoque de modelado de múltiples hipótesis. En general, la dieta estuvo compuesta principalmente por crustáceos decápodos (71,37 %IRI), seguido de peces teleósteos (28,54 %IRI). En menor proporción fueron consumidos moluscos, misidáceos, anfípodos, isópodos, anfioxos y elasmobranquios. El consumo de decápodos Natantia disminuyó con el incremento del tamaño del cuerpo de A. cyclophora . Por otro lado, el consumo de teleósteos se incrementó con el incremento del tamaño del cuerpo. Individuos maduros consumieron cangrejos en mayor proporción que individuos inmaduros. Los teleósteos fueron consumidos mayormente en la región sur (34º - 38ºS) y los cangrejos en la región norte (38º - 41ºS). Los decápodos Natantia fueron más consumidos en la estación cálida que en la estación fría. El tamaño de las presas consumidas se incrementó con el aumento del tamaño corporal de A. cyclophora , pero individuos de mayor tamaño no abandonadon el consumo de pequeños cangrejos y teleósteos. Atlantoraja cyclophora presenta hábitos alimentarios demersal-bentónicos, cambia su dieta con el incremento del tamaño corporal y en respuesta a cambios estacionales y regionales en la disponibilidad y distribución de las presas.(AU)

The application of de-escalation thinking shift mode in emergency condition of morning shift meeting / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the application effect of de-escalation thinking shift mode in emergency condition of morning shift meeting. Methods Guided by the de-escalation thinking, critical ill patients transfer tables were established in the emergency department, patients admitted into the emergency resuscitation room were selected from January 2015 to December 2015, and divided into the observation group (329 cases) and the control group ( 310 cases) . Patients in the control group applied the traditional oral shift meeting mode by the bed to check the patient; patients in the observation group applied the de-escalation thinking shift mode of morning shift meeting, followed by the specification of morning shift process and content; additionally, the cooperation of nursing staff, the transfer of nursing adverse events, nurses awareness of the patient′s condition, the patient satisfaction survey were counted before and after the implementation, respectively. Results Chinese version of Nursing Assessment Shift Report (NASR) was used to evaluate the cooperation status between the two sides of nursing staffs, and the mean scores of nursing staffs were 60.50±1.80 and 78.20±2.50 in the control group and the observation group, respectively, showing statistical significance (t=14.23, P<0.01);before application, corresponding statistical results regarding the shift meeting related nursing adverse events showed that there were 5 cases of infusion prolapse/leakage, 2 cases of pressure ulcer, 3 cases of pipe extrusion, and 2 cases of delayed drug delivery;after application, there were 2 cases of infusion prolapse/leakage, 0 case of pressure ulcer, 1 case of pipe extrusion, and 1 case of delayed drug delivery;comparison results showed significantly statistical difference (χ2=1.76-6.74, P<0.05). Before application, assessment results regarding the mean scores of nurses awareness of the patient's condition showed that mean scores of patients′ state of illness, test results, current treatment, potential risk, and nursing focus were 3.83 ± 0.62, 3.16 ± 0.64, 4.17 ± 0.36, 3.47 ± 1.26, and 3.64 ± 1.10, respectively;and after application, mean scores of patients′state of illness, test results, current treatment, potential risk, and nursing focus were 4.71 ± 0.27, 4.53±0.66, 4.89 ± 0.10, 4.50 ± 0.61, and 4.72 ± 0.43, respectively;the differences were statistically significant (t=-8.86--3.35, P<0.05). Furthermore, patient satisfaction with nursing staff in emergency department was improved from 91.6%(284/310) to 96.0%(316/329)(χ2 =25.74,P<0.05). Conclusions The application of de-escalation thinking shift mode in emergency condition of morning shift meeting may contribute to the specification of the transfer process, improvement of nursing work efficiency, and finally result in the promotion of patients′safety and teamwork.