ABSTRACT
Aims: Infection of wounds by microorganisms can prolong wound healing process and result in wound associated complications. Therefore, wound treatment entails the use of antimicrobial agents usually administered directly on the wound where possible to prevent microbial colonization. Traditionally, various plants have been used in wound treatment in different regions of the world. This study evaluated the contribution of the antibacterial activity of four plants commonly use in the treatment of wound in southwestern Nigeria to their ethnobotanically acclaimed wound healing property. Methodology: The antibacterial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the selected plants (Chromolaena odorata, Sida acuta, Ageratum conyzoides and Carica papaya) was evaluated using the agar well diffusion assay. Wound isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, two commonly isolated Gram negative and Gram-positive bacteria from wounds were used for this study. Antibacterial activity was inferred for plant extracts that achieved zone of inhibition ? 7 mm in diameter (size of the well inclusive). Results: Generally, the ethanolic extracts of the selected plants showed better extraction yield and antibacterial activity compared to the aqueous extracts. The ethanolic extracts of the four selected plants demonstrated antibacterial activity against the test organisms used while only the aqueous extracts of Chromolaena odorata and Sida acuta showed activity against both test organisms. The aqueous extracts of Ageratum conyzoides and Carica papaya only showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus. Conclusion: Results from this study demonstrated that the antibacterial activity of the selected plants contributes to their acclaimed wound healing property. Although there is need to investigate the role of other non-antibacterial properties of the plants that may be associated with wound healing to fully understand the usefulness of the plants in wound treatment.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The suprascapular notch is present on the superior border of the scapula, just medial to thecoracoid process. The suprascapular ligament bridges the edges of notch, which sometimes get ossified andconvert suprascapular notch into foramen.A narrow notch or excess ossified ligament may have a greaterchance of a nerve impingement in the suprascapular foramen.Materials and methods: This study was conducted on the bones that were obtained from the bone bank ofDepartment of Anatomy. A total of 118 (57 right, 61 left) human scapulae derived from adult (35 male and 17female) skeletons were evaluated for the shape of suprascapular notch ,presence of any ossification of thesuprascapular ligament and classified according to Rengachary et al into I –VI types.Results: On analysis of morphological variations of suprascapular notch, we found following types of scapulae:Type I -22.42 %, Type II -12.98 %, Type III -53.98 %, Type IV -0 %, Type V- 7.08 %, Type VI -3.54%.. Out of all specimens,in three specimen suprascapular ligaments (3.54 %) were found to be completely ossifiedConclusion: The knowledge of morphometric variations of suprascapular notch and ossification of suprascapularligament is very important for clinicians. This knowledge is very important in sports medicine as well as fororthopaedic surgeons in management of cases of shoulder pain.
ABSTRACT
@#Sida acuta (SA) has a variety of traditional uses spanning from its fresh root that is chewed for the treatment of dysentery to hot aqueous extract of dried plant orally administered as diuretic. The aqueous extract of the plant has antimicrobial, antimalarial, analgesic and antiplasmodial effects. This study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of the aqueous extract of the leaves of SA in nicotine-induced cereballar dysfunction. Adult male Wistar rats were randomly separated into the following groups: Vehicle (received distilled water), Nicotine-treated (NIC-treated; received 1.0mg of Nicotine per kg of body weight), SA-treated (received 500mg/kg of body weight of aqueous extract of SA) and NIC+ SA-treated (received 1.0mg of Nicotine and 500mg of SA per kg body weight). The treatment lasted for 28 days and the administration was done daily by oral gavage. The body weight change was monitored using standard animal weighing balance; biochemical assay and cerebellar tissue histology were performed as previously described. The results showed increase in body weight gain and disruption of cytoarchitecture of the cerebellum in nicotine-treated group compared with vehicle-treated group. These alterations of cerebellar morphology may be associated with increased oxidative stress. However, concomitant administration of aqueous extract of SA during treatment with nicotine attenuated cerebellar disruption. The result indicated that administration of aqueous extract of the leaves of SA during treatment with nicotine preserves cerebellar function.