Investigation of factors affecting the rate of changes in endurance exercise performance by pre-cooling with ice slurry / 体力科学

To investigate the factors affecting the rate of improvement in endurance exercise performance following pre-cooling with ice slurry, we focused on individual physical characteristics and thermoregulatory capacity. Twenty-four healthy adults (12 males and 12 females) ingested 7.5g kg-1 of either ice slurry at -1°C (ICE) or control water at 20°C (CON) before cycling at 55% VO2max and continued cycling until the rectal temperature reached 38.5°C or untill exhaustion in a hot environment (controlled at 38°C, 40% relative humidity). The relationship between the rate of improvement in exercise performance and physical characteristics and thermoregulatory factors (changes in rectal temperature, the rate of rectal temperature increase, whole body sweat loss, mean metabolic heat production, and heat storage) was investigated. No correlation was noted between the rate of improvement in exercise performance and physical characteristics and heat storage. On the other hand, the rate of improvement in exercise performance showed significant correlations with changes in rectal temperature (r = -0.497), the rate of rectal temperature increases during exercise (r = -0.784), whole body sweat loss (r = 0.407), and mean metabolic heat production (r = -0.436). The rate of inhibition of sweating and the rate of increase in metabolic heat production by ice slurry ingestion during exercise have been suggested to be related to the rate of improvement in exercise performance. On the other hand, there was no relationship between body composition or VO2max and the rate of improvement in exercise performance.

Tratamento de dejetos de suinocultura em reator anaeróbio com pós-tratamento aeróbio/anóxico / Treatment of swine slurry in anaerobic reactor with aerobic/anoxic post-treatment

RESUMO A suinocultura é caracterizada pela produção de grande volume de dejetos, que quando dispostos inadequadamente provocam impactos nos recursos hídricos, no solo e no ar, além de promoverem riscos à saúde humana. A remoção conjunta de matéria orgânica e nutrientes tem se mostrado um desafio para o tratamento desse tipo de resíduo. Diante disso, o presente estudo avaliou a remoção simultânea de matéria carbonácea, nitrogênio e fósforo presentes em dejetos de suinocultura, em um sistema de tratamento biológico composto de um reator anaeróbio de fluxo ascendente e manta de lodo (UASB), seguido de um reator em batelada sequencial (RBS) operado em ciclos aeróbio/anóxico de 24 h. O sistema foi dividido em duas etapas operacionais: coluna de sedimentação, UASB e RBS, e UASB e RBS. O reator UASB, com tempo de detenção hidráulica de 15,5 h e carga orgânica volumétrica aplicada de 5,5 kg DQO.m-3.d-1, alcançou eficiência média de remoção de demanda química de oxigênio (DQO) de 84% na primeira etapa. Na Etapa 1, ocorreu o melhor desempenho do sistema, com eficiências médias globais de remoção de DQO, nitrogênio total e fósforo iguais a 78, 85 e 67%, respectivamente.

ABSTRACT Swine farming is characterized by the production of a large volume of manure, which when improperly disposed causes impacts on water resources, soil, and air, in addition to promoting risks to human health. The joint removal of organic matter and nutrients from this type of waste has been a challenge. Therefore, the present study evaluated the simultaneous removal of carbonaceous matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus from swine wastewater in a biological treatment system composed of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB), followed by a sequential batch reactor (SBR) operated in 24 hours aerobic/anoxic cycles. The system was divided into two operational phases: Sedimentation Column, UASB and SBR, and UASB and SBR. The UASB reactor, with hydraulic retention time of 15.5 h and applied organic volumetric load of 5.5 kg COD.m-3.d-1, achieved an average COD removal efficiency of 84% in the first stage. Stage 1 presented the best performance, with global average removal efficiencies of 78, 85, and 67% for COD, total nitrogen, and phosphorus, respectively.

A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degrading strain and its potential of degrading phenanthrene in various enhanced systems / 生物工程学报

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of common environmental pollutants that pose threats to human health. In this study, a mesophilic bacterial strain CFP312 (grown at 15-37 °C, optimal at 30 °C) was isolated from PAHs-contaminated soil samples. It was identified as Moraxella sp. by morphological observation, physiological and biochemical test, and 16S rRNA gene phylogeny analysis. This is the first reported PAHs degrading strains in Moraxella. Degradation analysis showed that 84% and 90% of the loaded phenanthrene (400 mg/L) were degraded within 48 h and 60 h, and the degradation rates reached 1.21 and 1.29 mg/(L·h), respectively. During the degradation of phenanthrene, phenanthrene-3,4-dihydrodiol was detected as an intermediate. Based on this, it was proposed that double oxygenation at the positions 3 and 4 of phenanthrene was the first step of biodegradation. Adaptability of strain CFP312 to different enhanced phenanthrene-degradation systems was tested in aqueous-organic system, micellar aqueous system, and cloud point system. Strain CFP312 showed good adaptability to different systems. In addition, the bacterium can rapidly degrade the phenanthrene in contaminated soil in slurry-aqueous system, indicating great potential in environmental remediation.

Accumulation of sodium and heavy metals in soil cultivated with Corymbia citriodora after the application of swine wastewater / Acúmulo de sódio e metais pesados ​​no solo cultivado com Corymbia citriodora após aplicação de água residuária de suinocultura

The confinement of pigs stands out as a great generator of swine wastewater (SW). The final destination of waste generated is currently a concern of society, since if handled improperly, it can cause serious impacts to the environment. One of the alternatives is the use of SW as a source of nutrients, which are made available to the plants, after the mineralization of organic matter. The objective of this work was to compare soil chemical attributes under two planting arrangements, in single and double lines of Corymbia citriodora. Two experiments were carried out at the Bonsucesso farm, in Uberlândia-MG, the first with C. citriodora in simple lines, with five plants per plot, spacing two meters between plants and 15 meters between rows. The second experiment was with C. citriodora in double lines, with two meters between plants in the line, three meters between lines in the plot and 15 meters between the double lines of C. citriodora. The statistical design was in randomized blocks. The treatments used were five doses of SW (0; 200; 400; 600 and 800 m³ ha-1) with five replicates. The application of SW rates was divided in the dry season, in the months of June, July and August. The chemical characteristics of the soil were evaluated in the 0-20 cm depth layer. Planting on double lines of C. citriodora provided higher soil nutrient contents. The application of swine wastewater raised the levels of potassium and heavy metals such as copper and zinc. The dose of 200 m3ha-1provided adequate levels for most nutrients present in the soil.

O confinamento de suínos destaca-se como grande gerador de águas residuárias de suinocultura (ARS). O destino final de resíduos gerados é atualmente uma preocupação da sociedade, uma vez que, se manejados de forma inadequada, podem provocar sérios impactos ao meio ambiente. Uma das alternativas é o uso da ARS como fonte de nutrientes, que após a mineralização da matéria orgânica, são disponibilizados para as plantas. O objetivo do trabalho foi comparar os atributos químicos do solo sob dois arranjos de plantio, em linhas simples e duplas de Corymbia citriodora. Foram implantados dois experimentos na fazenda Bonsucesso, em Uberlândia-MG, sendo o primeiro com C. citriodora em linhas simples, com cinco plantas por parcela, com espaçamento de dois metros entre plantas e 15 metros entre linhas. O segundo experimento foi com C. citriodora em linhas duplas, com dois metros entre plantas na linha, três metros entre linhas na parcela e 15 metros entre as linhas duplas de C. citriodora. O delineamento estatístico foi em blocos ao acaso. Os tratamentos utilizados foram cinco doses de ARS (0; 200; 400; 600 e 800 m³ ha-1) com cinco repetições. A aplicação das doses de ARS foram parceladas na estação da seca, nos meses de junho, julho e agosto. Foram avaliadas as características químicas do solo, na camada de 0-20 cm de profundidade. O plantio realizado em linhas duplas de C. citriodora proporcionou maiores teores de nutrientes no solo. A aplicação de água residuária de suinocultura elevou os teores de potássio e de metais pesados como o cobre e o zinco. A dose de 200 m3 ha-1 proporcionou teores adequados para maioria dos nutrientes presentes no solo.

Interações ambientais e resistência física de um depósito de resíduos finos da indústria de rochas ornamentais / Environmental interactions and physical resistance of a fine waste deposit from dimension stone industry

RESUMO Embora vários trabalhos proponham aplicações para os resíduos finos gerados no beneficiamento de rochas ornamentais, ainda não há evidências das vantagens financeiras para tal aproveitamento. Assim, a descrição dos depósitos existentes, muitos deles construídos sem triagem ou qualquer medida de proteção ambiental, torna-se imprescindível para seu melhor gerenciamento. Este trabalho estudou a caracterização física, química e mineralógica, além da resistência mecânica de um depósito de resíduos tradicionais e de seu substrato geológico. Cerca de 75% das partículas que compõem os resíduos são menores do que 0,0625 mm e o teor de umidade varia entre 26 e 60%. Os valores de pH variam entre 8,2 e 10,5. Os elementos químicos predominantes são Si, Al, Fe e, em menor proporção, Ca, Na e K. Esses elementos compõem quartzo, plagioclásio, microclina, calcita, muscovita, biotita e zircão. Ao comparar as características dos resíduos com as do substrato geológico, não foram encontrados indícios de migração das substâncias químicas analisadas. Os Stantard Penetration Tests mostram que as camadas não apresentam resistência suficiente para receber fundações rasas. É provável que as concentrações de Fe em alguns níveis contribuam com o aumento da resistência mecânica em áreas localizadas do depósito.

ABSTRACT Although several works propose applications for the fine wastes generated by the dimension stones processing, the financial advantages of recovering these materials are not yet evident. Then, the description of the deposits, much of them constructed without screening or any environmental protection measure, becomes indispensable for their best management. This work studies the physical, chemical and mineralogical characterization, as well as the mechanical resistance of a traditional waste deposit and its geological substrate. Around 76% of the particles that compound the wastes are smaller than 0,0625 mm and their humidity vary between 26 and 60%. The pH-values are between 8.2 and 10.5. The major chemical elements are Si, Al, Fe, and, at less proportions, Ca, Na, and K. These elements compound quartz, plagioclase, microcline, calcite, muscovite, biotite, and zircon. When comparing the characteristics of the wastes with the geological substrate, indicatives of the analyzed substances' migration was not found. The Standard Penetration Tests (SPT) show that the layer´s strength is not good enough to receive shallow foundations. It is probable that Fe concentrations at some levels contribute for incrementing the deposit´s mechanical resistance.

Ensaio em colunas de solo para estudo da influência dos resíduos finos de rochas ornamentais na qualidade da água / Soil column test to study the influence of dimension stone fine wastes on water quality

RESUMO A geração de resíduos finos provenientes do processo de beneficiamento de rochas ornamentais cresce na mesma proporção da produção de chapas para a construção civil. A adoção de medidas preventivas, remediadoras e punitivas está atrelada ao conhecimento do verdadeiro potencial que esses materiais têm para causar impactos negativos ao ambiente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi simular, em laboratório, possíveis alterações na qualidade da água de recarga de aquíferos provocadas pela disposição inadequada desses resíduos. Foram realizados testes de percolação de água em colunas de solo recoberto por resíduos com diferentes taxas de umidade: resíduos sem tratamento, saídos diretamente do tear (TE); resíduos que passaram por filtro prensa (FP) para redução de umidade e resíduos secos em leito de secagem (LS). A água de percolação foi analisada para avaliar alterações em comparação com um branco ou testemunha. Não foram detectadas alterações significativas no pH da água percolada em nenhum dos casos estudados. Porém, no tratamento TE houve alterações em vários parâmetros de qualidade. A água percolada através do resíduo FP se assemelhou àquela do TE em alguns parâmetros e à do LS em outros. ­Conclui-se que os resíduos saídos diretamente da boca do tear possuem alto potencial de degradação da qualidade da água, mas a redução de umidade é eficaz para reduzir os riscos ambientais. O uso de LS pode ser um método tão eficaz quanto o FP, se conduzido de forma adequada e respeitando as normas legais.

ABSTRACT The generation of fine wastes from cutting of ornamental stones grows at the same rate of plate production for civil construction. The adoption of safe, remediating and punitive measures are linked to the knowledge of the actual potentiality that these materials have for causing negative impacts to the environment. The aim of this work was to simulate, in laboratory, possible alterations in the recharging groundwater quality provoked by the improper disposal of these wastes. We conducted tests of percolating water through soil columns covered by wastes with different humidity rates: wastes without treatment, outgoing directly from the looms (TE); wastes that passed by filter press for humidity reducing (FP) and wastes dried in a drying pond (LS). Percolated water was analyzed to evaluate alterations of its quality in relation to a blank (B) or control. Significant changes did not occur in pH-values of percolated water in any of the cases studied. However, many water quality parameters were changed during TE treatment. The water percolated through FP residues was similar to that of the looms in relation to some parameters and with the LS wastes, in others. We concluded that the wastes that just left the loom have high potential for changing water quality, but the reduction of waste´s humidity is efficient for minimizing environmental risks. The use of drying bed could be as efficient as the filter press, if conducted in a proper form and according to legal regulations.

Biosorption of anionic textile dyes from aqueous solution by yeast slurry from brewery

ABSTRACT This study investigated the biosorption of the anionic textile dyes: Reactive Red 239 (RR239), Reactive Black B (RBB) and Direct Blue 85 (DB85) according to pH, biomass dosage, contact time and dye concentration onto waste beer yeast slurry. The kinetics and isotherm of the removal of dyes were also studied. The equilibrium of biosorption reaction was reached after 30 min for the reactive dyes and after 60 min for the direct dye. Optimum decolorization was observed at pH 2 and 0.63 g/L of biomass dosage. The kinetic data of the three dyes were better described by the pseudo second-order model. The adsorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm model and the biosorption capacity being estimated to be 152.9, 162.7 and 139.2 mg/g for RR239, RBB and DB85, respectively. Our findings indicated that the waste beer yeast slurry was an attractive low-cost biosorbent for the removal of anionic textile dyes from aqueous solution.

Determination of Trace Metals in High-purity Silicon Nitride Powderby Solution-cathode Glow Discharge-atomic EmissionSpectrometer Using Slurry Sampling / 分析化学

Trace impurities of Al, Ca, Co, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni in silicon nitride powder were determined by slurry introduction into a solution-cathode glow discharge-atomic emission spectrometer (SCGD-AES).The effect of particle size on the stability of suspension was investigated.A 6-port valve was selected to link sampling system and SCGD-AES, by which the suspension could be introduced into the SCGD-AES to get instantaneous spectrum signal.The calibration curves for quantitative analysis could be established using aqueous standards and the pH of suspension was not required to be adjusted accurately.The applied voltage, solution flow rate, and integral time of PMT were set to 1080 V, 1.2 mL/min and 800 ms, respectively.In this work, slurry sampling was combined with SCGD-AES by a 6 port 2-pos valve.Powder Si3N4 was tested by this way and the limits of detection for all nine elements were 0.2-53.0 mg/kg.The RSDs were 1.1%-5.0%.The detection result of trace impurities in standard reference material ERM-ED101 agreed with that obtained from inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry.This method was proved to be accurate, reliable and valuable.

Molecular detection of hepatitis E virus in feces and slurry from swine farms, Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil / Detecção molecular do vírus da hepatite E em fezes e chorume de propriedades suinícolas, Rio Grande do Sul, Sul do Brasil

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is highly disseminated among swine herds worldwide. HEV is also a threat to public health, since particularly genotypes 3 and 4 may cause acute hepatitis in human beings. No previous studies were done on the occurrence of HEV in environmental samples in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. In the present study, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed to detect the presence of HEV in swine feces and in effluents from slurry lagoons in farms located in the municipality of Teutônia, inside the area of swine husbandry in the state. Pooled fecal samples from the floor of pig barns from 9 wean-to-finish farms and liquid manure samples were collected from the slurry lagoons from 8 of these farms. From the pooled fecal samples, 8/9 were positive for the HEV ORF1 gene by RT-PCR; all the slurry lagoon samples were positive for HEV RNA (100%). The identity of the HEV ORF1 amplicons was confirmed by sequencing belonging to HEV genotype 3, which was previously shown to be circulating in South America.

O vírus da hepatite E (HEV) é altamente disseminado entre rebanhos suínos no mundo todo. O HEV é também uma ameaça à saúde pública, já que os genótipos 3 e 4 podem causar hepatite aguda em seres humanos. Não há estudos anteriores sobre a ocorrência de HEV em amostras ambientais no Rio Grande do Sul. No presente estudo, empregou-se transcrição reversa e reação em cadeia da polimerase (RT-PCR) para detectar a presença de HEV em fezes de suínos e efluentes de lagoas de chorume em fazendas localizadas no município de Teutônia, representativo da região de maior produção de suínos no estado. Pools de amostras fecais foram coletadas a partir do chão de galpões de suínos provenientes de 9 propriedades de terminação; outra amostra de esterco líquido foi coletada das lagoas de chorume de 8 dessas fazendas. A partir das amostras fecais reunidas, 8/9 foram positivas para o gene ORF1 de HEV por PCR convencional; todas as amostras de lagoas de chorume foram positivas para RNA de HEV (100%). A identificação dos produtos de amplificação de HEV ORF1 foi confirmada por sequenciamento pertencente ao HEV genótipo 3, o qual foi previamente detectado na América do Sul.

Analysis of Bio-gas Production from Cow Dung by Indigenous Microbial Consortia.

The study analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively the biogas produced from cowdung by indigenous microbial consortia. Four 20L bioreactors were used for the study. The bioreactors were constructed to imitate the fixed batch prototype. The study lasted for six months and it was carried out at the Microbiology Laboratory of Anambra State University, Anambra State, Nigeria. Slurry was prepared in bioreactors. The substrates in the bioreactors were water and manure (WM), rumen fluid and manure (RM-1 and RM-2), medium and manure (MM). The pH, the total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS) and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) characteristics of the substrate before and after digestion were determined using standard method. Quantification and qualitative analysis of biogas production was by liquid displacement and gas chromatography methods respectively. The microbial analysis of the substrate was carried out using spread plate method. The results of the TS, VS and VFA were 400 mg/l, 92mg/l and 16.7 mg/l respectively in the predigested samples and 92 mg/l, 17.4mg/l and 28.3mg/l respectively in the post digested samples. The quantity of biogas produced at fourth month was 60 ml, 128ml and 220ml from WM, MM and RM-1 respectively. The qualitative analysis showed that the prominent biogas produced was methane. The cultural morphology revealed Gram positive rods with creamy irregular edges. The average heterotrophic counts at the end of each month for a period of four months were 18.5x105cfu/ml, 21.1 x105cfu/ml and 26.7x105cfu/ml for WM, MM and RM respectively. The results of the research concluded that high quantity of biogas can be produced using cow dung. Approaches and technology for more efficient biogas producing consortia are proposed.

Liberação do N em solos de diferentes texturas com ou sem adubos orgânicos / N release in different textures soils with or without organic fertilizers

A liberação do N em um solo sob adubação orgânica é afetada por vários fatores como a quantidade e as características do resíduo adicionado, as condições climáticas e o tipo de solo, dentre outros. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a eficiência da cama de aves de corte e do dejeto líquido de suínos em três solos de diferentes texturas. Foram incubados os solos franco-arenoso (238g argila kg-1), argilo-siltoso (470g argila kg-1) e muito-argiloso (605g argila kg-1), aos quais se adicionou ou não a cama de aves e o dejeto líquido de suínos. Foi determinada a progressão de N-NH4+ e N-NO3- aos 0, 7, 14, 28, 56 e 112 dias de incubação e calculou-se a taxa de mineralização líquida e as porcentagens de N disponível e de N mineral líquido em relação ao N total e orgânico adicionados, respectivamente. O maior teor de argila fez com que a nitrificação ocorresse de forma mais gradual, independente do tipo de adubo orgânico adicionado, o que contribui para diminuir o potencial poluente do N. A mineralização líquida do N também foi maior no solo franco-arenoso. Isso ratifica a recomendação de parcelar o suprimento do nitrogênio aos cultivos, em especial em solos arenosos e com dejetos líquidos ricos em N amoniacal. Os resultados sinalizam que os índices oficiais de eficiência de liberação do N (IELN), de 80% para o dejeto líquido de suínos e 50% para a cama de aves, podem estar superestimados. Nesse aspecto, parece ser importante descontar o N mineral liberado pelo solo no cálculo do IELN para não promover a depleção da matéria orgânica do solo a médio ou longo prazo. Por fim, os resultados apontam para a necessidade de aprofundar estudos para que as classes texturais dos solos sejam consideradas como uma variável para a recomendação de N através de adubos orgânicos.

The N release in the soil with organic fertilization is affected by various factors, such as the amount and the caractheristics of the added manure, climatic conditions and soil type. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of soil texture and the N release from two sources of organic fertilizer. Sandy loam soil (238mg clay kg-1), silt clay (470mg kg-1) and very-clay (605mg kg-1) were incubated, to which the poultry litter (47% N-NH4+) and the pig liquid slurry (14% N-NH4+) were added or not. The contents of N-NH4+ and N-NO3- was determined at 0, 7, 14, 28, 56 and 112 days after incubation and calculated the net mineralization and the percentage of available N and net mineral nitrogen in relation to the total and added organic N, respectively. The higher clay caused more gradually nitrification, regardless of the type of organic fertilizer added, which may helps to reduce the polluting potential of N. The net N mineralization was also higher in sandy loam soil. This confirms the recommendation to spread the supply of nitrogen to crops, particularly in sandy soils and slurry rich in N-ammonia. The results indicated that the official indices of efficiency of N release (IELN), of 80% for the pig liquid slurry and 50% for the poultry litter, may be overestimated. Therefore, it seems important to consider the N mineral of the soil in the calculation of the efficiency of the release to reduce the depletion of soil organic matter in a medium or long term. Finally, the results point to the need for further studies so that the soil texture classes are considered as a variable to the recommended nitrogen through organic fertilizers.

Research on the impact of compound E-Jiao slurry (CEJS) plus cyclophosphamide in the inhibition rate of lewis pulmonary carcinoma in mice / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of Compound E-Jiao Slurry (CEJS) and Cyclophosphamide (CTX) on the inhibition of Lewis pulmonary carcinoma xenografts. Methods Tumor xenografts models were prepared and randomly divided into six groups by weight, including the control group,CTX, CEJS with the dosages of high, middle and low, with a total of ten mice in each group. The control mice were given normal saline 0.4ml by intragastric administration once daily, with a total of twelve times; The mice of CTX group were given CTX 0.2 ml by intraperitoneal injection every other day, with a total of six times; The mice of CEJS group were given CEJS 0.2 ml and saline 0.2 ml by intragastric administration; The mice of combination therapy group 1 were given CEJS 0.4 ml by intragastric administration once daily, and CTX 0.2 ml by intraperitoneal injection every other day; The mice of combination therapy group 2 were given CEJS 0.2 ml by intragastric administration once daily, and CTX 0.2 ml by intraperitoneal injection every other day; The mice of combination therapy group 3 were given CEJS 0.1 ml by intragastric administration once daily, and CTX 0.2 ml by intraperitoneal injection every other day. The weight of tumor xenografts were measured in the experiment,the inhibition rate of tumor xenografts were calculated according to the data after the dissection. Results The combination groups and CTX alone have an inhibition rate of over 50%, and the CEJS group 25.88%. In every experimental group, the weight of tumor showed statistical significance compared with the control (P0.05). Conclusion CEJS can't obviously enhance the sensitivity of tumor xenografts to CTX, but there is a trend for tumor inhibition.

Effects of compound E-Jiao Slurry(CEJS)on the expression of VEGF in mice with lewis lung carcinoma / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To observe the effects of CEJS combined with chemotherapy on the expression of VEGF in lewis lung carcinoma.Methods Tumor xenografts models were set up and randomly divided into five groups including control group,CTX CEJS,high-dose CEJS joint CTX(combination group 1),and middle-dose CEJS joint CTX(combination group 2).Paraffin imbedding and HE staining were performed,and the tissue Shape was observed by microscope after section.The expressions of VEGF in five groups were determined by immuno-histochemistry.Results The expression level of VEGF could be significantly down-regulated in CTX or combination group 1 and 2,compared with the control group(P＜0.05):CEJS group had no significant difference to the control group(P＞0.05);The average optical density in the combination group 1 and 2 showed no significantly difference to the CTX group(P＞0.05).Conclusion The inhibition of CEJS could not down regulate of the expression of VEGF,but CEJS could keep the affection of chemotherapy drugs on VEGF.

Aplicação de dejeto suíno e estrutura de um latossolo vermelho sob semeadura direta / Pig slurry application and structure of a red latosol under no tillage

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, estimar o efeito da aplicação de doses crescentes de dejetos suínos, em atributos físicos do solo. O experimento localizado em Campos Novos, SC, foi conduzido num Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico, no delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, com os tratamentos: testemunha (0); adubo solúvel (AS); combinação dejeto e adubo solúvel (DS); dejeto líquido suíno aplicado nas doses de 50, 100 e 200 m³ ha-1. Desde 2001 foi cultivado milho e aveia preta, sob sistema de semeadura direta. A amostragem do solo foi realizada em janeiro de 2006, nas camadas de 0-5; 5-10; 10-20 cm de profundidade, para determinação de carbono orgânico, densidade, estabilidade de agregados, macroporos, microporos e porosidade total. A aplicação de dejeto suíno nas doses de 50 e 100 m³ ha-1, reduziu a estabilidade de agregados do solo em relação à testemunha sem adubação. Os demais atributos físicos do solo e o teor de C orgânico não foram modificados pelos tratamentos, indicando que o uso agrícola do dejeto suíno, nas condições estudadas, mantém a qualidade física do solo.

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of crescent doses of pig slurry on physical soil properties. The experiment is carried out in Campos Novos, SC, southern Brazil, on a red distroferric latosol, with a completely random blocks experimental design and four replicates, with the following treatments: control (0); soluble fertilizer (SF); combination of pig slurry and soluble fertilizer (SS); pig slurry applications of 50, 100 and 200 m³ ha-1. Since 2001, maize and black-oat were cultivated under no tillage soil management. Soil samples were collected in January 2006, from 0-5; 5-10; 10-20 cm deep, to analyze organic carbon, soil density, aggregate stability, macro, micro and total porosity. The application of 50 and 100 m³ ha-1 of pig slurry decreased soil aggregate stability, in relation to the control treatment with no fertilization. The other physical properties and organic carbon contents had no effect on the treatments, demonstrating the pig slurry application under these tested conditions maintains the soil physical quality.

Produção de matéria seca de forragem e acúmulo de nutrientes em pastagem anual de inverno tratada com esterco líquido de suínos / Forage dry matter production and nutrient uptake of a hibernal pasture under application of pig slurry

O Esterco líquido de suínos (ELS) pode ser usado como fertilizante orgânico, mas seu uso incorreto pode contaminar o solo e os mananciais de água. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da adição de nutrientes ao solo, através do ELS, sobre a produção de matéria seca (MS) e o acúmulo de nutrientes de uma pastagem de aveia branca+azevém (Avena sativa + Lolium multiflorum). Um experimento foi realizado de 2004 a 2006, no campo experimental da UTFPR, em Pato Branco, Paraná, Brasil. O solo era um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico. Diferentes doses (0, 20, 40, 80 e 120m³ ha-1) de ELS foram aplicadas na pastagem, aos 20 e 61 dias após a emergência (DAE) da pastagem, em 2004, e aos 30 e 67DAE, em 2005. Outras duas aplicações foram realizadas nas culturas de verão, milho em 2004 e soja em 2005, respectivamente. A maior produção de MS foi obtida com a dose de 120m³ ha-1 de ELS, tanto no primeiro, quanto no segundo ano. A absorção de nutrientes pelas plantas respondeu de forma linear à aplicação de esterco líquido de suínos.

The pig slurry can be used as an organic fertilizer but its improper use can contaminate water and soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nutrient addition to the soil on pasture oat + ryegrass (Avena sativa + Lolium multiflorum) dry matter production and nutrient uptake. One experiment was carried out from 2004 to 2006, installed in the experimental farm of UTFPR in Pato Branco, Paraná State, Brazil. The soil was an Oxisol (Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico, Brazil systems). Different rates (0, 20, 40, 80 and 120m³ ha-1) of pig slurry were applied in the pasture. The pig slurry applications were performed 20 and 61 days after emergence (DAE) of pasture, in 2004, and 30 and 67DAE of pasture in 2005. Another two applications were performed in summer crops, corn in 2004 and soybean in 2005. In both years the rate 120m³ ha-1 of pig slurry resulted in the highest dry matter production. The nutrient uptake by plants responded in a linear manner to pig slurry application.

Increased eutrophication and nutrient imbalances in the agricultural soil of NE Catalonia, Spain.

The soil C, N, P and K content of agricultural soil were measured over the last 4 decades in NE Catalonia (NE Spain). Plant-available P and K increased by ca 109 and 105% respectively and total N decreased by 30%. The increases in plant-available P content are in accordance with the increasingly used pig slurry being very rich in P, and with P tendency to be retained in soils, since it is less mobile than N. The total soil N (Ntot) decrease occurred in the first decade (by 41%). The uptake and withdrawal of mineral N by crops and the leaching of mineral N into groundwater and rivers after torrential rainfalls were the two likely major pathways of N-loss from the soil. After the first decade, there has been no further decrease of Ntot as a result of the increasing fertilization of these fields, including the increasing applications of pig slurry. These results show an increasing P eutrophication in Mediterranean agricultural soils and will have several consequences for the next decades with (i) an increasing unbalance between N and P (and K) in soils that might affect crop productivity, (ii) an increasing leaching of N as nitrate to continental waters, both ground and surface waters, and (iii) a consequent need for the establishment of another fertilization strategy based on lowering the use of pig slurry and on increasing the use of fertilizers of slow mineralization that increase soil organic matter, and stabilise the soil N and P contents.

Assessing a soft twin tunneling numerical model using field data / 西安交通大学学报·英文版

Using a five-floor building affected by the Yangtze River highway tunnels in Wuhan as the engineering background, we have constructed a free-field model and a coupled model to study the soil, lining, foundations and upper structure, and analyze the rules of movements of building foundation and ground induced by single tunnel and twin tunnel excavation with the Finite Element Analysis method. It is shown that for the coupled model, the longitudinal displacement of each foundation increases slowly when the tunnel face gets close to the foundation section and then increases fast when the tunnel face moves away from the foundation during the single and twin tunneling. For a single tunnel, the surface settlements are overestimated by the free-field and coupled tunnel. This might be crucial in urban areas. Regarding the maximum settlements and the width of the settlement trough, the difference between the free-field model and the coupled modal is quite obvious. This comparison with the field measurement value reveals that the coupled model seems to be superior to the free-field model. These results are of instructive significance for design and excavation.

Resistência a antimicrobianos de Escherichia coli isolada de dejetos suínos em esterqueiras / Antibiotic-resistance of Escherichia coli isolates from stored pig slurry

The antimicrobial resistance of 96 Escherichia coli strains isolated from a stabilization pond system on a pig-breeding farm was evaluated. Strains were tested for their resistance against 14 antimicrobial using the agar diffusion method. E. coli strains showed resistance to tetracycline (82.3 percent), nalidixic acid (64 percent), ampicilin (41 percent), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprin (36 percent), sulfonamide (34 percent), cloranphenicol (274 percent), ciprofloxacin (19 percent), cefaclor (16 percent), streptomicyn (7.3 percent), neomicyn (1 percent), amoxacilin/ clavulanic acid (1 percent), and amikacin (1 percent). No resistance was observed to gentamicin and tobramycin, and 37.5 percent of E. coli strains were resistant to four or more antimicrobials. The multiresistance pattern was found in strains isolated during all sampled period. Strains showed a high variability in the antimicrobial resistance pattern.

Use of small-bore catheter versus chest tube for talc slurry sclerotherapy in malignant pleural effusion / 대한내과학회지

BACKGROUN: Talc sclerotherapy is widely used for symptomatic malignant pleural effusion. The object of this study was to evaluate the outcome of talc slurry sclerotherapy, and to compare the efficacy of the small-bore catheter with that of chest tube in sclerotherapy of malignant pleural effusion. METHODS: From January 2000 to May 2002, 37 patients with malignant pleural effusion were enrolled and randomized to the chest tube (28F, n=17) or the small-bore catheter (14F, n=20) groups. The majority of patients had lung cancer (n=33, 89%) and two had breast cancer. The median age was 55 years. After verification of reexpansion of lung on chest radiogram. five grams of purified asbestos-free talc in 50 mL of normal saline were used for talc slurry sclerosis. The success of the procedure was defined as daily drainage below 50 mL within 1 week after talc slurry instillation. Side effects of the sclerotherapy and complications were compared by the drainage method and the recurrence rates in 3, 6 and 9 months were evaluated. RESULTS: Initial success rates of sclerotherapy by small-bore catheter was 80% and that of chest tube was 70.5% (p=0.07). The most common early complication after talc slurry instillation was pain followed by fever. But procedure related mortality or respiratory failure was not developed. The mean duration of drainage by small-bore catheter was 8.2days and that of chest tube was 8.8days (p=0.60). But the catheter-related complications of pain, subcutaneous infection and, emphysema were significantly less in the small-bore catheter group than the chest tube groups (15% vs 88%, 5% vs 23.5%, 0% vs 17.5% respectively) There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the recurrence rate at 3 months (37.5% for the small-bore catheter vs. 33.3% for the chest tube, p=0.45), 6 months (56.3% vs. 58.3%, p=0.75), and 9 months (87.5% vs. 83.3%, p=0.65). CONCLUSION: Talc slurry sclerotherapy via chest tube or small-bore catheter was a safe and effective method for the treatment of symptomatic malignant pleural effusion. But small-bore catheters are preferred to the chest tube in the sense of catheter-related complications.