Use of Omega3 (PUFA) as a major Complementary and alternative Medicine (CAM) and Mind-body therapies to fight against the Breast Cancer in Ethiopian Women. A Case study

In our study the participants mean age was 44.5 ± 6.4, the breast cancer history of the participants are 21 (14%), the breast cancer in married women is high total 125(83.33), Ethiopian breast cancer patients most education is STD 12th is 75 (50%), most of the patients having the occupation is housework 70(46.66, smoker was 10(6.66), alcoholic were 7(4.66) the most interesting observation is the total 133(88.66) were having no addiction. Complementary medicines PUFA had been taken by the participants were total 110 (73.33), antioxidants taken by patients were 100(66.66), Vitamin Supplement taken by patients was total 109(72.66), DHA taken by patients were total 118 (78.66). These complementary medicines and mind-body therapies can be coupled with therapeutic strategies that collectively enhance breast cancer treatment efficacy and improve the prognosis for long term survival.

Histoplasmosis bucal / Oral histoplasmosis

Introducción: La histoplasmosis es una micosis causada por Histoplasma capsulatum. Este hongo se encuentra en las excretas de algunos animales (murciélagos y aves) y su reservorio es el suelo. Es una enfermedad endémica en el continente americano. La inhalación de esporas causa infección pulmonar primaria que puede diseminarse. Objetivo: Describir un caso de histoplasmosis bucal en un paciente seronegativo al virus de inmunodeficiencia humana. Caso clínico: Paciente diabético, fumador y alcohólico con cuadro febril de varios meses acompañado de manifestaciones respiratorias. Además, se constataron úlceras en encías y lengua, lesiones nodulares en mucosas del carrillo, fondo del surco vestibular y reborde alveolar. Se informó anemia, leucopenia y aumento de la velocidad de sedimentación globular. El diagnóstico se confirmó mediante citología e histopatología. La terapéutica empleada fue itraconazol 200 mg tres veces al día, luego 200 mg dos veces al día por dos meses y una tableta diaria hasta seis meses después del segundo mes. El paciente se encuentra asintomático y las lesiones bucales desaparecieron. Conclusiones: La histoplasmosis se diagnostica fundamentalmente por la epidemiología, la clínica y el cultivo. Los estudios citopatológicos e histopatológicos de la úlcera confirman el diagnóstico. Este caso representa una forma no habitual de presentación de la enfermedad, que aunque no se sospecha usualmente, puede ocurrir. Este trabajo es una alerta a los estomatólogos, maxilofaciales y a todo aquel personal de la salud que asiste a pacientes con manifestaciones sistémicas(AU)

Introduction: Histoplasmosis is a mycosis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum. This fungus is found in the feces of some animals (bats and birds) and its reservoir is the soil. Histoplasmosis is an endemic disease in the American continent. Inhalation of spores causes primary pulmonary infection, which may in turn be disseminated. Objective: Describe a case of oral histoplasmosis in a patient seronegative to the human immunodeficiency virus. Clinical case: A case is presented of a diabetic, smoker and alcoholic patient with fever of several months' evolution and respiratory manifestations. Examination revealed ulcers in the patient's gums and tongue, as well as nodular lesions in the mouth mucosa, the bottom of the vestibular sulcus and the alveolar ridge. Laboratory testing found anemia, leucopenia and an increased globular sedimentation rate. The diagnosis was confirmed by cytology and histopathology. The treatment indicated was 200 mg itraconazole three times a day and then 200 mg twice a day for two months, and a daily tablet for six months after the second month. The patient is now asymptomatic and the oral lesions have disappeared. Conclusions: Histoplasmosis is mainly diagnosed by epidemiological testing, clinical examination and culture. Cytopathologic and histopathological analysis of the ulcer confirm the diagnosis. The case illustrates an infrequent form of presentation of the disease, not usually suspected but possible. The study is a warning to dentists, maxillofacial specialists and all the health personnel caring for patients with systemic manifestations(AU)

Association between hot spring bathing and quality of life of smokers in typical hot spring areas of Guizhou Province / 上海预防医学

Objective To analyze the association between hot spring bathing and the quality of life of smokers living in typical hot spring areas of Guizhou to make suggestions on improving their quality of life. Methods The study is a cross-sectional study whose data was collected by questionnaires. The WHO Quality of Life Scale(WHO QOL-BREEF)was used to measure quality of life. Results The quality of life in the psychological domain(14.09±1.83 vs 13.79±1.82, P < 0.05)and the environmental domain(12.70±1.84 vs 12.37±1.67, P < 0.05)among smokers who took hot spring baths was significantly higher than that among those who did not. After adopting ordinary logistic regression model to adjust for other factors, for the physical domain, the odd of scoring"good"in the WHO scale in group of smokers who took hot spring baths less that once a month was 0.70 lower than that in those who took baths at least once a month(OR=0.70, 95%CI: 0.54-0.91). In psychological domain, the odd of the group of smokers who did not take hot spring baths was 0.65 lower than that in those who took baths at least once a month(OR=0.65, 95%CI: 0.47-0.90). And the odd of the group of smokers who bathed less than once in a month was 0.71 lower than those who bathed at least once a month(OR=0.71, 95%CI: 0.54-0.92). Conclusion There is a positive relationship between hot spring bathing and quality of life, which prompts that people who smoke take hot spring baths to improve their quality of life.

Association of cytokines levels with epidermal growth factor receptor mutation in lung cancer patients

Background: Lung cancer is one of the most frequent types of cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase (TK) being highly expressed in lung cancers. Activation of EGFR through oncogenic mutations leads to upregulation of gene expression that may heighten the inflammatory response in certain situations. EGFR acts as a key regulator and a cellular hub for inflammatory cytokine signaling, thereby promoting tumor cell proliferation, invasion, migration, metastases, and survival. The aim of the present study is to determine the serum cytokines levels and EGFR mutation status in lung cancer patients to investigate the association between the EGFR mutation status and cytokines levels with lung cancer patients. Materials and Methods: Blood and tissue samples of lung cancer patients were collected. The EGFR mutations of lung cancer patients were determined by the immunohistochemistry (IHC) and serum cytokines levels of lung cancer patients were determined using ELISA. Results: Statistically significant association of EGFR mutations with adenocarcinoma subtypes and non-smokers were found (P < 0.05). Lung cancer patients with EGFR mutations had significantly higher tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels when compared to lung cancer patients without EGFR mutations (P < 0.01), and EGFR mutation status was not significantly associated with interleukin-6 levels (P = 0.24). Conclusion: EGFR mutation detection by the IHC method is a potentially useful tool to guide clinicians for personalized treatment of lung cancer patients of adenocarcinoma subtype, and cytokines are good biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of treatment responses in lung cancer patients as well as act as therapeutic targets. This study will provide biomarkers for lung cancer diagnosis and treatments

The ECG changes in various comorbidities with hypertension and without hypertension

Background: Hypertension is the commonest cardiovascular disorder posing a challenge to the societies in socioeconomic and epidemiologic transition. In India, Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are estimated to be responsible for 1.5 million deaths annually. Indeed, it is estimated that by 2020, CVDs will be the largest cause of mortality and morbidity in India. To present study is designed to evaluate the variation of blood pressure and ECG wave forms among people hypertension with co morbidities (study group) and controls.Methods: The study included 50 people comorbidities with hypertension and 50 controls, each between ages 30-40 years from general population, and also from Medicine outpatient department, KIMS and RF Amalapuram. Detailed history from subjects, blood pressure (sitting position) and electrocardiogram was recorded during resting state in supine position. The ECG results were evaluated for various parameters like heart rate, P wave, PR interval, QRS complex etc.Results: There was significant increase in heart rate, systolic blood pressure as well as diastolic blood pressure in study group when compared to controls. Decrease in PR interval, decrease in QT interval, decrease in QTc interval, decrease in QRS axis in smokers when compared to controls.Conclusions: There was significant increase in heart rate in study group (smokers, diabetic) when compared to controls. There was significant increase in systolic blood pressure as well as diastolic blood pressure in study group (smokers, diabetics) when compared to controls. There was significant decrease in PR interval in smokers when compared to controls. There was significant decrease in QT and QTc interval in smokers when compared to controls.

Prevalence of Oromucosal Lesions in Relation to Tobacco Habit Among North Indian Population

Background: Smoking, drinking and chewing tobacco producthave been positively associated with oral lesions. The objectiveof the present study was to determine the prevalence oforomucosal lesions in relation to tobacco habit among a NorthIndian population.Materials and Methods: The present retrospective study wasstudy conducted among 1840 patients who reported in thedepartment of dentistry at NSCB Medical College Jabalpur MP.Along with patient's demographic details, information regardingthe type of habits, duration, frequency, site of placement,period of contact with mucosa, and history of discontinuation ofhabit were recorded using a standardized interviewer-basedquestionnaire. The diagnoses of clinically suspicious lesionswere confirmed by biopsy. Tobacco-related OMLs werediagnosed based on the clinical features. The collected datawere tabulated, and frequency and distribution tables of OMLswere generated using Statistical Package for Social Sciencesversion 21 (SPSS for Windows, Version 21.0. Chicago, SPSSInc.).Results: In the present study total patients were 3250 in which1840 patients were having habits. 58.69% males were havinghabits and 41.30% females were having habits. 67.59% maleswere smokers, 21.85% males were chewers and 10.55%males were having mixed smokers. 63.15% males weresmokers, 28.94% males were chewers, and 7.89% maleswere having mixed smokers. 36.90% patients were smokers,42.38% patients were chewers and 20.71% patients werehaving both smoking and chewing habits. The prevalence oftobacco coated tongue (31.57%) was highest in femaleswhereas in males prevalence of smoker’s melanosis (30.46%)was highest among all oromucosal lesions.Conclusion: Our study concluded that in both males andfemales smoking tobacco habit was more common thanchewing. The prevalence of tobacco coated tongue washighest in females whereas in males prevalence of smoker’smelanosis was highest among all oromucosal lesions.

Evaluation of effect of smoking on myocardial injury and prognosis in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective • To investigate the influence of smoking on acute myocardial injury and long-term prognosis in the patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infraction (STEMI) by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). Methods • Three hundred and forty-nine STEMI patients were retrospectively selected from a prospective cohort from May 2012 to August 2017, and were followed up for at least 2 years. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause death, reinfarction and stroke. The secondary endpoint was heart failure rehospitalization. The patients were divided into smoker group and non-smoker group according to the baseline status of smoking which was recorded at admission. The difference in the incidence of endpoint events was further analyzed in combination with the presence or absence of intramyocardial hemorrhage (IMH) between the two groups. Results • There were 221 patients in the smoker group, accounting for 63.3% of the total sample. The average age of onset in smokers were 4.66 years earlier than nonsmokers. However, smokers showed a lower incidence of left ventricular thrombosis and lower levels of brain natriuretic peptide than non-smokers (P=0.023, P=0.000). There was no difference in the left ventricular ejection fraction between the two groups (P>0.05), but the smokers had a better endsystolic and end-diastolic volume index (P=0.019, P=0.007). Smokers and non-smokers had similar clinical outcomes of all-cause death, reinfarction and stroke (P>0.05). The incidence of heart failure rehospitalization in smokers was quite lower than that of the non-smokers, but this kind of protective effect disappeared after differences in baseline being adjusted (P=0.167). In the patients with IMH, smoking had a protective effect on primary endpoints (HR=0.266, P=0.008), but in the patients without IMH, smokers had a worse outcome of all-cause death and reinfarction than non-smokers (P=0.024). Conclusion • In patients with STEMI, smoking has no protective effect on long-term prognosis. When IMH appears in STEMI patients, smoking has a protective effect on all-cause death, reinfarction and stoke. However, in patients without IMH, smokers have a worse prognosis than non-smokers.

Petiveria alliacea, a plant used in Afro-Brazilian smoke rituals, triggers pulmonary inflammation in rats

Abstract Petiveria alliacea L., Phytolaccaceae, a plant used in Afro-Brazilian religious smoke rituals is reported to have "harmonic properties" (anxiolytic effect) by ethnobotanical survey. In the present work, we analyzed the chemical composition of volatiles produced by leaves of P. alliacea, using headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and its potential anxiolytic and toxic effects in smoke-exposed rats. Locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior were allocated into groups, according to substance administration: acute (locomotor activity) or chronic (anxiety-like behavior) burning charcoal or to smoke from P. alliacea. Inflammatory cell counts in the bronchoalveolar lavage and morphometric analysis in airway were assessed. Animals exposed to P. alliacea smoke had no locomotor activity or elevated plus maze open arm exploration impairment, while lungs had lower number of macrophages in bronchoalveolar fluid and an increased number of mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells in the peribronchovascular region. Chemical analysis of plant material allowed the identification of dimethylsulfide (18.7%), diethylsulfide (33.4%) and nerolidol (25.8%) as main volatile compounds. Taken together, prolonged exposure to P. alliacea smoke does not induce anxiolytic effects, but histological analyses indicate a possible pulmonary inflammatory response.

A Study of the Clinical, Pathological and Radiological Profile of Lung Cancer in Non-Smokers

Aim and Objective: To study the clinical, pathological andradiological profile of lung cancer in non-smokers in a tertiarycare center.Methods: 53 non-smokers diagnosed with lung cancerattending the Department of Respiratory Medicine, KingGeorge’s Medical College from September 2015 to August2017 were enrolled. Record of all diagnostic investigations andprocedures performed namely transthoracic fine needleaspiration cytology (FNAC) and biopsy, bronchoscopy,thoracoscopy, closed pleural biopsy, lymph-node FNAC andbiopsy, routine blood and sputum examinations and a detailedhistory were obtained. Data was analysed retrospectively.Results: The mean age of presentation was 53.8±11.6 years.Majority were females (60.4%). Most common presentingsymptom was cough (84.9%). Mean duration of symptoms was6.9 months. Pallor was the most common clinical examinationfinding (41.5%). Mass with effusion was the most commonradiological lesion (45.3%). 22.6% masses were centrallylocated. Transthoracic biopsy could diagnose 32 (60.4%)cases. Adenocarcinoma was the most common type in bothmales (76.2%) and females (78.1%). Epidermal growth factorreceptor (EGFR) mutation was positive in 46.3% ofadenocarcinoma. Exon 19 deletion was the more commonmutation.Conclusion: Lung cancer among never smokers is a distinctclass with risk factors and genetic features discrete from thoseassociated with tobacco smoke. Indoor air pollutants as well asETS are definitely implicated risk factors. Targetable mutationsare commoner in non-smokers and hence mutation testingshould always be done in such patients. It is important toconduct studies about the diverse characteristics of this entityto consolidate our knowledge of this growing group of cancer.

Epidemiology of lung cancer in a tertiary health-care center: A retrospective study

Background: Lung cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed worldwide. Tobacco smoking is the most important environmental factor associated with the development of lung cancer. However, a large number of patients with lung cancer have no history of smoking frequently among female patients. There are no enough data in Eastern India regarding epidemiological study of lung cancer. Objectives: The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence and pattern of lung cancer in our institution (NRS Medical College and Hospital). Materials and Methods: Our study was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data for newly diagnosed adult patients. All patients were registered only after lung cancer diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological and/or cytological examination. The following information was collected from the database such as age, sex, smoking status and histological type, disease location, and stage. Results: A number of male patients were 786 (82%) and a number of female patients were 172 (18%). 692 (72.2%) patients had a history of smoking and 266 (27.8%) patients had no history of smoking in their life. Among the non-smoker patients, female patients were 147 (55.3%) and male patients were 119 (44.7%). 80% of patients came from rural areas and 20% of patients came from urban areas. In our study; histologically, the adenocarcinoma was 398 (41.6%) found most prevalent which is followed by squamous cell carcinoma 365 (38.1%). Conclusion: Adenocarcinoma lung with the right upper lobe involvement was prevalent in our study and non-smoker female patients were predominant. The major etiological factor was smoking. Awareness in the society is needed about cancerous effect of tobacco smoking for reducing the incidence of lung cancer.

Free gingival graft: An effective technique to create healthy keratinised gingiva

The high labial frenal attachment in mandibular anterior segment is most commonly associated with inadequate width of attached gingiva. Insufficient attached gingiva contributed to the difficulty in oral hygiene maintenance and ultimately poor gingival health. Frenectomy, vestibular extension and gingival augmentation procedures either alone or in combination are often required to maintain adequate health of the gingiva. Clinical relevance Inadequate width of keratinised gingiva contributed to the difficulty in oral hygiene maintenance and ultimately poor gingival health. Frenotomy with free gingival graft (FGG) technique is most predictable in these situations. Objective To highlight the importance of keratinised gingiva and overview of the FGG technique.

Factors Affecting Smoking Cessation Success of Heavy Smokers Registered in the Intensive Care Smoking Cessation Camp (Data from the National Tobacco Control Center)

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors involved in the success of smoking cessation in heavy smokers enrolled in an intensive care smoking cessation camp program. METHODS: Heavy smokers enrolled in the program were classified into a success (n = 69) or failure (n = 29) group, according to whether they maintained smoking cessation for 6 months after the end of the program. Demographics, smoking behaviors, and smoking cessation-related characteristics were analyzed. RESULTS: Statistically significantly more participants in the success group had a spouse (98.6%; p = 0.008) compared with participants in the failure group (82.8%). However, multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that having a spouse was not an independent factor in smoking cessation (p = 0.349). A significant difference in the frequency of counseling between the success and failure groups was observed (p = 0.001), with 72.5% of those who received counseling on 3–5 occasions for 6 months after the end of program successfully quit smoking, indicating that those who received more counseling had a higher likelihood of smoking cessation success. This was confirmed as an independent factor by multivariate logistic regression (p < 0.005). Furthermore, a graduate school level of education or higher, indicated a statistically greater success rate compared to those that were less well educated (p = 0.043). This was also observed as a significant independent factor using multivariate logistic regression (p = 0.046). CONCLUSION: Education level, marital status, and the number of counseling sessions were significant factors contributing to smoking cessation success.

A clinical study of COPD in elderly with special reference to HRCT chest and PFT

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is defined as a preventable and treatable lung disease with some significant extra-pulmonary effects. Pulmonary component is characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible, usually progressive and associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lung to noxious particles and gases. Elderly patients are more prone to COPD due to the reduction in the immune power along with the muscle weakness of the chest wall and bone weakness. Aim and objectives: To study the COPD in elderly with reference to HRCT chest and PFT, to study the pattern of pulmonary involvement in COPD in elderly. Materials and methods: It was Prospective observational study. Study population was elderly patients (age ≥60 years) detected having COPD (both in-patient and out-patient) attending MGM Hospital for treatment. Detailed history was taken from patient, particularly history of symptoms like fever, cough, shortness of breath, weight loss, night sweat etc. Thorough physical examination of all the systems with special emphasis on respiratory system was done. Results: Total 50 patients were enrolled in the study. Majority of the patients (44%) were in the age group of 60-70 years followed by 32% in the age groups of 70-80 years and 24% patients in the age group of >80 years. The mean age of the patients was 72.76±7.58 years. There was male preponderance (72%) in the study. Majority of the male patients were smokers (61%). Dyspnoea (76%), cough (68%), sputum production (64%) were the common symptoms. Centriacinar emphysema (34%) was mostly observed. FEV1/FVC ratio ranged from 38-89% (mean 62.9+/- 18.52%) preinhalation, ranged from 45% to 90% (mean 69.26±15.08) post-inhalation. Conclusion: HRCT showed regional assessment of compartment involved and has greater sensitivity than chest radiography in early diagnosis of emphysema.

Analysis of Fifty Hotspot Mutations of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Never-smokers

Smoking is the major risk factor for lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), although a small number of lung SCCs occurs in never-smokers. The purpose of this study was to compare 50 hotspot mutations of lung SCCs between never-smokers and smokers. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients newly diagnosed with lung SCC between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2013 in the Seoul National University Hospital. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples were used for analysis of hotspot mutations. Fifty cancer-related genes in never-smokers were compared to those in ever-smokers. Of 379 lung SCC patients, 19 (5.0%) were never-smokers. The median age of these 19 patients was 67 years (interquartile range 57–73 years), and 10 of these patients were women (52.5%). The incidence rates of stage I, II, III, and IV disease in this group were 26.4%, 5.3%, 31.6%, and 36.8%, respectively, and sequencing was performed successfully in 14 cases. In the 26 lung SCC tumor samples (12 from never-smokers and 14 from ever-smokers) sequenced using personal genome machine, the most common mutations were in TP53 (75.0%), RAS (66.7%), and STK11 (33.3%), but mutations were also found in EGFR, KIT, and PTEN. The distribution of hotspot mutations in never-smokers was similar to that in ever-smokers. There was no significant difference in overall survival between the 2 groups. The 50 hotspot mutations of lung SCC in never-smokers were similar to those of ever-smokers.

Comparison of pulmonary function between smokers and non-smokers among out patients of Raja Muthaiah Medical College and Hospital, Cuddalore District

Introduction: Cigarette smoking is one of the major causes of cancer and cardiovascular diseases leading to millions of premature deaths each year all over the world. Scientists have identified about 4,000 different substances in tobacco all of which have certain degree of toxic effects. At least 43 of them are known carcinogens. Cigarette smoking is an important and independent risk factor for atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease and peripheral vascular disorders. Apart from active smokers, passive-smokers are also prone for the development of smoking related disorders. Smoking adversely affects the concentration of the coagulation profiles which causes abnormalities in circulation. Aim and objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of smoking on coagulation profile in chronic smoking population. Materials and methods: This present study was a case‐control study conducted among 50 smokers (subjects) and 50 non‐smokers (controls) aged 20‐50. Coagulation profile markers such as Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and fibrinogen levels were estimated with standard methods. Results: The results showed that the mean values of PT and APTT of smokers were significantly prolonged compared to non-smokers (P < 0.05), while platelet and fibrinogen levels were significantly lowered in smokers compared to non-smokers (P < 0.05). PT and APTT were also significantly prolonged with increasing duration of smoking as well as number of cigarettes per day, while there was a relative decrease in platelet and fibrinogen levels with increasing duration and number per day. Conclusion: It was concluded that cigarette smoking alters PT, APTT, platelet and fibrinogen values, while age, duration of smoking and number of cigarettes per day were determinant factors to the extent of coagulation dysfunction in smokers.

Morphological and volumetric quantitative assessment of smokers by pulmonary MDCT scan and the correlation with pulmonary function / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To analyze the morphological features of smokers' lung on MDCT scan,measure the CT volumetric parameters,and explore the correlation with pulmonary functional test(PFT) indexes.Methods 59 smokers were enrolled,in which 14 were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) patients,and 39 non-smokers were chosen as control group.All subjects underwent inspiratory and expiratory phase MDCT scan and PFT.Eleven pulmonary CT features caused by smoking among three groups were analyzed and compared.The emphysema index (EI 95) and mean lung density (MLD) were measured.The correlation between above mentioned parameters and PFT indexes were analyzed.Results ①Among three groups,significant differences were found for the score and incidence of entrilobular emphysema,paraseptal emphysema and brochiectasis or bronchial wall thickness(P＜0.01).②In COPD patients,paraseptal emphysema and DLCO/VA,brochiectasis or bronchial wall thickness and DLCO SB(％P),DLCO/VA(％P),as well as EI and MEF25％ (％P),DLCO SB(％P),DLCO/VA (％P)were negatively related.In smokers without COPD,there were negative correlation between centrilobular emphysema and FEV1/FVC,MEF25％ (％ P),MEF5％ (％ P),DLCO SB (％ P),DLCO/VA (％ P),paraseptal emphysema and DLCO SB(％P),DLCO/VA(％P),brochiectasis or bronchial wall thickness and DLCO/VA(％P),as well as EI and FEV1/FVC,MEF5％ (％P),and MLD and FEV1 (％ P),MEF25％ (％ P)were positively related.Conclusion MDCT can be used to analyze smokers' pulmonary morphology,and the morphological features and volumetric parameters are good predictions for pulmonary function.

GAB2 Amplification in Squamous Cell Lung Cancer of Non-Smokers

Lung squamous cell cancer (SCC) is typically found in smokers and has a very low incidence in non-smokers, indicating differences in the tumor biology of lung SCC in smokers and non-smokers. However, the specific mutations that drive tumor growth in non-smokers have not been identified. To identify mutations in lung SCC of non-smokers, we performed a genetic analysis using arrays comparative genomic hybridization (ArrayCGH). We analyzed 19 patients with lung SCC who underwent surgical treatment between April 2005 and April 2015. Clinical characteristics were reviewed, and DNA was extracted from fresh frozen lung cancer specimens. All of copy number alterations from ArrayCGH were validated using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) copy number variation (CNV) data of lung SCC. We examined the frequency of copy number changes according to the smoking status (non-smoker [n = 8] or smoker [n = 11]). We identified 16 significantly altered regions from ArrayCGH data, three gain and four loss regions overlapped with the TCGA lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) patients. Within these overlapped significant regions, we detected 15 genes that have been reported in the Cancer Gene census. We also found that the proto-oncogene GAB2 (11q14.1) was significantly amplified in non-smokers patients and vice versa in both ArrayCGH and TCGA data. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that GAB2 protein was relatively upregulated in non-smoker than smoker tissues (37.5% vs. 9.0%, P = 0.007). GAB2 amplification may have an important role in the development of lung SCC in non-smokers. GAB2 may represent a potential biomarker for lung SCC in non-smokers.

Gene mutation discovery research of non-smoking lung cancer patients due to indoor radon exposure

Although the incidence and mortality for most cancers such as lung and colon are decreasing in several countries, they are increasing in several developed countries because of an unhealthy western lifestyles including smoking, physical inactivity and consumption of calorie-dense food. The incidences for lung and colon cancers in a few of these countries have already exceeded those in the United States and other western countries. Among them, lung cancer is the main cause of cancer death in worldwide. The cumulative survival rate at five years differs between 13 and 21 % in several countries. Although the most important risk factors are smoking for lung cancer, however, the increased incidence of lung cancer in never smokers(LCINS) is necessary to improve knowledge concerning other risk factors. Environmental factors and genetic susceptibility are also thought to contribute to lung cancer risk. Patients with lung adenocarcinoma who have never smoking frequently contain mutation within tyrosine kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) gene. Also, K-ras mutations are more common in individuals with a history of smoking use and are related with resistance to EFGR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Recently, radon(Rn), natural and noble gas, has been recognized as second common reason of lung cancer. In this review, we aim to know whether residential radon is associated with an increased risk for developing lung cancer and regulated by several genetic polymorphisms.

Analysis on factors associated with intention to quit smoking in pre-pregnancy male smokers in four cities of Zhejiang / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective To explore the determinants of willingness to quit smoking among pre-pregnancy male smokers, and to provide evidence for smoking cessation strategies. Methods An intercept survey was carried out in four cities in Zhejiang, and there were 552 pre-pregnancy male smokers from 1401 newly wedded couples under investigation. Result The pre-pregnancy male smoking rate was 39.82%, and only 6.88%of pre-pregnancy male smokers were categorized as highly nicotine-dependent. The rate of recent willingness to quit smoking was 50.54%, and reasons for quitting were as follows:a planned pregnancy (62.50%), an example for children (47.70%), and objections from family members (45.22%). The tobacco knowledge among pre-pregnancy male smokers is relatively poor, only 49.64% of smokers were aware 8 points in 11 questions; 88.75% of smoker's wives supported their husband to quit smoking. The associated factors of smoking cessation include: tobacco knowledge (OR=0.38), health self-assessment well (OR=1.90), wife's willing for husband to quit smoking (OR=2.87). Conclusion Compared to ordinary people, the proportion of intention to quit smoking was higher in pre-pregnancy male smokers. To strengthen health education and make wife initiating in husband's quitting programs would be more effective.

El tabaco a la luz de la historia y la medicina / The tobacco in the light of history and medicine

Resumen: Se relata la admirable trayectoria del tabaco desde su primer encuentro con el hombre europeo el 15 de octubre de 1492 hasta la época nuestra. Dicha planta se conoció en Europa gracias a publicaciones del médico sevillano Nicolás Monardes (1574), a las relaciones de fray Andrés Thevet (1575) y al célebre tratado botánico de Charles de l' Écluse (1605). El botánico sueco Karl von Linneo incluyó la planta del tabaco en la familia de las solanáceas y se eliminaron de este grupo otras plantas que quedaban entremezcladas con esta. Su nombre botánico (Nicotiana tabacum) deriva del apellido del embajador francés en Portugal, Jean Nicot de Villemain, quien en 1560 la hizo llegar a la reina madre de Francia Catalina de Médicis. El uso del tabaco se difundió rápidamente por toda Europa, en donde se volvió común en el siglo XVII. Hacia fines del siglo XVIII en la Nueva España, además de los puros, ya se confeccionaban los cigarrillos que se vendían en cajetillas de diferente contenido y precio. La confección de las variadas formas de presentación del tabaco, realizadas en las fábricas tabacaleras de la capital novohispana y de varias ciudades de provincia, originó en 1796 la creación de las primeras guarderías infantiles para los hijos de quienes trabajaban en ellas. Esto gracias a la feliz iniciativa del entonces virrey Marqués de Branciforte. Pero contrariamente a las previsiones del padre Clavijero S.J. y de la señora Calderón de la Barca, esposa del primer representante diplomático español ante el gobierno de la República Mexicana, el uso del tabaco, con el pasar del tiempo, lejos de menguar ha ido aumentando en todas las clase sociales. Y ahora, más que los hombres, fuman las mujeres.

Abstract: Super trajectory is reported of tobacco from his first meeting with the European man October 15, 1492. This plant was known in Europe by the publications of the Sevillan physician Nicolas Monardes (1574), the relations of friar Andrés Thevet (1575) and the famous botanical treatise of Charles de l'Écluse (1605). The Swedish botanist Karl Linnaeus inclused tobacco plant in the family Solanaceae and deleted from this group other plants that were intermixed with it. Its botanical name (Nicotiana tabacum) derived from the surname of the French ambassador to Portugal, Jean Nicot of Villemain, who in 1560 sent it to the Queen Mother of France Cathérine de Medicis. The use of snuff quickly spread throughout Europe, were it became common in the seventeenth century. By the late eighteenth century in New Spain, in addition to cigars, cigarettes and due in packs of different content the tobacco is concocted and price. The preparation of the different presentations of snuff, tobacco made in factories in the capital and several provincial cities, originated in 1796 the creation of the first kindergartens for the children of those working in them. This thanks to the successful initiative of then viceroy Marquis of Branciforte. But contrary to the forecasts of Father F. J. Clavijero and Mrs. F. Calderón de la Barca, wife of the first Spanish diplomatic representative to the government of Mexico, the use of tobacco, with the passage of time, far from waning has been increasing in every social class. And now, more than men, women are smokers.