EMPOWERMENT OF FISHER-FOLK IN KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT

The main aim of the study is to study the socio-cultural empowerment of fisher-folk and the economic empowerment of fisher-folk in Kanyakumari district. Primary data has been used in this paper. Primary data were collected on the basis of questionnaire prepared on the light of the objectives of the study. The sizes of the samples are 150 fisher-folk. These sample respondents were selected by taking 30 from five villages of the study area. These samples were selected purposively. The questionnaire was designed with two main characteristics viz., open ended and close ended according to the nature of information. Collected data were analyzed through the use of various statistical tools like ANOVA. The data were analyzed in order to make the study more informative and useful to the readers. It is found that the important socio-cultural empowerment among the fisher-folk are in the age group of 20 to 30 years are attending cultural programmes and exercising the voting rights. Among the fisher-folk are in the age group of above 50 years, the important socio-cultural empowerment are extending the support for social causes and participation in the awareness programmes to eradicate anti social activities. Age wise there is a significant difference in the socio-cultural empowerment are identified in the case of participation in social programmes, attending social functions, exercising the voting rights and attending cultural programmes

Componentes socioculturales y ambientales que inciden en el ecoturismo comunitario / Socio-cultural and environmental components affecting community-based ecotourism / Componentes socioculturais e ambientais que influenciam o ecoturismo baseado na comunidade

RESUMEN El ecoturismo tiene crecimiento constante en el mundo por el favorecimiento económico, conservación y protección del ambiente. El objetivo del articulo es analizar los componentes socioculturales y ambientales que inciden en el ecoturismo comunitario. Se realizó una exploración documental a partir de artículos, libros y capítulos de libro de la base de datos de citaciones y resúmenes Scopus, mediante la búsqueda de categorias: ecoturismo, relaciones y elementos. El periodo de consulta fue entre los años 20I5 al 202I. Solo se consideraron los trabajos publicados en inglés, español y português, la muestra final fue de 98 documentos. Los resultados exponen las tendências actuales de las investigaciones en ecoturismo comunitario: sus impactos positivos y negativos, elementos socioculturales en capital cultural y condiciones y estilos de vida; ambientales como capacidad de carga y educación ambiental; las relaciones con las políticas, tendencias de los lugares de producción como China y Malasia, y la tecnologia implementada en servicios y productos. En conclusión, el ecoturismo es heterogêneo, busca equilibrio entre lo económico, ambiental y cultural. La participación comunitaria, gestión y planeación, educación ambiental, políticas de apoyo y TIC son esenciales.

ABSTRACT Ecotourism is growing steadily around the world for its economic benefits, conservation, and environmental protection. The article aims to analyze the socio-cultural and environmental components that have an impact on community-based ecotourism. A documentary exploration was carried out using articles, books, and book chapters from the Scopus database of citations and abstracts, by searching for categories: ecotourism, relationships, and elements of ecotourism. The consultation period was from 20I5 to 202I. Only papers published in English, Spanish and Portuguese were considered, the final sample was 98 papers. The results expose current trends in community-based ecotourism research: their positive and negative impacts, socio-cultural elements in cultural capital and living conditions and lifestyles; environmental elements such as carrying capacity and environmental education; relationships with policies, trends in production sites such as China and Malaysia, and technology implemented in services and products. In conclusion, ecotourism is heterogeneous, seeking a balance between economic, environmental, and cultural aspects. Community participation, management and planning, environmental education, policy support, and ICT are essential.

RESUMO O ecoturismo está a crescer constantemente em todo o mundo pelos seus benefícios económicos, conservação e protecção ambiental. O objectivo deste artigo é analisar as componentes socioculturais e ambientais que influenciam o ecoturismo baseado na comunidade. Foi realizada uma exploração documental utilizando artigos, livros e capítulos de livros da base de dados Scopus de citações e resumos, procurando categorias: ecoturismo, relações e elementos. O período de consulta foi de 20I5 a 202I. Apenas foram considerados artigos publicados em inglês, espanhol e português, a amostra final foi de 98 documentos. Os resultados expõem as actuais tendências de investigação em ecoturismo de base comunitária: os seus impactos positivos e negativos, elementos socioculturais no capital cultural e condições e estilos de vida; elementos ambientais como a capacidade de carga e educação ambiental; relações com políticas, tendências em locais de produção como a China e Malásia, e tecnologia implementada em serviços e produtos. Em conclusão, o ecoturismo é heterogéneo, procurando o equilíbrio entre económico, ambiental e cultural. A participação comunitária, gestão e planeamento, educação ambiental, apoio político e TIC são essenciais.

Contexto sociocultural y construcción de identidades en jóvenes de escuelas rurales / Sociocultural context and construction of identities in young people from rural schools

La investigación tiene como objetivo comprender la incidencia de los contextos socioculturales en la cons-trucción de identidades en jóvenes rurales, a través del análisis etnográfico hermenéutico del discurso en estudiantes y un profesor de una institución pública rural de Cundinamarca, Colombia. El estudio fue desarrollado desde un enfoque cualitativo, a través de la etnografía hermenéutica con estudio de caso, con la participación de 16 estudiantes con edades entre los 11 y 15 años, de sexto a noveno de educación básica secundaria, y 1 docente del modelo educativo telesecundaria. Se utilizaron instrumentos y técnicas de recolección de información cualitativas (el protocolo esperanzas y temores, la entrevista estructurada, los relatos de vida y la cartografía social). Los resultados muestran que los contextos socioculturales afectan la enseñanza, el aprendizaje y la construcción de identidades en los jóvenes rurales y que se requieren currículos contextualizados, construidos desde el reconocimiento de los territorios, la comprensión del entorno sociocultural y del trato diferenciado entre las poblaciones, según las condiciones de vulnerabilidad de cada persona, desde una mirada intercultural

The research aims to understand the incidence of sociocultural contexts in the construction of identities in rural youth, through the hermeneutical ethnographic analysis of discourse in students and a teacher in a rural public institution in Cundinamarca Colombia. The study was developed from a qualitative approach, through hermeneutic ethnography with a case study, with the participation of 16 students between the ages of 11 and 15 from sixth to ninth grade of basic secondary education and 1 teacher of the telesecondary educational model. Qualitative information collection tools and techniques were used (the Hopes and Fears protocol, the structured interview, life stories and social cartography). The results show how sociocultural contexts affect teaching, learning and identity construction in rural youth. Contextualized curricula are required, built from the recognition of the territories, the understanding of the sociocultural environment and the differential treatment between populations, according to the vulnerability conditions of each person and from an intercultural perspective

Socio-cultural factors influencing teenage pregnancy in the East Mamprusi Municipality, Ghana

Teenage pregnancy puts a heavy cost on the mother and newborn child, family and the wider society. Despite measures taken by the Ghana Health Service to tackle the issue of teenage pregnancy, the phenomenon remains a public health concern that is widespread throughout the country. The study investigated the socio-cultural factors influencing teenage pregnancy in the East Mamprusi Municipality using an exploratory descriptive design. The study was conducted in rural communities in the East Mamprusi Municipality, in the North East Region of Ghana. Eighteen (18) participants were purposively sampled. Data collection was done by face to face interviews using an interview guide. The study found that polygamous families, parents' desire for grandchildren, multiple sexual partners and poverty were reportedly influencing teenage pregnancy in the rural community. The bid to establish close family ties also accounted for early marriages. There is a culture of silence on matters of sexuality in the community. Teenage pregnancy is an observed phenomenon admitted by the participants and teenage girls are at risk of serious health complications. This phenomenon paints a gloomy picture of the girl child education in the municipality. (Afr J Reprod Health 2022; 26[5]: 120-130).

Dhat Syndrome: a socio-cultural perspective

Dhat syndrome is a culture bound syndrome originating in the Indian sub-continent. Various cultures or religions have discussed about ill effects of semen loss and anxiety related to semen loss is one of the core symptoms of Dhat syndrome. It is found to be most prevalent among young men coming from rural background with poor education. Further, Dhat syndrome has been associated with comorbid depression, anxiety and substance abuse. Management of Dhat syndrome includes combination of psychoeducation, sex education, medications and psychotherapy. This paper intends to provide and the place the origins of Dhat syndrome in culture context and discusses the socio-cultural factors that tends maintain it.

Factors Associated with Non-adherence to Anti-Retroviral Therapy among Clients in Lodwar County and Referral Hospital, Turkana County, Kenya

Patient, Health-facility and Socio-cultural related factors associated with non-adherence have contributed to poor management of ART among HIV/AIDS clients. In Lodwar County and Referral Hospital, Turkana County, a significantly high number of clients on ARV therapy have defaulted treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors associated with non-adherence to anti-retroviral treatment in Lodwar County and Referral Hospital (LCRH), Turkana, Kenya. The study was guided by cross sectional descriptive study design where qualitative and quantitative data were collected. The research instruments used for data collection consisted of structured questionnaires, interview schedules among clients on ARV therapy and documents analysis. The sample size was obtained using the modified Fishers formula at 95% level of confidence. The Statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. The findings in the study revealed that there are many patient, health system and socio-cultural related factors associated with non-adherence. From the study document analysis at LCRH there should be 5243 people on ARVs, however, as at January 2018 there were 1551 (30%) who were actively on ARVs this shows that there is 70 % default rate. The study found that, Patients’ related factors that are causing non-adherence include; lack of education, lack of support, the distance to facility, lack of food, the side effects, alcohol use among many others. The study concluded that, health facility should improve their service delivery to the patients, change attitude and conduct adherence counseling. There is need to sensitize the community members to accept the HIV+ people to enable them express their health issues. They should support them and ensure that they are trained on how to use ARVs and not seek the tradition herbs and medicine men

Societal Determinants of Anemia among Women of Reproductive Age and Role of Community Pharmacist for Its Management

Aims:To studysocietal determinants of anemia among women of reproductive age (WRA) and elaborate the role of community pharmacist for its management. Study Design:To investigatethe societal determinants of anemia, a cross-sectional study was conducted in the Muzaffarabad district of AJK, Pakistan.Methodology:We collected the data from 384 women of reproductive age (15-49 years) having at least one child using a self-constructed interview schedule.The population sample size was calculated using Krejcie formula and purposive sampling was used for data collection. Two hospitals, Abbas Institute of Medical Sciences and combined military hospital Muzaffarabad were selected for blood samples to screen the hemoglobin (Hb) level of the respondents and data collection. Univariate analysis was performed to examine the frequency distributions and percentages of cases depending on a single variable at a time. The bivariate analysis was performed usingchi-square test to determine empirical relationship between the anemia severity and socio-cultural risk factors of this ailment. The odd ratios were computed to investigate the odds of occurrence of anemia among respondents. The results were considered statistically significant at significance level ≤ 0.05. Results:The findings revealed that prevalence of mild, moderate and severe anemia are 26.3%, 40.9% and 14.3% respectively among WRA, which showsthat anemia is a significant health problem from public health perspective in the region. Major contributing factors are respondent’s and her husband’s education, age at marriage, number of pregnancies, knowledge about balanced diet and anemia, male preference in food intake and violence.Conclusion:Anemia is a multifactorial problem among WRA in the study population, which can be dealt with using an integrated approach by combating malnutrition, provision of adequate healthcare, quality education and devising strategies for avoiding domestic violence. The community pharmacists can play an effective role to educate people about the selection of iron supplementation for adequate management of anemia among WRA

Contribuições técnicas e socioculturais da prevenção quaternária para a atenção primária à saúde: caminhos e desafios / Technical and socio-cultural contributions of quaternary prevention for primary health care: paths and challenges / Contribuciones técnicas y socioculturales de prevención cuaternaria para la atención primaria de salud: caminos y desafíos

Introdução: No contexto do Sistema Único de Saúde, o conceito da prevenção quaternária adentra timidamente os níveis de atenção à saúde, no entanto, sofre expansão significativa no âmbito da atenção primária à saúde. Objetivo: Identificar por meio da sistematização de evidências científicas, as contribuições técnicas e socioculturais da prevenção quaternária no âmbito da atenção primária à saúde no Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de estudos presentes nas bases de dados científicas da Scientific Electronic Library Online, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, biblioteca virtual da Comissão de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal do Nível Superior e MEDLINE via PubMed com a utilização dos descritores "prevenção quaternária" e "atenção primária à saúde", em inglês e português. Resultados: O corpus de análise foi composto por 22 artigos, sendo que a produção científica sobre o tema se deu de forma mais intensa a partir do ano de 2015 e, em sua maioria, possuíam como abordagem metodológica ensaios teóricos. Dentre as contribuições técnicas destacaram-se a introdução do ensino da prevenção quaternária de modo continuado aos graduandos e profissionais; a construção de protocolos e documentos de amparo profissional; a utilização de modelos explicativos dinâmicos na socialização do quadro clínico; a conduta profissional com os usuários e as contribuições socioculturais envolvendo mudanças na percepção profissional e comunitária sobre o fenômeno saúde-doença, assim como o incentivo a práticas de desmedicalização sociocultural em relação à dor, incapacidade, desconforto, envelhecimento, nascimento e morte. Conclusão: Apesar do reconhecimento das potencialidades da prevenção quaternária, faz-se necessário fortalecer estratégias que possibilitem o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas para fomentar e gerenciar alianças estratégicas com tomadores de decisão, profissionais de saúde e cidadãos, para fomentar a redução de diagnósticos e tratamentos excessivos, contribuindo com a qualidade do cuidado.

Introduction: In the context of the Unified Health System, the concept of quaternary prevention shyly enters the levels of health care, however, undergoes significant expansion in the scope of primary health care. Objective: To identify, through the systematization of scientific evidence, the technical and socio-cultural contributions of quaternary prevention within the scope of primary health care in Brazil. Methods: This is an integrative review of studies present in the scientific databases of the Scientific Electronic Library Online, Regional Portal of the Virtual Health Library of the Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information of the Pan American Health Organization, virtual library of the Higher Education Personnel Improvement Commission, and MEDLINE through PubMed using the descriptors "quaternary prevention" and "primary health care", in English and Portuguese. Results: The corpus of analysis consisted of 22 articles, and the scientific production on the topic took place more intensively from the year 2015 and, for the most part, had theoretical essays as methodological approach. Among the technical contributions, we highlight the introduction of teaching on quaternary prevention in a continuous way to undergraduates and professionals; the construction of protocols and documents of professional support; the use of dynamic explanatory models in the socialization of the clinical picture and professional conduct with users and socio-cultural contributions involve changes in the professional and community perception about the phenomenon of illness and health conception, as well as the incentive to practices of socio-cultural demedicalization in relation to pain, disability, discomfort, aging, birth, and death. Conclusion: Despite the recognition of the potential of quaternary prevention, it is necessary to strengthen strategies that enable the development of public policies to foster and manage strategic alliances with decision makers, health professionals and citizens, to promote the reduction of excessive diagnoses and treatments, contributing to the quality of care.

Introducción: En el contexto del Sistema Único de Salud, el concepto de prevención cuaternaria entra tímidamente en los niveles de atención de salud, sin embargo, experimenta una expansión significativa en el alcance de la Atención Primaria de Salud. Objetivo: Identificar, a través de la sistematización de evidencia científica, las contribuciones técnicas y socioculturales de la prevención cuaternaria en el ámbito de la Atención Primaria de Salud en Brasil. Métodos: Esta es una revisión integradora de estudios presentes en las bases de datos científicas de la Biblioteca Electrónica Científica en línea, Portal Regional de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud del Centro Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Información en Ciencias de la Salud de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud, biblioteca virtual de la Comisión de Mejoramiento del Personal de Educación Superior y MEDLINE a través de PubMed utilizando los descriptores de prevención cuaternaria y atención primaria de salud, en inglés y portugués. Resultados: El corpus de análisis estuvo conformado por 22 artículos, siendo la producción científica sobre el tema más intensiva desde 2015 y, en su mayor parte, tuvo ensayos teóricos como abordaje metodológico. Entre los aportes técnicos, destacamos la implantación de la docencia en prevención cuaternaria de forma continua a estudiantes de pregrado y profesionales; construcción de protocolos y documentos de apoyo profesional, uso de modelos explicativos dinámicos en la socialización del cuadro clínico y conducta profesional con los usuarios y los aportes socioculturales implican cambios en la percepción profesional y comunitaria sobre el fenómeno de la enfermedad y la concepción de la salud, así como el incentivo a prácticas de desmedicalización sociocultural en relación al dolor, discapacidad, malestar, envejecimiento, nacimiento y muerte. Conclusión: A pesar del reconocimiento del potencial de la prevención cuaternaria, es necesario fortalecer estrategias que permitan el desarrollo de políticas públicas para fomentar y gestionar alianzas estratégicas con los tomadores de decisiones, profesionales de la salud y ciudadanos, para promover la reducción de diagnósticos y tratamientos excesivos, contribuyendo a la calidad de la atención.

Socio-cultural factors influencing the buying commercial homosexual sex behaviors among young homosexual/bisexual men / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To investigate the buying commercial homosexual sex behaviors among young gay men/bisexual men, and analyze the socio-cultural factors influencing the buying commercial homosexual sex behaviors. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed on risk sexual behaviors for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) with an anonymous questionnaire among 824 young homosexual/bisexual men in Guiyang City, Zunyi City, Anshun City and Tongren City of Guizhou Province in 2016. Respondents were selected by a classified snowball sampling method combined with an interview at AIDS voluntary consultation and testing clinics. Results About 7.8%(95% CI：5.9%-9.6%)of respondents reported the buying commercial homosexual sex behaviors in the last year. The report rate was 13.0% for homosexual men, higher than 5.7% for bisexual men (P＜0.001). The influencing factors of the buying commercial homosexual sex behaviors were average monthly income (OR=6.54, P=0.005), age (OR=3.59, P=0.011), age of liking the same-sex (OR=2.85, P=0.004), marital status (OR=2.62, P=0.005), household registration (OR=2.38, P=0.011), increased risk of oral sex (OR=0.42, P=0.019), possibility of HIV infection (P＜0.005), and the dusckisure of sexual orientation (OR=0.17, P=0.001). Conclusions Young homosexual/bisexual men, especially bisexual men, had a higher report rate of the buying commercial homosexual sex behaviors. The socio-cultural factors influencing the buying commercial homosexual sex behaviors included age of liking the same-sex, increased risk of oral sex, possibility of HIV infection, and the disclosure of sexual orientation.

Body image perception, eating attitude and influence of media among undergraduate students of medical college in Delhi: a cross sectional study

Background: Body image perception is being shaped by unrealistic ideals portrayed in the media. Body dissatisfaction is one of the most consistent and robust risk factors for eating disorders, low self-esteem, depression, and obesity. Therefore, the objective of the current study is to ascertain the body image perception, abnormal eating attitudes and the role of media among undergraduate students of a medical college in Delhi, India.Methods: Cross-sectional study on 370 undergraduate medical students of Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India selected using stratified random sampling. India. Students completed a self-administered questionnaire which consist of demographic information, perceived body image, Eating Attitudes test (EAT-26) to assess eating attitudes, Socio Cultural Attitude Towards Appearance Questionnaire 3(SATAQ-3) scale for the role of media on body image perception. Data was analyzed using SPSS v21.Results: A total of 370 students (57.6% males and 42.4% females) aged 17-30 years, mean age of 20.30 years±2.02(SD). Abnormal body image perception was seen in 35.4%, 21.1% had abnormal eating attitude (EAT-26≥20), 36.5%, 40.5% agreed to be influenced by models and athletic figures in media respectively, 42.2% accepted that media was their source of information regarding standards of attractiveness, 27.6% felt pressured to be attractive according to SATAQ-3. Males more than females had disordered eating attitudes and felt media pressure to achieve an ideal body image. Significant association was observed between age and perceived body image (p=0.033), gender and EAT-26 score (p=0.039), EAT 26 and perceived body image (p=0.006), general internalization of media and perceived body image (p=0.003), internalization-general, internalization-athlete, media as source of information and EAT-26 score (<0.001, 0.001, 0.003 respectively).Conclusions: The media should take more responsibility to not represent unrealistic ideals of body image concerning both males and females. Educational and preventive efforts at institutional levels should be made to promote a healthy body image and eating behaviours.

Socio-cultural practices related to mother and child health in Mewat, Haryana, India

Background: Mothers and young children bear the burden of high morbidity and high mortality due to various socio-economic and cultural reasons complicated by illiteracy, unawareness, ignorance, and lack of access to health care services. Objective of this study was to discuss the perspectives of women from villages of Mewat, Haryana in India on mother and child health in the context of their socio-cultural norms, practices and assess their information needs related to pregnancy, child birth and child care.Methods: The study design was qualitative and descriptive in nature. FGDs were conducted in four villages in Mewat district of Haryana with approximately 100 community women who were either pregnant or mothers of at least one child in 0-2 years. Through these FGDs, their responses were documented on prevalent socio-cultural norms and practices about antenatal care, institutional delivery, diet during pregnancy and post-partum, breastfeeding, immunization, family planning etc.Results: Majority of women were unaware of the healthy behaviours and desired practices for optimal pregnancy outcomes due to their limited exposure and unavailability of authentic sources of information. They seemed to be unable to follow the right practices because of poor socio-economic status, patriarchal structure with resultant gender dynamics and religious norms, overwork and pre-conceived socio-cultural norms which impede their health seeking behaviour.Conclusions: Knowledge on healthy practices during pregnancy, child birth and child care can promote health seeking behaviour amongst women along with optimal pregnancy outcomes. However, majority of women were unaware about such healthy practices. Hence, it is important to raise awareness amongst women to ensure mother and child health.

Socio-cultural determinants of open defecation in rural households of Perambalur district, Tamil Nadu

Background: In many areas of the world, including India, open defecation still remains the predominant norm and poses one of the biggest threats to the health of the people particularly in rural areas.Objectives were to study the prevalence and socio-cultural determinants of open defecation in rural area of Perambalur district.Methods: The present cross-sectional was done in a three randomly selected villages falling under rural field practice area of Department of Community Medicine of Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Medical College and Hospital in Perambalur district (Tamil Nadu). Data was collected on 330 houses using pre-tested interview schedule developed using SBM-G questionnaire/schedule for ODF verification for household surveys which was modified for present study. Statistical analysis was done using Epi Info version 7 software.Results: Most (89.1%) of the study participants were above 30 years of age. Majority of respondents (39.4%) were illiterate. Prevalence of open defecation was 78.8%. Only 70 (21.2%) houses were using household sanitary latrines. Various reasons reported for open defecation were unawareness about availability of public latrine (41.5%), inadequate water (15.3%), insufficient space for latrine construction (16.9%), inadequate money (10%), considering open defecation better (16.6%) and caste based discrimination (0.4%). The study found sex, education and occupation of head of family to be significantly associated with open defecation.Conclusions: This study highlights the need for implementation well planned behavior change communication strategy to stop the menace of open defecation.

Assessment of menstrual hygiene management practices and associated socio-cultural restrictions among adolescent school girls in a rural area of North India

Background: There is inadequate information on menstrual hygiene management practices and socio-cultural restrictions among adolescent girls in developing countries. The objective of the present study was to assess the menstrual hygiene management practices and associated socio-cultural restrictions among adolescent school girls.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among adolescent school girls 10 to 19 years of age, who had attained menarche, in a rural area of district Barabanki. Total 640 adolescent girls were included in the study, and information was recorded on a predesigned and pretested interview schedule. Relevant statistical analysis was done and significant associations were found.Results: 60.5% of the girls were using sanitary pads, and 71.4% took bath during their periods. 41.3% of the girls used to change pads during schools. Unsatisfactory menstrual hygiene management practices were significantly high among girls who were from lower socioeconomic class (p<0.001) and had illiterate mothers (p<0.001). 82.8% of the girls faced religious restriction.Conclusions: Significant associations were found between menstrual hygiene management practices of adolescent school girls with their mother’s education level and socio economic status. A proper menstrual hygiene management practice is very important for every young girl to lead a healthy life and should be achieved at the beginning of their menarche by enhanced information education and communication (IEC) programmes.

Familias educadoras e instrumentos de paz: familia y escuela: un reto pendiente / Educating families and instruments of peace. Family and school: a pending challenge

La educación en valores para la paz una semilla que es urgente cosechar entre la familia y la escuela. El nuevo Acuerdo de Paz constituye una nueva Agenda nacional donde todos somos corresponsables: un nuevo Acuerdo Final para la Terminación del Conflicto y la Construcción de una Paz Estable y Duradera. Ser constructor de la paz estable y duradera significa apuntar a una educación de presente y de futuro. La guerra en la que nos destruimos la hacemos los unos contra los otros, la paz en la que nos reconstruimos la hacemos los unos con los otros. Al derecho fundamental a la educación se corresponde otro derecho igualmente fundamental: "la paz ha venido siendo calificada universalmente como un derecho humano superior, y requisito necesario para el ejercicio de todos los demás derechos y deberes de las personas y del ciudadano" (Acuerdo Final, 2016, p. 2). Todos los seres humanos tenemos derecho a ser educados para la paz. Muchas veces las guerras y los conflictos armados no consiguen alcanzar una o dos generaciones; la paz debe alcanzar todas las generaciones; las presentes y las futuras, para romper la recirculación de la violencia. Todos tenemos "derecho a una vida libre de violencia". Para ello Familia y Escuela deben trabajar en simbiosis como los primeros maestros y constructores de paz.

Education in values for peace a seed that is urgent to harvest between the family and the school. The new Peace Agreement constitutes a new national Schedule where we are all co-responsible: a new Final Agreement for the Termination of the Conflict and the Construction of a Stable and Lasting Peace. To be a stable and lasting peacebuilder means to aim at an education of the present and the future. The war in which we destroy ourselves is done against each other, the peace in which we rebuild is done with one another. The fundamental right to education corresponds to another equally fundamental right: "Peace has been universally qualified as a superior human right, and a necessary requirement for the exercise of all other rights and duties of individuals and citizens" (Final Agreement, 2016, p. 2). All human beings have the right to be educated for peace. Many times wars and armed conflicts fail to reach one or two generations; peace must reach all generations; present and future, to break the recirculation of violence. We all have "the right to a life free of violence." For this Family and School must work in symbiosis as the first teachers and builders of peace.

Universalities and Idiosyncrasies in Self-Concept: East-West and North-South / Universalidades e Idiosincracia del Autoconcepto: Este-Oeste y Norte-Sur

Abstract Self-concept has been crucial to the description of human beings since ancient times. Different authors have offered definitions and approaches to the study of the self. Many instruments have been developed to measure this multifaceted construct. However, there is great difficulty in using definitions and instruments developed in one ecosystem to describe the peoples from different cultures. In order to include the universals and idiosyn-crasies of the self, a model that takes culture into account is needed. The purpose of this article is to compare the cognitive, emotional, and motivational aspects of the self-concept in different countries representing the east-west and north-south axis, such as Mexico, Peru, Japan, China, United States and Chile, from a psycho-socio-cultural point of view. The paradigm for this purpose included descriptions and comparisons based on Hofstede´s cultural syndromes, as well as an overview of some instruments that have been used to measure the construct. The discussion focuses on the importance of considering culture to understand the meanings of this construct, placing emphasis on the methodological tools derived from the theoretical orientation and the attentions that must be had when making cross-cultural comparisons, be it Between countries and even within the same country. This means that we must not forget the aspects shared by cultures in the relationship with oneself (etic), but we must forget about the particular aspects (emic) or idiosyncratic aspects, which are what are finally given by the particularities to self-concept.

Resumen El auto-concepto es un constructo crucial en el estudio de los seres humanos desde la antigüedad. Diferentes autores han propuesto definiciones y acercamientos al estudio del self, así como muchos instrumentos para medir este constructo en sus diversas aproximaciones (social, académico, entre otros). Sin embargo, existe una gran problemática, la cual se asocia a el uso que tienen los instrumentos sin considerar la realidad cultural para la cual se utiliza, es decir, al describir a las personas de una cultura cuando las hemos evaluado con instrumentos desarrollado en una cultura diferente. Por lo tanto, es necesario desarrollar la discusión respecto de cuestiones universales como específicas de cada cultura en relación al autoconcepto. El propósito del presente artículo es realizar esta discusión en relación a comparar los aspectos cognitivos, emocionales y motivaciones del auto-concepto en diferentes países del este-oeste y norte sur desde una perspectiva psico-socio-cultural, los países considerados son: México, Perú, Japón, China, Estados Unidos y Chile. Para ello se incluyen descripciones y comparaciones basadas en los síndromes culturales planteados por Hofstade así como una revisión de los instrumentos que se han utilizado para medir este constructo. La discusión se centra en la importancia de considerar la cultura en el estudio del auto-concepto, haciendo énfasis en las herramientas metodológicas que se derivan de las orientaciones teóricas propuestas y de las atenciones que se deben tener a la hora de realizar comparaciones transculturales, ya sea entre países e incluso dentro de un mismo país. Esto quiere decir, que no se debe olvidar los aspectos compartidos por las culturales en relación al self (etic), pero sin caer en el olvido de los aspectos particulares (emic) o idiosincrático, que son los que finalmente le dan las particularidades al autoconcepto.

Jóvenes, grupo y arte: las personas jóvenes y el arte re-unidos / Youth, group and art. Young people and art re-united / Jovem, grupo e arte. Os jóvens e o arte re-unidos

Resumen (descriptivo): Analizamos prácticas grupales que sanan y aportan a los procesos de reconfiguración psicosocial y cambio social. Presentamos los resultados de investigación, desde una perspectiva interpretativa, de la relación entre jóvenes, grupo y arte. En particular, reflexionamos en torno a lo grupal y el arte contemporáneo en la reconfiguración de experiencias en jóvenes. Apuntalamos la metodología en la perspectiva cualitativa, por el interés en los significados de la realidad desde los sujetos. Incluimos la observación de la iniciativa juvenil Laboratorios por la Paz (Suba-Bogotá), inspirada en la técnica psicoanalítica poskleiniana Observación de bebés. La estrategia de análisis corresponde a la hermenéutica-interpretativa.El artículo concluye que ante la estigmatización que experimentan las personas jóvenes en Colombia, el grupo y el arte se configuran en estrategias de apoyo y resignificación emocional.

Abstract (descriptive): We analyze group practices that heal and contribute to the processes of psychosocial reconfiguration and social change. In this opportunity, we present the results of research from an interpretive perspective, the relationship between youth, group and art. In particular, we reflect on the group and the contemporary art in the reconfiguration of experiences in young people. The methodology was underpinned in the qualitative perspective, by the interest in the meanings of reality from the subjects. It included the observation of the Juvenile Initiative Laboratories for Peace (Suba-Bogotá), inspired by the postkleinian psychoanalytic observation of babies. The analysis strategy was hermeneutic-interpretive. The article concludes that before the stigmatization that the young people in Colombia experience, the group and the art are configured in strategies of support and emotional resignification.

Resumo (descritivo): Analizamos práticas grupales que sanan e aportan a processos de reconfiguração psicosocial e cambio social. Nesta oportunidade, apresenta os resultados de investigação de uma perspectiva interpretativa, da relação entre jóvens, grupo e arte. Em particular, reflexionamos no torno e o grupal e o arte contemporâneo na reconfiguração de experiências em jóvens. A metodologia se apuntaló na perspectiva qualitativa, pelo interesse nos significados da realidade desde os sujeitos. Incluíram a observação da iniciativa juvenil Laboratorios por a paz (Suba-Bogotá), inspirada na técnica psicoanalítica poskleiniana Observação de bebés. A estratégia de análise foi hermenéutica-interpretativa. O artigo concluye que ante a estigmatização que experimentam os jóvens na Colômbia, o grupo e a arte se configura em estratégias de apoio e resignificação emocional.

Formación de la identidad sociocultural en los estudiantes de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas

Las universidades cubanas de ciencias médicas se caracterizan por una proyección educativa humanista, donde la formación de la identidad sociocultural posibilita fortalecer el sentido de pertenencia. No obstante, constituye punto de partida de la presente investigación las insuficiencias teóricas existentes en el proceso formativo universitario en relación con la contextualización, las cuales limitan la pertinencia del desempeño de los estudiantes. El objetivo de la actual investigación radica en la elaboración de un modelo teórico para el logro de la formación de la identidad sociocultural en los estudiantes universitarios de ciencias médicas, que sea expresión de la relación entre la identificación del estudiante con el contexto histórico sociocultural y sus deberes sociales. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos como: inducción-deducción, análisis-síntesis y hermenéutico-dialéctico en la proyección teórica de la gestión universitaria. La investigación posee teóricamente la definición de procesos dialécticos en el logro de la formación identitaria de los estudiantes universitarios; siendo esto el resultado más importante. Lo cual fue valorado en talleres de socialización en los que existieron criterios positivos sobre su factibilidad y pertinencia. La preparación teórico-práctica de los futuros profesionales de la salud requiere de una visión sociocultural, donde el compromiso y la implicación social sustenten el desempeño con una dimensión cultural dirigida a fortalecer los valores identitarios que estimulen las acciones proactivas en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de las ciencias médicas.

The Cuban universities of the Medical Sciences are characterized by a humanist educational projection; where the formation of the sociocultural identity facilitates to strengthen the sense of ownership. Nevertheless it constitutes starting point of the present investigation the existent theoretical inadequacies in the process formative university student in connection with the work in the context that limit the relevancy of the acting of the students. The objective of the current inquiry resides in the elaboration of a theoretical model for the achievement of the formation of the sociocultural identity in the university students of the Medical Sciences that it is expression of the relationship among the student's identification with the sociocultural historical context and its social duties. Such theoretical methods were used as: induction-deduction, analysis-synthesis and hermeneutic-dialectical; in the study of the career of stomatology and the theoretical projection of the university administration. The investigation possesses the definition of dialectical processes theoretically in the achievement of the formation identitaria of the university students; being this the most important result. That which was valued in socialization shops, where positive approaches existed on their feasibility and relevancy. The theoretical-practical preparation of the professional futures of the health requires of a sociocultural vision, where the commitment and the social implication sustain the acting. Having a cultural dimension directed to strengthen the values identitarios that stimulate the actions pro-active in the process of teaching-learning of the Medical Sciences.

Choque y adaptación sociocultural una visión en espejo: vascos y brasileños / Clash and socio-cultural adaptation. A mirror image: Basques and Brazilians

Resumen Los inmigrantes experimentan cambios en las relaciones interpersonales y comunicativas, así como en el manejo de la distancia social. Este estudio analiza dichos cambios en dos grupos y contextos culturales: los inmigrantes brasileños en el País Vasco y los inmigrantes vascos en Brasil. Se esperan diferencias en las dimensiones del ajuste sociocultural en función del tiempo de estancia y del grupo, así como en las prácticas culturales del país de origen y de acogida. El estudio es transversal y retrospectivo. Los resultados muestran altas dificultades durante el primer año, en donde predominan las relativas al manejo de las Relaciones interpersonales, y posteriormente adquiere más importancia la dimensión de Manejo de la distancia social, especialmente en el caso de los vascos.

Abstract Immigrants experience changes in their interpersonal and communicative relationships, so as to deal with social distance. This study analyzes such changes among two different groups and cultural contexts: Brazilian immigrants in the Basque Country, and Basque immigrants in Brazil. Differences are expected in the dimensions of socio-cultural adjustment due to the time spent in the stay, the group, and also to cultural practices of the origin and host country. The study is transversal and retrospective. Results show that during the first year, difficulties are pronounced with a predominance of Interpersonal Relationships-related ones and subsequently, a higher importance of the dimension Social Distance Management, specifically among the Basque.

Socio-cultural Factors Affecting the Health of Pregnant and Puerperal Brazilian Women in Japan / 国際保健医療

<p>  In this study, we aimed to clarify the socio-cultural factors affecting the mental and physical health of pregnant and puerperal Brazilian women living in Japan. The study participants were 18 pregnant and puerperal Brazilian women living in two prefectures with large Brazilian populations. A Japanese investigator and a Portuguese interpreter comprised the team, and conducted semi-structured interviews at the participants’ homes. The study period was between 2013 and 2014. The interviews were carried out using the Cultural Determinants of Help Seeking theory. Analytical ethnography was used for data coding and theme extraction.</p><p>  The results revealed that “worry” and “shoulder and back pain” were the most common mental and physical symptoms, followed by “headache,” “irritability and anger,” “insomnia and sleeplessness,” and “anxiety.” The reasons given for these included: “pregnancy and child rearing;” “anxiety about work and income;” “complications of being a foreigner;” and “the absence of someone to depend upon.” Moreover, the following five core categories of socio-cultural factors influencing these causes were extracted: “equal and deeply connected family;” “strength to continue working;” “choosing the right conditions to settle down in;” “low satisfaction with the healthcare system;” and “the blessings of God.” </p><p>  Pregnant and puerperal Brazilian women living in Japan have various mental and physical distress symptoms, and our findings revealed that differences between Brazilian and Japanese patterns of family life and religion were the major influencers on these. These findings must be understood to provide intervention in order to lead pregnant and puerperal Brazilian women to appropriate health behaviors.</p>

Predictores de la satisfacción laboral en la industria automotriz de Ciudad Juárez, México

Introducción. En la literatura el estudio de la satisfacción laboral (SL) ha sido abordado desde múltiples enfoques por lo que se le vincula con variables psicológicas, organizacionales y económicas, entre otras, pero su relación con aspectos ergonómicos no ha sido suficientemente probada, principalmente en el contexto de la industria manufacturera. Objetivo. En este estudio se presenta un modelo predictor de la SL teniendo como variable independiente los factores ergoambientales (FEA), y como variable mediadora, los factores socioculturales (FSC), puesto que estos últimos han estado vinculados a la SL, aunque con distintos grados de intensidad. Materiales y métodos. Un instrumento de medición basado en la teoría es aplicado al personal operativo de ocho empresas maquiladoras del sector automotriz en Ciudad Juárez, México. Se obtiene una muestra de 301 casos y los datos se modelan con ecuaciones estructurales para probar las hipótesis de investigación. Resultados. Los resultados sugieren que los FEA se relacionan de manera positiva y significativa en la SL de los sujetos investigados (coeficiente estandarizado= 0.349, p<.01) y con una mediación parcial de los factores socioculturales (VAF=35.7 %). Conclusiones. El modelo predice razonablemente la SL con un efecto directo de los FEA, e indirecto a través de los FSC (R² = 40 %).

Introduction. In the literature, the study about labor satisfaction (LS) has been approached from several focuses and it has been related to psychological, organizational and economic variables, among others, but its relation to ergonomical aspects has not yet been proved enough, especially in the manufacturing industries. Objective. This paper introduces a predictive LS model having as independent variable the ergo environmental factors (EEF) and, as mediating variable, the socio cultural factors (SCF), as the latter have been related to the LS in different intensity degrees. Materials and methods. A measuring instrument based on the theory is applied to the operational staff in eight maquiladora companies in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. A sample of 301 cases is obtained and the data are modeled with structural equations in order to demonstrate the research hypotheses. Results. The results obtained suggest that the EEF are positively and significantly related in the LS of the subjects studied (standardized coefficient = 0.349, p<.01) and with a partial mediation of the socio cultural factors (VAF=35.7 %). Conclusions. The model reasonably predicts the LS with a direct effect of the EEG, and with an indirect one of the SCF (R² = 40 %).

Introdução. Na literatura o estudo da satisfação laboral (SL) há sido abordado desde múltiplos enfoques pelo que se lhe vincula com variáveis psicológicas, organizacionais e econômicas, entre outras, mas sua relação com aspectos ergonômicos não há sido suficientemente provada, principalmente no contexto da indústria manufatureira. Objetivo. Neste estudo se apresenta um modelo preditor da SL tendo como variável independente os fatores ergoambientais (FEA), e como variável mediadora, os fatores socioculturais (FSC), posto que estes últimos há estado vinculados à SL, embora com diferentes graus de intensidade. Materiais e métodos. Um instrumento de medição baseado na teoria é aplicado ao pessoal operativo de oito empresas maquiladoras do setor automotriz na Ciudad Juárez, México. Se obtém uma amostra de 301 casos e os dados se modelam com equações estruturais para provar as hipóteses de investigação. Resultados. Os resultados sugerem que os FEA se relacionam de maneira positiva e significativa na SL dos sujeitos investigados (coeficiente padronizado= 0.349, p<.01) e com uma mediação parcial dos fatores socioculturais (VAF=35.7 %). Conclusões. O modelo prediz razoavelmente a SL com um efeito direto dos FEA, e indireto através dos FSC (R² = 40 %).