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Objective To investigate the level of deltamethrin resistance and mutation sites in the sodium iron channel gene in Rhipicephalus microplus in Huaihua City, Hunan Province, and to examine the correlation between deltamethrin resistance and mutation sites in the sodium iron channel gene in Rh. microplus. Methods Rh. microplus was sampled from multiple yellow cattle farms in Huaihua City, Hunan Province from June to September 2022, and the level of resistance to deltamethrin was determined in ticks using the adult immersion test. The sodium iron channel domain III gene was amplified in deltamethrin-resistant and wild-type Rh. microplus using PCR assay. Following sequencing and sequence alignment, mutation sites were detected in bases. The sodium iron channel domain III gene in Rh. microplus was translated, and the signal peptide, transmembrane domain, and phosphorylation and glycosylation sites were detected in amino acid sequences. The tertiary structures of the sodium iron channel domain III protein of deltamethrin-resistant and wild-type Rh. microplus were deduced and compared, and the association be tween mutation sites in bases and resistance to deltamethrin was examined in Rh. microplus according the level of deltamethrin resistance, sequence alignment and protein tertiary structure. Results The median (LC50) and 95% lethal concentrations (LC95) of deltamethrin were 121.39 mg/L and 952.61 mg/L against Rh. microplus, with a resistance factor of 9.24 and level II resistance. The sequence of the sodium ion channel domain III gene was 1 010 bp in size, and mutation sites were detected in two neighboring bases in the sequence of the sodium ion channel domain III gene in deltamethrin-resistant Rh. microplus. Although no signal peptides were found in the sodium iron channel domain III protein of deltamethrin-resistant or wild-type Rh. microplus, 6 trans-membrane domains, 42 phosphorylation sites and 8 glycosylation sites were identified, with a significant difference in the tertiary structure of the sodium iron channel domain III protein between deltamethrin-resistant and wild-type Rh. microplus. Conclusions Level II resistance to deltamethrin is detected in Rh. microplus in Huaihua City, Hunan Province, and two mutation sites that correlate with the emergence of deltamethrin resistance are identified in the sequence of the sodium iron channel domain III gene in deltamethrin-resistant Rh. microplus.
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Objective: To investigate the effect of high salt diet on the arterial blood pressure in the urea transporter B (UT-B) gene depletion (UT-B-/-) mice, and to clarify the possible mechanism of the UT-B-/- leading to the changes in the arterial blood pressure of the mice. Methods: The heterozygous (UT-B/-) mice were mated to obtain the wild-type (UT-B1/) and UT-B-/- mice with the same genetic background. The 4-week-old male UT-B1/1 and UT-B-/- mice were selected and fed on normal diet (0. 3% NaCl) or high salt diet (8. 0% NaCl) for 4 weeks. The mice were divided into UT-B/1 mice + normal diet (UT-B /1 +N) group, UT-B-/- mice + normal diet (UT-B-/- +N) group, UT-B1/1 mice+high salt diet (UT-B /1 +H) group, and UT-B-/- mice + high salt diet (UT-B-/- +H) group. The changes in water intakes and mean arterial pressures of the mice in various groups were monitored; RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression levels and location of UT-B mRNA and protein in choroid plexus (CP) of the brain tissue of the mice. The levels of serum angiotensin II (Ang II) and the Na levels in cerebrospinal fluid of the mice in various groups were determined by ELISA. Results: The PCR results of genomic DNA of mouse tail showed that there was a 400 bp base fragment in the UT-B mice, 250 and 400 bp base fragments in the UT-B mice, and 250 bp base fragment in the UT-B- - mice. Compared with normal salt diet group, the water intake of the mice in high salt diet was significantly increased (P<0. 01); compared with UT-B-/- +N group and UT-B1/1 + H group, the mean arterial pressure of the mice in UT-B-/- +H group was significantly increased (P<0. 01). The UT-B mRNA and protein expressed in the epithelial cells of CP in the UT-B/1 mice. Compared with UT-B-/- +N group and UTS1/ mice+H group, the Ang II level in serum of the mice in UT-B-/- mice+H group was significantly increased (P< 0.01); the Na level in cerebrospinal fluid of the mice was significantly increased (P< 0. 05). Conclusion: High salt diet can cause a significant increase in the mean arterial pressure in the UT-B-/- mice, and its mechanism is related to increasing the serum Ang II level and the Na' level in cerebrospinal fluid in the mice.
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AIM:To observe the effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on calcium, sodium and potassium ion channel currents of the ischemic atrial myocytes in guinea pig by whole-cell patch clamp technique.METHODS:The guinea pig atrial myocytes were obtained by enzymolysis.Under ischemia and hypoxia condition, whole-cell patch clamp was used to observe the effects of G-CSF at various concentrations on the changes of the I-V curve, activation curve and availability of L-type calcium channel current (ICa,L) and voltage-dependent sodium channel current (INa), as well as I-V curve of delayed rectifier potassium channel current (IK).RESULTS:Under ischemic condition, the I-V curves of ICa,L were changed by acute G-CSF intervention in a dose-dependent fashion.Except for G-CSF at dose of 300 μg/kg, the other concentrations of G-CSF did not change the activation curve and availability of ICa,L, indicating that the effects of G-CSF on ICa,L were in a voltage-independent fashion.The I-V curves of ICa,L under ischemic condition were gradually approaching the normal levels by the higher dose of G-CSF, while the effect of 300 μg/kg G-CSF on ICa,L was similar to 100 μg/kg G-CSF.Acute G-CSF intervention at different doses did not change I-V curve, activation curve, and availability or steady-state availability of INa.As a part of IK, the rapid activating component (IKr) was improved by 100 μg/kg and 300 μg/kg G-CSF intervention with the similar effects, while the slowly activating component (IKs) was not changed by G-CSF.CONCLUSION:G-CSF affects ion channel electrophysiological properties of ischemic atrial myocytes in a voltage-independent but concentration-dependent manner, thus reducing the incidence of atrial arrhythmia.
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Aims: To evaluate the hyponatremic effect of aqueous leaf extract of Acalypha wilkesiana in male wistar rats. Study Design: In vivo study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma Nigeria, between August 2011 and October 2011. Methodology: Thirty two male wistar rats of average body weights (167.50 ± 5.56 g) were grouped into four (A-D), of eight rats each. Group A received distilled water (control), while constituted doses of 2500, 5000 and 10000 mg/kg body weight of the extract were administered once daily for 14 days to animals in group B, C and D respectively. The effect of administration of this extract on serum sodium ions and weight parameters was evaluated. Serum activities of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase; serum proteins, bilirubin, creatinine, urea, uric acid, potassium, calcium and phosphate ion concentrations were determined. Results: Significant reductions (p<0.05) were observed in serum sodium ion at doses above 2500 mg/kg body weight and this reduction was significantly dose-dependent up to 10000 mg/kg body weight of the extract. No significant differences (p>0.05) were obtained in all other serum and weight parameters determined. Conclusion: This extract at the administered doses is safe, and its hyponatremic action suggests that it could be used as a diuretic.
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Red scorpion (Mesobuthus tamulus or Buthus tamulus) venom samples were collected at different regions of India: western (Chiplun and Ahmednagar from Maharashtra State) and southern (Ratnagiri and Chennai from Tamil Nadu State). The action of whole venoms on the blood sodium levels of mice was assessed using flame photometry. Seven peptides were common to all venom samples. They were separated using the native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) technique and their activities were also studied using flame photometry. There was a decrease in the concentration of sodium ions in the serum, which suggested the blockage of such ions by scorpion venom toxins. Among the 10 protein bands isolated, the band at 79.6 kDa presented maximum activity in decreasing serum sodium ions concentration. Whole venom from Chiplun region also showed maximum activity. The western blotting technique demonstrated that the anti-scorpion venom sera produced by Haffkine Biopharmaceuticals Corporation Ltd., India, neutralized all four venom samples.(AU)
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Scorpion Venoms/chemistry , Biological Products , Blood Chemical Analysis , Proteins , SodiumABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the expression and localization of dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of 32 000 (DARPP-32) in mouse kidney tissue. Methods The cellular localization of DARPP-32 in mouse kidney tissue was detected by immunoblot and immunohistochemistry. Results DARPP-32-like immunoreactivity was detected in the medullary thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, the cortical proximal convoluted tubule, and collecting ducts in medullary rays. The renal tubules were enriched of Na+, K+-ATPase for sodium reabsorption. Conclusion The participation of DARPP-32 is a likely crucial step of the signal-transduction pathway of dopamine regulation on sodium reabsorption in renal tubule cells.
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No abstract available.