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Objective:To explore the effect of intravascular sodium nitroprusside (SNP) combined with hyaluronidase (HAase) plus urokinase (UK) in treating rat abdominal wall skin flap ischemia caused by HA induced artery embolism, and to compare the difference between thrombolysis with and without addition of sodium nitroprusside.Methods:Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with 10 μl of hyaluronic acid (HA) into the left inferior epigastric arteries, constructing the superficial epigastricl artery skin flap ischemic model in rats. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: a control group, and experimental groups A, B and C. Control and experimental groups A, B and C were treated with the following solutions 45 minutes after hyaluronic acid injection: physiological saline plus glucose was injected into the rats (control group); hyaluronidase (HAase) plus glucose injection was injected into the rats (experimental group A), hyaluronidase (HAase) plus urokinase (UK) was injected into the rats (experimental group B), hyaluronidase (HAase), urokinase (UK) plus sodium nitroprusside were injected into the rats (experimental group C). The changes of flaps were observed at 0 min, 3 days, 5 days and 7 days after operation. The difference of the area percentage of unperfused flap in the four groups was compared 7 days after operation. This study was carried out from July 2020 to March 2021 in the Medical Laboratory Animal Center of Weifang Medical University.Results:The unperfused area of flaps for the control group, experimental groups A, B and C were (100.00±0.00) %, (44.68±7.90)%, (34.01±8.77)% and (24.12±4.58)%, respectively. In the experimental group C, the scabby necrosis area was smaller than that of the experimental group A ( P<0.05); in the experimental group C, the scabby necrosis area was smaller than that of the experimental group B ( P<0.05); in the experimental group B, the scabby necrosis area was smaller than that of the experimental group A ( P<0.05). HE staining revealed that size and density of the embolus was significantly decreased after the addition of sodium nitroprusside. Conclusions:Sodium nitroprusside combined with hyaluronidase and urokinase can effectively improve the ischemia of the flap caused by HA induced artery embolism, increase the tissue perfusion, and reduce the necrotic area of the flap.
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Objective To compare the effects of urapidil and sodium nitroprusside on blood pressure and prognosis in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods One hundred and fifty patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage from January to December 2017 were divided into urapidil group and sodium nitroprusside group according to the medication, each group with 75 patients. The changes of blood pressure, heart rate, hematoma size and neurological function were compared between the two groups. Results At 10 and 30 min after treatment, the systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of patients in urapidil group were lower than those in sodium nitroprusside group (P＜0.05). At 60 min after treatment , there was no significant difference on blood pressure between the two groups (P＞0.05). At 10, 30, 60, 120 and 240 min after treatment, the heart rate of patients in urapidil group were significantly lower than those in sodium nitroprusside group (P＜0.05). At 24 and 72 h after treatment, there was no notable difference in the size of hematoma between the two groups (P＞0.05). At 1 month after treatment, the neurological scores between the two groups were significantly different: (10.1 ± 2.1) scores vs. (13.8 ± 5.9) scores, P＜0.05. Conclusions Urapidil can effectively control blood pressure in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. Moreover, it exerts better long-term neuroprotective effect, compared with sodium nitroprusside.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study investigated the effects of aqueous leaf extract of Tridax procumbens (ALETP) on contractile activity of corpus cavernosum in N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME)-induced hypertensive male rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty normal, adult male rats (130-150 g) were divided into four groups of five rats each. Group I (control) was given normal saline (0.6 mL/kg) and group II was given l-NAME (40 mg/kg) for 6 weeks. Groups III and IV also received l-NAME (40 mg/kg) for 6 weeks but were further co-treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg of ALETP, respectively, from week 4 to week 6. All treatments were given orally. Strips of corpus cavernosum from each of the four groups were exposed to increasing concentrations of acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (10-10mol/L) after contraction with phenylephrine (10 mol/L) to test for a dose-response effect. Response to potassium and calcium was also measured after cumulatively adding potassium and calcium (10-50 mmol/L) to potassium- and calcium-free organ chamber. Isometric contractions were recorded through an Ugo Basile data capsule acquisition system.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Mean arterial blood pressure was significantly reduced in the ALETP co-treated group compared to the control and l-NAME-only groups (P < 0.05). Cavernosa strips from ALETP co-treated rats exhibited significant inhibition of contraction in response to phenylephrine, potassium chloride, and calcium chloride (P < 0.05). Relaxation in response to Ach and SNP was also significantly impaired in cavernosa strips from the l-NAME-only treated group (P < 0.05), while ALETP co-treated groups showed enhanced percentage relaxation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ALETP treatment of l-NAME-induced hypertensive rats promotes a relaxant effect on isolated cavernosa strips. ALETP shows potential in correcting erectile dysfunction in hypertension.</p>
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Abstract Background: Recent evidence has shown improvements in schizophrenia symptoms after the infusion of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide (NO) donor. In the rat model of schizophrenia using ketamine injection, pretreatment with SNP seems to prevent behavioral changes associated with positive symptoms for up to one week. Objective: We investigated whether SNP would have preventative effects on psychogenic symptoms induced by ketamine in healthy subjects. Methods: Healthy subjects (N = 38) were assigned to distinct groups that received SNP in different doses (0.15, 0.25, and 0.5 mcg/kg/min). First, participants received an infusion of SNP or placebo over 75 minutes. After 10 minutes, they were injected for 1 minute with a bolus of 0.26 mg/kg of ketamine and a maintenance dose was started 5 minutes later, with 0.25 mg/kg/h of ketamine for 50 minutes. Results: Ketamine-induced psychopathological alterations induced were reduced by SNP, as assessed with the Brief Psychological Rating Scale. Scores in the objective subscale of the Clinician-Administered Dissociative States Scale were also lower in SNP sessions compared to placebo. SNP had protective effects against deterioration in facial emotion and identity recognition tasks induced by ketamine. Discussion: Our findings support the view that SNP has preventative properties against psychotic manifestations.
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Objective To investigate the effect of rh-BNP combined with sodium nitroprusside in acute decompensated heart failure patients with loss of blood flow dynamics, the effects on heart function and circulating factor levels.MethodsSelect Wenzhou Institute of Physiology from February 2014 to January 2016 admitted during the period of 120 cases of acute decompensated heart failure patients, according to random number table method to all of the patients were randomly divided into two groups, control group and test group with the control group patients were given conventional treatment of heart failure treatment, while the experimental group patients give tome sodium nitrate joint treatment with recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide, compare two groups of patients 12 h level of circulating factors, cardiac function and hemodynamics.ResultsTwo groups of patients after the hemodynamics after 24 h treatment was significantly lower than that after the treatment of 12h(P<0.05), the control group of patients after treatment of 12h and 24h after pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and right atrial pressure and central venous pressure index were significantly higher than those in the test group (P<0.05) for the treatment of 24h.After the control group of patients with left ventricular GSRa, GSRe, GSRs, ROTR, ROT, GCS, GLS levels were significantly lower than those in the test group (P<0.05).After treatment of 12h patients in the control group were hsCRP, ST2, IL-6 and blood The levels of cTn I and NT-proBNP were significantly higher than those in the experimental group (P<0.05).ConclusionRh-BNP combined with sodium nitroprusside in patients with acute decompensated heart failure treatment can effectively optimize the circulation of patients with factor level and heart function and hemodynamics, it is worth to be popularized in clinical use.
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Objective To study the effect of exogenous nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside(SNP)on antioxidant en?zymes activities and lipid peroxidation of mice infected with Trichinella spiralis. Methods BALB/c mice were infected with T. spiralis separated by the digestion method. Forty?two days post?infection,the peripheral blood and hepatic tissue from the in?fected or normal mice were collected. Then 4 groups were set:liver homogenate from infected mice+SNP(Group A),liver ho?mogenate from normal mice+SNP(Group B),peripheral blood from infected mice+SNP(Group C),and peripheral blood from normal mice+SNP(Group D). The final concentrations of SNP in each group were set as 0(blank control),2,5,10μmol/L and 30μmol/L,respectively. After reacting with SNP at 37℃for 30 min,the superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathi?one peroxidase(GSH?Px),catalase(CAT)activities,and malondialdehyde(MDA)concentration were examined and com?pared. Results The levels of SOD,CAT,GSH?Px and MDA concentration in the liver and the blood from the mice infected with T. spiralis were significantly higher than those of the normal ones(all P < 0.05). When reacted with 10 μmol/L and 30 μmol/L SNP,the SOD,GSH?Px,and CAT activities in Group A and B decreased significantly(all P<0.05),while the liver MDA concentration reacted with 2-30μmol/L SNP increased obviously(all P<0.05). As reacted with 30μmol/L SNP,the ac?tivities of blood SOD,GSH?Px,and CAT in Group C and D decreased,while the MDA concentration in blood still increased (all P<0.01). When the SNP concentration was in the range of 2-30μmol/L,there were a negative correlation between the SNP concentrations and SOD,GSH?Px,and CAT activities,as well as a positive correlation with the MDA concentration in the liver and blood from the mice infected with T. spiralis(all P<0.05). Conclusions T. spiralis infection could cause oxidative damage to mice,and increase SOD,GSH?Px,and CAT activities. Nitric oxide released from SNP can decrease antioxidase activ?ities,and inhibit the antioxidant capacity of mice infected with T. spiralis.
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Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of sodium nitroprusside on the treatment of pulmonary edema in elderly patients with heart failure. Methods 50 elderly cases with heart failure and pulmonary edema From January 2015 to January 2017 were divided into the control group and the observation group according to the different treatment methods. The control group were received conventional therapy, the observation group were given conventional drug combined with sodium nitroprusside. The experimental data was recorded and compared. To investigate the effect of sodium nitroprusside on the rescue of elderly heart failure and pulmonary edema. Results The clinical effect in the observation group is better than that in the control group. The protein related indexes about heart failure and pulmonary edema were significantly improved (P<0.05). The difference of adverse reaction rate in the two groups has no statistically significat. Conclusion Conventional drug therapy combined with sodium nitroprusside were used on the treatment of elderly patients with heart failure, pulmonary edema, which can improve the clinical symptoms, related serum protein, without increasing the incidence of adverse reactions, it is worthy of clinical application.
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Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania . Cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most common form, with millions of new cases worldwide each year. Treatments are ineffective due to the toxicity of existing drugs and the resistance acquired by certain strains of the parasite. METHODS: We evaluated the activity of sodium nitroprusside in macrophages infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis . Phagocytic and microbicidal activity were evaluated by phagocytosis assay and promastigote recovery, respectively, while cytokine production and nitrite levels were determined by ELISA and by the Griess method. Levels of iNOS and 3-nitrotyrosine were measured by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: Sodium nitroprusside exhibited in vitro antileishmanial activity at both concentrations tested, reducing the number of amastigotes and recovered promastigotes in macrophages infected with L. amazonensis . At 1.5µg/mL, sodium nitroprusside stimulated levels of TNF-α and nitric oxide, but not IFN-γ. The compound also increased levels of 3-nitrotyrosine, but not expression of iNOS, suggesting that the drug acts as an exogenous source of nitric oxide. CONCLUSIONS: Sodium nitroprusside enhances microbicidal activity in Leishmania -infected macrophages by boosting nitric oxide and 3-nitrotyrosine.
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Animals , Tyrosine/analogs & derivatives , Trypanocidal Agents/pharmacology , Nitroprusside/pharmacology , Macrophages, Peritoneal/parasitology , Nitric Oxide/biosynthesis , Tyrosine/biosynthesis , Tyrosine/drug effects , Immunohistochemistry , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB CABSTRACT
Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) is an anti-hypertensive drug, commonly used to decrease the systemic vascular resistance and lower the blood pressure. When the amount of cyanide generated by the SNP exceeds the metabolic capacity for detoxification, cyanide toxicity occurs. Under general anesthesia and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), it may be difficult to detect the development of cyanide toxicity. In cardiac surgical patients, hemolysis, hypothermia and decreased organ perfusion, which emphasize the risk of cyanide toxicity, may develop as a consequence of CPB. In particular, hemolysis during CPB may cause an unexpected overproduction of cyanide due to free hemoglobin release. We experienced a patient who demonstrated SNP tachyphylaxis and cyanide toxicity during CPB, even though the total amount of SNP administered was much lower than the recommended dose. We therefore report this case with a review of the relevant literature.
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Humans , Anesthesia, General , Blood Pressure , Cardiopulmonary Bypass , Cyanides , Hemolysis , Hypothermia , Nitroprusside , Perfusion , Tachyphylaxis , Vascular ResistanceABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effects of recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide and sodium nitroprusside in the treatment of acute decompensated heart failure.Methods 82 patients with acute decompensated heart failure were randomly divided into observation group and control group,41 cases in each group.The control group was given sodium nitroprusside intravenous infusion therapy on the basis of routine treatment.The observation group was given recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide infusion treatment on the basis of control group treatment.The clinical efficacy was compared between the two groups.Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 95.12％,which was significantly higher than 75.61％ of the control group (x2 =5.33,P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,the left ventricular diastolic end diameter in the observation group [(67.38 ± 6.82) mm] was significantly lower than before treatment and control group after treatment (t =4.12,3.23,all P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,the left ventricular shot ejection fraction in the observation group [(48.91 ± 7.42)％] was significantly higher than before treatment and control group after treatment (t =3.92,3.77,all P ＜ 0.05).The incidence rate of adverse reactions in the observation group was 9.76％,which of the control group was 7.32％.,the difference was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide combined with sodium nitroprusside could significantly improve the clinical curative effect of acute decompensated heart failure,improve heart function of patients,and inhibit myocardial remodeling.It had good security.
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Objective To study the stability of sodium nitroprusside for injection in 5% glucose injection and 0 .9%sodium chloride injection ,and provide reference for clinical rational drug use .Methods The content of sodium nitroprusside for injection in different dissolvants(5% glueose ,sodium chloride injection) within 26 h was determined by HPLC .The change of micro particle was measured by light blockage method in accordance with China pharmacopeia(2010 edition) ,and the appearance and UV visible absorption spectroscopy and pH ,the osmotic pressure of the mixtures were observed as well .Results The changes in appearnace ,UV visible absorption spectroscopy ,pH value ,content and microparticle were not significant .Conclusion Sodium nitroprusside for injection were stable within 26 h after mixing with different dissolvants (5% glueose ,sodium chloride injection) .
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Objective To investigate the clinical effect and safety of continuous intravenous pumping of sodium nitroprusside and dopamine on treating elderly patients with refractory heart failure. Methods Two hundred and seventy elderly patients with refractory heart failure were selected as our subjects and they were randomly divided into sodium nitroprusside group,dopamine group and the combined group( 90 cases for each group). All the patients were given the corresponding symptomatic treatment,including oxygen,diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors,digitalis,aldosterone receptor antagonist,etc. Patients in sodium nitroprusside group,dopamine group were treated sodium nitroprusside or dopamine respectively,and patients in combined group were given both of sodium nitroprusside and dopamine by continuous intravenous pumping. Serum brain natriuretic peptide( BNP ),left ventricular ejection fraction( LVEF ),LV end systolic volume index(LVESVI),left ventricular end diastolic volume index(LVEDVI),left ventricular diastolic early, late filling velocity ratio( E/A ),mean arterial pressure and heart rate( HR ) level were measured or recorded. Results The levels of BNP,LVEF,LVESV,LVEDV,E/A,mean arterial pressure and the level of HR among three group before treatment were no significant differences( F =4. 000,1. 434,0. 503,3. 622,3. 589, 4. 135,2. 752;P﹥0. 05). After treatment,the levels of BNP,LVEF,LVESV,LVEDV and HR in combined group were(201. 6 ±66. 8)pg/L,(45 ± 4)%,(29. 8 ± 4. 8)ml/m2,(45. 1 ± 7. 3)ml/m2,(73. 2 ± 11. 2)times/min,in sodium nitroprusside group were( 298. 6 ± 75. 3 ) pg/L,( 37 ± 4 )%,( 35. 5 ± 4. 6 ) ml/m2 ,( 51. 8 ±7.5)ml/m2,(92.9 ±11.5)times/min,and in dopamine group were(293.7 ±78.2)pg/L,(37 ±3)%, (35. 6 ± 5. 8)ml/m2,(52. 1 ± 7. 3)ml/m2,(93. 6 ± 12. 3)times/min respectively,and the differences were significant(F=41. 683,129. 400,43. 600,28. 800,328. 600;P﹤0. 05). The total effective rate in combination group was 97. 8%( 88/90 ),significantly higher than that of sodium nitroprusside group( 86. 7%,8/90 ) or dopamine group( 88. 9%,80/90 ),and the differences were statistically significant(χ2 =7. 683,P ﹤0. 05). There were 3 cases(3. 3%)with adverse reaction in combination group after treatment,including 1 cases of headache and 2 cases of nausea and vomiting. All above symptoms disappeared after stopping drugs. There was 1 cases(1. 1%)with adverse reaction in sodium nitroprusside group,1 cases(1. 1%)in dopamine group,and there was no significant differences seen among three groups(χ2 =1. 630,P﹥0. 05). Conclusion Continuous intravenous infusion of sodium nitroprusside combined with dopamine on cardiac function in elderly patients with refractory heart failure can improve clinical effect and enhance the medication security.
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Objective To determine the effects of Sodium Nitroprusside ( SNP) , superoxide dismutase ( SOD) and catalase ( CAT ) on the expression of catalytic subunit of the DNA-dependent protein kinase ( DNA-PKcs ) and Ku70/80 heterodimer in cardiomycyte H9C2, as well as their expression in the myocardial tissues of SD rats . Methods H9C2 cells were co-cultured with SNP at concentreations of 10, 20 and 40 mmol/L for 6 hours, SD rats were injected with normal saline , SNP, SNP+SOD, SNP+CAT or SNP+SOD+CAT.Western blot and immuno-histochemistry assay were used to examine DNA-PKcs and Ku70/80 protein expression respectively .Results The expression of DNA-PKcs and Ku70/80 increased in H9C2 cells co-cultured with SNP when compared with control group, but they were be decreased when treated with SOD or/and CAT.The expression of DNA-Pkcs and Ku70/80 in myocardial tissues of experimental groups were higher than the control .Conclusions Radical scavengers may play a role as a protective effect for sodium nitroprusside related injury in cardiac myocytes .
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To establish the suspension culture system of Silybum marianum cell and study the effects of different factors on silybin content. Orthogonal test was adopted to determine S. marianum cell suspension culture system and HPLC to silybin content.. The best growth cycle of cell suspension culture was defined when cultured in liquid MS medium with 6-BA 1.5 mg/L + NAA 1.0 mg/L + ZT 1.5 mg/L, light 12 h/d, pH value = 7, revolution = 110 r/min. The effects of salicylic acid, chitosan, and sodium nitroprusside on cell suspension culture were investigated. When the concentration of three impact factors were 0.05, 3, and 1 μ g/L, respectively, the growth amount of S. marianum cell reached the maximum, i. e. At the same time, the silybin content also reached the maximum. The established cell suspension culture system is suitable to use for the rapid propagation of S. marianum. Chitosan and sodium nitroprusside at proper concentration are benifit to the growth of suspensious cells and accumulation of silybin.
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Objective: To observe the clinical effect of sodium nitroprusside and dopamine injected by micro pump for the treatment of refractory heart failure. Methods:One hundred and six cases of patients with refractory heart failure were chosen as the research object, which were cardiac functionⅢ~Ⅳlevel. All patients were treated with sodium nitroprusside and dopamine injected by micro pump. Starting dose of sodium nitroprusside was 6.25 μg/min. At same time pumping dopamine, starting dose of 2 g/kg·min, the dose was increased gradually until blood pressure dropped to 90~100 mm Hg, continuous 7~10 d, the signs and symptoms after treatment and parameters of cardiac function and adverse reactions were observed. Results: 1)In 106 cases of patients with refractory heart failure after treatment, the total effective rate 85.85%(91/106). 2)The heart rate, blood pressure, cardiothoracic ratio, left ventricular short axis reduced rate,cardiac output, each index of cardiac,indexes of left ventricular ejection fraction were improved significantly after treatment. Conclusion:The clinical effect for the treatment of refractory heart failure by using the micro pump injection of small doses of sodium nitroprusside combined dopamine would be obvious, have less adverse reactions, worthy of clinical popularization and application.
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Objective To investigate the effect of sodium nitroprusside sustained release on cognitive function, S-100βprotein and VILIP-1 in pituitary tumor surgery patients.Methods 156 cases of pituitary tumor patients were selected and divided into two groups according to random number table method,78 patients in each group.All patients underwent general anesthesia induction,the experimental group treated with 0.5~6 μg ( kg· min) infusion of sodium nitroprusside induced hypotension by micro pump at the beginning of operation.MMSE was used to determine the cognitive function of 2 groups of patients 1 day before operation and 2 days after operation,S-100βand VILIP-1 content were determined by ELISA before anesthesia,after surgery,and 0,12,24,48 h after operation.Results There was no statistical significance between the 2 groups in the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction.Compared with control group, the operation time, bleeding volume and the recovery time of the experiment group were lower(P<0.05).S-100βprotein and VILIP-1 showed increased at first and then decreased at the peak of 24h;compared with the normal group, the levels of S-100βprotein and VILIP-1 of the cognitive impairment were higher ( P <0.05 ).Compared with the control group, the levels of S-100βprotein and VILIP-1 of the experiment group were lower(P <0.05).Conclusion Sodium nitroprusside sustained release controlled hypotension can reduce the level of cognitive disorder, patients of S-100βprotein and visinin-like protein 1 and has certain directive significance to the clinical.
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Objective:To investigate the best compatibility plan for nitroprusside sodium for injection. Methods: An L16 (43 × 26 ) orthogonal design was used with four factors:temperature, solvent, solvent volume and time. The content of sodium nitroprusside was detected by HPLC, the insoluble particles were observed by a GWF-5J type particle analyzer, pH was detected by a PHS-2C preci-sion acidity meter, and a comprehensive scoring method was used to optimize the compatibility plan. Results:The optimized compati-bility plan was as follows:50mg sodium nitroprusside was dissolved in 250ml sodium chloride injections, avoiding light and used up in 26h. Conclusion:The plan provides scientific basis for the clinical medication.
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Objective To study the neuroprotective effect of sevoflurane on controlled hypotension in patients with coronary heart disease undergoing craniocerebral surgery. Methods Twenty-six patients with coronary heart disease undergoing craniocerebral surgery were randomly divided into two groups,receiving either inhaled 2%-5%sevoflurane plus intravenous sodium nitroprusside (treatment group,n=13) or intravenous sodium nitroprusside 3-8 μg·kg-1 alone (contorl group,n=13) for blood pressure control. The hemodynamic changes were recorded during the operation. Patient satisfaction with surgeons and the duration hospital stay after surgery were recorded. The levels of cardiac troponin I (TNI),creatine kinase-MB (CK-MBM),neuron specific enolase ( NSE) and S100 calcium binding proteinβ( S-100βprotein) in serum were detected at one day pre-operation,the end of the operation,and one day post-operation. Results The duration of hospital stay after surgery was significantly shortened in treatment group [(20. 3±3. 8) versus (23. 9±4. 6) d,P<0. 05) compared with control group. The average heart rate significantly decreased, patient satisfaction significantly increased, and serum levels of NSE and S-100β protein one day post-operation significantly decreased as compared to control group (all P<0. 05). Compared with the day before operation,serum levels of NSE and S-100βprotein in the two groups increased significantly at the end of surgery (P<0. 05),and the levels of TNI,CK-MBM,NSE and S-100βsignificantly elevated one day post-operation (P<0. 05). Compared with the end of operation,serum levels of NSE and S-100βin contorl group incarcerated remarkably (P<0. 05) Conclusion Sevoflurane plays an important neuroprotective role,as evidenced by improving patients' satisfaction,reducing hospital stay after surgery,and maintaining the balance of myocardial oxygen delivery and consumption in craniocerebral surgery patients with coronary heart disease during controlled hypotension. However,it can not prevent postoperative myocardial injury in these patients.
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Objective: To explore the effect of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) on seed germination of Oldenlandia diffusa under drought stress and to determine the optimal concentration of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, exterior nitric oxide donor) for alleviating the drought stress. Methods: Using 15% PEG6000 to imitate drought stress, the germination potential, germination rate, germination index, and vigor index of O. diffusa seeds were measured by the treatment of SNP at different concentration. Results: The germination process of O. diffusa seeds was significantly suppressed by drought stress. SNP could significantly promote the germination of O. diffusa seeds under drought stress. SNP (0.3 mmol/L) increased the germination rate and germination potential by 2.78- and 7.77-folds, respectively. In the case of germination index and vigor index, SNP (0.1 and 0.3 mmol/L ) showed the maximum positive impact and there was no significant difference between the two SNP concentration treatments. Conclusion: SNP could alleviate the negative influence of drought stress on the germination process of O. diffusa seeds and improve the drought-resistant activity. Among all the treatments, the concentration of SNP at 0.3 mmol/L leads to the maximum germination rate.
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Objective:To evaluate the compatible stability of sodium nitroprusside for injection ( SNP) in two kinds of solutions (5% glucose and sodium chloride injections) . Methods:A, B, C and D solution of SNP was respectively prepared according to the concentration of clinical use. The stability of SNP solution was studied in different environment with different storing time, and the as-sessment indices included the appearance, insoluble particles, pH value, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum and SNP content. Re-sults:The SNP solutions in 5% glucose and sodium chloride injections were stable in 26 hours in photophobic condition at 20℃ and 35℃. Under an incandescent lamp with or without lightproof, the solutions were very unstable. Conclusion:Both sodium chloride and 5% glucose injections can be used as the solvent for SNP with 26h stability. SNP injections prepared and used in clinics should be pre-served away from light to ensure the safety and effectiveness.