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AIM: To analyze the strabismus surgery situation of adolescents and children in Yunnan province.METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on medical records data of 3 068 adolescents and children who received strabismus surgery at Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University from January 2017 to December 2021. The analysis included gender, constituent ratio of age, distribution of strabismus types and combination with other ocular diseases, etc.RESULTS: Among the included patients, 52.12% were males, and 47.88% were females. Preschool patients(1 to 6 years old)accounted for 32.89%, primary pupils(7 to 12 years old)accounted for 45.89% and high school students(13 to 18 years old)accounted for 21.22%. Exotropia accounted for 63.17% of the total strabismus, of which intermittent exotropia was the most common type. Esotropia accounted for 19.69%, and concomitant esotropia was the most common type. The special type of strabismus accounted for 17.14%, and A-V syndrome and dissociative vertical deviation(DVD)were the most common types. Strabismus combined with ametropia accounted for 61.02% and amblyopia accounted for 10.89%. A few patients also combined with other eye diseases.CONCLUSION: In Yunnan province, intermittent exotropia was the most common type of strabismus among adolescents and children. Some patients combined with other ocular diseases.
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Context: Tumor budding (TB), poorly differentiated clusters (PDCs), and Ki 67 index are proven adverse prognostic factors in breast carcinoma. Though the relation of Ki 67 index with molecular subtypes of breast carcinoma have been extensively studied, there is very limited information on the role of TB and PDCs. Aims: To grade TB, PDCs, and Ki 67 index and assess histological features and relationship of all these with molecular subtypes of invasive breast carcinoma of no special type. Methods and Material: Retrospective study of 148 cases from 1/1/2019 to 30/12/2019. Division of molecular groups – Luminal A, Luminal B, Her2 neu positive, and triple-negative breast carcinomas (TNBC), and Ki 67 index grades based on St Gallen criteria, intratumoral and peritumoral TB and PDC grades as per the International Tumor Budding Consensus Conference (ITBCC) criteria for colon and correlation between these and other histological features with the molecular subtypes were done. Statistical Analysis: Chi-square test, univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used. Results: Significant correlation was seen between TB and lymphovascular emboli, Luminal B tumors with high-grade TB and PDCs, Her 2 neu positive and TNBC tumors with low-grade TB, circumscribed tumor margins, tumor necrosis, and Luminal B, Her 2 neu positive and TNBC tumors with larger tumor size and high nuclear grades.Conclusions: TB and PDCs are useful in the prognostication of Luminal A and B tumors when the Ki 67 index values are low/intermediate. Her 2 neu positive and TNBC tumors have a high nuclear grade with necrosis and no association with TB or PDCs.
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Background and Objectives: Multifocal/multicentric (MF/MC) breast carcinomas are not uncommon and its prognostic significance debated. We attempted to analyze the association of focality and prognostic factors in operated pT1 and pT2 breast carcinomas of no special type (NST). Materials and Methods: Retrospectively identified pathologically proven 124 unifocal (UF) and 49 MF/MC pT1 and pT2 breast carcinomas of NST over the past three years were compared in terms of clinical and pathological factors. Results: The patients with MF/MC NST tumors were more likely to undergo radical surgery (P = 0.028). The tumors showed higher incidence of lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.024), perineural invasion (P = 0.046), ductal carcinoma in situ component (P < 0.001), higher number of positive axillary lymph nodes (P < 0.001), and higher anatomical staging (P = 0.048) when compared to the UF counterparts. Morphological intertumoral heterogeneity was noted in MF/MC tumors in 16 of 49 cases (32.65%). Conclusion: Most published studies on MF breast cancers have included all histological types and varying definitions. We included only pathologically defined stages and a single histological type to ensure “purity” of the groups. Higher anatomic staging and morphological interlesional heterogeneity suggest that early MF/MC tumors represent multiple primaries with a different biology. Careful consideration of features of each focus needs to be considered when deciding appropriate adjuvant therapy and for accurately prognosticating these patients. Immunohistochemical and morphological (grade) heterogeneity between the different foci may pose problems with “prognostic stage grouping” these tumors according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system (8th edition).
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?AlM:To explore the use of rigid gas permeable ( RGP ) contact lens, and its clinical effect and safety in the treatment of adult high and special type ametropia. ? METHODS: Totally 110 cases ( 185 eyes ) of Ophthalmology Center fitting of RGP from January 2010 to December 2012 were retrospective analyzed. According to the refractive error types, patients were divided into high myopia astigmatism group( 49 cases, 92 eyes), 36 cases (64 eyes) of keratoconus group, special ametropia group (25 cases, 29 eyes). Corrected visual acuity differences, adverse reactions of different temporal acuity and conventional frame in the three group were observed after wearing RGP. ?RESULTS:After wearred RGP, corrected visual acuity of high myopic astigmatism group was 4. 94 ± 0. 16, keratoconus group was 4. 98±0. 15, and special ametropia group was 4. 87±0. 19; they were significantly better than wearing frame mirror 4. 86±0. 23, 4. 79±0. 22, 4. 61±0. 27 and the differences were statistically significant (P ?CONCLUSlON: Wearring RGP can correct adult high and special type ametropia than ordinary frame glasses, which avoid the occurence of dry eye, foreign body sensation, and easy fatigue. lt is worthy of clinical application.
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AIM:To evaluate the efficiency of vitrectomy combined with inferior scleral buckling for a special kind of retinal detachment. METHODS: Nineteen eyes of special retinal detachment had following features: 1 ) the course was more than 6mo;2) there were at least one hole located in the 5 : 00 - 7 : 00 of the marginal retina; 3 ) the detachment range of retina more than 270 degrees and retinal proliferation in retinal detachment. The 19 eyes who received vitrectomy combined with inferior scleral buckling, retinal anatomic reattachment and visual function recovery was observed. RESULTS: Among these 19 eyes, all eyes retinal anatomic reattachment and best corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) was improved in various degrees. The BCVA was 0. 01-0. 1 in 5 eyes, 0. 12-0. 3 in 9 eyes, and ≥0. 4 in 5 eyes. CONCLUSION: It is an effective method to vitrectomy combined with inferior scleral buckling for the special kind of retinal detachment which has following features:1) the course was more than 6mo;2) there were at least one hole located in the 5:00-7:00 of the marginal retina;3 ) the detachment range of retina more than 270 degrees and retinal proliferation of cable in retinal detachment.