Seasonal variations of the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its markers using big-data of health check-ups

BACKGROUND@#It is crucial to understand the seasonal variation of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) for the detection and management of MetS. Previous studies have demonstrated the seasonal variations in MetS prevalence and its markers, but their methods are not robust. To clarify the concrete seasonal variations in the MetS prevalence and its markers, we utilized a powerful method called Seasonal Trend Decomposition Procedure based on LOESS (STL) and a big dataset of health checkups.@*METHODS@#A total of 1,819,214 records of health checkups (759,839 records for men and 1,059,375 records for women) between April 2012 and December 2017 were included in this study. We examined the seasonal variations in the MetS prevalence and its markers using 5 years and 9 months health checkup data and STL analysis. MetS markers consisted of waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting plasma glucose (FPG).@*RESULTS@#We found that the MetS prevalence was high in winter and somewhat high in August. Among men, MetS prevalence was 2.64 ± 0.42 (mean ± SD) % higher in the highest month (January) than in the lowest month (June). Among women, MetS prevalence was 0.53 ± 0.24% higher in the highest month (January) than in the lowest month (June). Additionally, SBP, DBP, and HDL-C exhibited simple variations, being higher in winter and lower in summer, while WC, TG, and FPG displayed more complex variations.@*CONCLUSIONS@#This finding, complex seasonal variations of MetS prevalence, WC, TG, and FPG, could not be derived from previous studies using just the mean values in spring, summer, autumn and winter or the cosinor analysis. More attention should be paid to factors affecting seasonal variations of central obesity, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance.

Perfil de atos comunicativos de crianças com transtorno do desenvolvimento de linguagem / Profile of communicative acts of children with developmental language disorder

RESUMO Objetivo Caracterizar os atos comunicativos de crianças com transtorno do desenvolvimento da linguagem, verificando a quantidade de atos comunicativos, atos comunicativos interativos e sua relação com a idade cronológica. Métodos Foram participantes 40 crianças de ambos os gêneros com diagnóstico de transtorno do desenvolvimento da linguagem com idades entre 3 anos e 2 meses e 7 anos e 11 meses. Todos os sujeitos foram avaliados com a Prova de Pragmática ABFW - Teste de Linguagem Infantil, em sua avaliação inicial. Especificamente para este estudo, focou-se na verificação da quantidade de atos comunicativos, atos comunicativos por minuto, atos comunicativos interativos e número de iniciativas comunicativas. Resultados Os dados indicaram que crianças com transtorno do desenvolvimento da linguagem apresentam alterações importantes em relação aos atos comunicativos e interações comunicativas e há correlação dessas variáveis com a idade cronológica. Conclusão Crianças com transtorno do desenvolvimento da linguagem apresentam diminuição no número de atos comunicativos, atos comunicativos interativos e interações comunicativas, quando comparadas aos valores de referência de crianças típicas, independentemente da idade.

ABSTRACT Purpose To characterize the communicative acts of children with Developmental Language Disorder, verifying the number of communicative acts, interactive communicative acts, and their relationship with chronological age. Methods Forty children of both sexes with a diagnosis of Developmental Language Disorder aged between 3 years and seven years and 11 months were subjects. All subjects were assessed with the ABFW Pragmatics Test - Child Language Test in their initial assessment. Specifically, this study focused on verifying the number of communicative acts, communicative acts per minute, interactive communicative acts, and the number of communicative initiatives. Results The data indicate that children with Developmental Language Disorder present significant alterations concerning communicative acts and communicative interactions, and there is a correlation between these variables and chronological age. Conclusion Children with Developmental Language Disorder show a decrease in the number of communicative acts, interactive communicative acts, and communicative interactions when compared to the reference values of typical children, regardless of age.

Transcriptome Sequencing on Treatment of Kidney Deficiency and Blood Stasis-thin Endometrium in Rats with Bushen Huoxue Prescription Through Enema / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of Bushen Huoxue enema in treating the rat model of kidney deficiency and blood stasis-thin endometrium （KDBS-TE） by transcriptome sequencing. MethodThe rat model of KDBS-TE was established by administration of tripterygium polyglycosides tablets combined with subcutaneous injection of adrenaline. The pathological changes of rat endometrium in each group were then observed. Three uterine tissue specimens from each of the blank group， model group， and Bushen Huoxue enema group were randomly selected for transcriptome sequencing. The differentially expressed circRNAs， lncRNAs， and miRNAs were screened， and the disease-related specific competitive endogenous RNA （ceRNA） regulatory network was constructed. Furthermore， the gene ontology （GO） functional annotation and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment were performed for the mRNAs in the network. ResultCompared with the blank group， the model group showed endometrial dysplasia， decreased endometrial thickness and endometrial/total uterine wall thickness ratio （P<0.01）， and differential expression of 18 circRNAs， 410 lncRNAs， and 7 miRNAs. Compared with the model group， the enema and estradiol valerate groups showed improved endometrial morphology and increased endometrial thickness and ratio of endometrial to total uterine wall thickness （P<0.05）. In addition， 21 circRNAs， 518 lncRNAs， and 17 miRNAs were differentially expressed in the enema group. The disease-related specific circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network composed of 629 nodes and 664 edges contained 2 circRNAs， 34 miRNAs， and 593 mRNAs. The lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network composed of 180 nodes and 212 edges contained 5 lncRNAs， 10 miRNAs， and 164 mRNAs. The mNRAs were mainly enriched in Hippo signaling pathway， autophagy-animal， axon guidance， etc. ConclusionBushen Huoxue enema can treat KDBS-TE in rats by regulating specific circRNAs， lncRNAs， and miRNAs in the uterus and the ceRNA network.

Establishment and genotype identification of hepatic stellate cell-specific Grk2 gene knockout mouse model / 中国药理学通报

Aim To establish a stable hepatic stellate cell ( HSC ) -specific G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 ( GRK2 ) knockout mice and provide the important animal model for further studying the biological function of GRK2 in HSC. Methods The loxP-labeled Grk2 gene mouse (Grk2

Effect of suspension combined with acupuncture on chronic non-specific neck pain / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of suspension combined with acupuncture on chronic non-specific neck pain (CNNP). MethodsA total of 81 patients with unilateral CNNP from the rehabilitation outpatient clinic of Wangjing Hospital from March, 2022 to March, 2023 were divided into suspension group (n = 27), acupuncture group ((n = 27) and combined group (n = 27) randomely. The suspension group underwent conventional suspension, the acupuncture group received conventional acupuncture treatment, and the combined group underwent suspension and acupuncture, for six weeks. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Neck Disability Index (NDI), and cross-sectional area (CSA) of longus colli and multifidus in the neck using ultrasound imaging were compared before and after treatment. ResultsAfter treatment, the VAS and NDI score, and CSA of longus colli and multifidus improved in three groups (|t| > 4.473, P < 0.001), and the combined group was better than the other two groups (P < 0.05). ConclusionSuspension and acupuncture can relief the pain, improve function, and increase CSA of longus colli and multifidus in patients with unilateral CNNP, while the combination of the two methods is better.

Salvianolic Acid F Regulates Bax/Caspase-3/GSDME Signaling Pathway to Inhibit Pyroptosis of HK-2 Cells / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of salvianolic acid F （Sal F） in repairing the high glucose-induced injury in human kidney-2 （HK-2） cells via the B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）-associated X protein （Bax）/cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase 3 （Caspase-3）/gasdermin-E （GSDME） pathway. MethodThe cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） was used to measure the relative viability of HK-2 cells exposed to high glucose and different concentrations （2.5， 5， 10， 20 μmol·L-1） of Sal F and the relative viability of HK-2 cells treated with Sal F for different time periods. The levels of lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） and interleukin-1β （IL-1β） in the supernatant of the cell culture were measured by the LDH assay kit and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） kit， respectively. Flow cytometry combined with Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide （PI） and Hoechst 33342/PI staining was employed to reveal the proportion of PI-positive HK-2 cells exposed to high glucose. Western blotting was employed to determine the protein levels of Bax， Bcl-2， cytochrome C， cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase （Caspase）-9， Caspase-3， and GSDME in the HK-2 cells exposed to high glucose and treated with Sal F. The 2，7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate fluorescence probe （DCFH-DA） and mitochondrial membrane potential assay kit （JC-1） were used to determine the production of reactive oxygen species （ROS） and the mitochondrial membrane potential in the HK-2 cells exposed to high glucose and treated with Sal F. ResultCompared with the blank group， the model group showed decreased cell viability （P<0.01）， elevated levels LDH and IL-1β， increased proportion of PI-positive cells （P<0.01）， up-regulated protein levels of Bax， cytochrome C， Caspase-9， Caspase-3， and GSDME （P<0.01）， down-regulated protein level of Bcl-2 （P<0.01）， decreased mitochondrial membrane potential， and excessive ROS accumulation. Compared with the model group， Sal F repaired the high glucose-induced injury in HK-2 cells （P<0.05）， lowered the levels of LDH and IL-1β （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and decreased the proportion of PI-positive cells （P<0.01）. In addition， Sal F down-regulated the protein levels of Bax， cytochrome C， Caspase-9， Caspase-3， and GSDME and up-regulated the protein level of Bcl-2 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， increased the mitochondrial membrane potential， and decreased the accumulation of ROS in HK-2 cells. ConclusionSal F can reduce the production of ROS， restore the balance of mitochondrial membrane potential， and inhibit pyroptosis via the Bax/Caspase-3/GSDME signaling pathway to repair the high glucose-induced injury in HK-2 cells.

Pratiques de prise en charge de l'hypertension artérielle au Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire d' Abomey-Calavi au Bénin / NA

L'hypertension artérielle est une maladie à forte progression reste un problème de santé publique. Mais, les pratiques de sa prise en charge se heurtent à différents obstacles. Cette recherche questionne les problèmes qui caractérisent les pratiques de prise en charge de l'hypertension artérielle au Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire d'Abomey-Calavi au Bénin. Pour y parvenir, nous avons opté pour une analyse basée sur les méthodes quantitatives et qualitatives. L'échantillon est constitué de 130 personnes enquêtées. De l'analyse des résultats collectés, des difficultés éprouvées entre patients et agents de santé dans la prise en charge de l'hypertension artérielle, se caractérise par le manque de relation soignant-soigné. De même, 90% des enquêtés estiment avoir peu de ressources humaines qualifiées et du faible pouvoir d'achat des patients pour faire face aux coûts élevés du traitement de l'hypertension (86,75%). Ainsi, le manque de plateau technique et les frais de consultations spécialisées posent problèmes y compris les suivis de l'éducation hygiéno-diététique. Cet état de fait compromet les pratiques de prise en charge et les formations globales que le système soin est supposé assurer aux usagers qui le fréquentent. Ces résultats suggèrent l'urgence de formations pour le renforcement des capacités pour repérer la précarité et la réorganisation des mesures de prise en charge de l' hypertension artérielle dans le périmètre sanitaire béninois.

Arterial hypertension remains a rapidly growing public health problem. However, management practices face a number of obstacles. This research questions the problems that characterize arterial hypertension management practices at the Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire d'Abomey-Calavi in Benin. To achieve this, we opted for an analysis based on quantitative and qualitative methods. The sample consisted of 130 respondents. From the analysis of the results collected, of the difficulties experienced between patients and health workers in the management of arterial hypertension, most of those surveyed claimed to have a complexity that characterizes the training of health workers. Similarly, 90% of respondents felt that they had few non-cardiologist practitioners, and that patients had little purchasing power to meet the high costs of treating hypertension (86.75%). As a result, the cost of specialized consultations and complementary examinations poses a problem, including follow-up health and diet education. This state of affairs compromises management practices and the comprehensive training that the healthcare system is supposed to provide for its users. These results suggest the urgent need for training to identify precariousness, and the reorganization of hypertension management measures within the Beninese health perimeter.

Desempenho em decodificação e escrita de crianças com Transtorno do Desenvolvimento da Linguagem: dados preliminares / Performance in decoding and writing of children with Developmental Language Disorder: preliminary data

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar o desempenho de crianças com diagnóstico de Transtorno do Desenvolvimento da Linguagem em provas de decodificação e escrita para assim entender melhor suas manifestações e o processo de aquisição das habilidades da linguagem escrita. Método Foram sujeitos do estudo 80 crianças. Compuseram o Grupo-Pesquisa 16 crianças com diagnóstico de Transtorno do Desenvolvimento da Linguagem, sendo 13 do gênero masculino e 3 do gênero feminino, média de idade de 7,3. O Grupo Controle contou com 64 sujeitos pareados em gênero, idade, escolaridade e nível sócio econômico com o Grupo Controle na proporção 4:1. Foi realizada avaliação da habilidade de decodificação de palavras e pseudopalavras de ambos os grupos, contabilizando-se o tempo de leitura de palavras corretas e a porcentagem de acertos, considerando-se também a extensão da palavra/pseudopalavra. A avaliação da escrita foi realizada no grupo controle, que teve seus erros ortográficos analisados e categorizados. Todos os dados passaram por análise estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados Os dados indicaram maior tempo de decodificação e menor porcentagem de acertos para as crianças do Grupo Pesquisa. Em relação aos erros ortográficos, observou-se a predominância de erros de ortografia arbitrária. Conclusão Os dados evidenciam que crianças com Transtorno do Desenvolvimento da Linguagem tendem a apresentar maior tempo de decodificação, maior porcentagem de erros do que seus além, de erros ortográficos mais concentrados na ortografia natural.

ABSTRACT Purpose to verify the performance of children with Developmental Language Disorder in decoding and writing tests in order to better understand their manifestations and the process of acquiring written language skills. Methods The study subjects were 80 children. The Research Group consisted of 16 children diagnosed with Developmental Language Disorder, 13 males and 3 females, mean age of 7.3. The Control Group counted on 64 subjects paired in gender, age, education and socioeconomic level with the Control Group in a 4:1 ratio. The ability to decode words and pseudowords of both groups was evaluated, measuring the time spent to correctly read words and the percentage of correct answers, also considering the length of the word/pseudoword. The writing evaluation was carried out in the control group, which had its spelling errors analyzed and categorized. All data underwent descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Results The data indicated a longer decoding time and a lower percentage of correct answers for the children from the Research Group. Regarding spelling errors, there was a predominance of arbitrary spelling errors. Conclusion The data showed that children with Developmental Language Disorder tend to have a longer decoding time, greater percentage of errors than their peers and tend to present spelling errors more concentrated in natural orthography.

Prática baseada em evidências e atuação clínica em linguagem infantil: uma pesquisa online com fonoaudiólogos brasileiros / Evidence-based practice and clinical practice in child language: an online survey with Brazilian speech-language pathologists

RESUMO Objetivo Caracterizar o conhecimento, habilidades, opiniões e principais barreiras percebidas por fonoaudiólogos, da área de linguagem infantil no Brasil, a respeito da prática baseada em evidências (PBE). Método O estudo foi conduzido entre agosto de 2021 e julho de 2022 por meio de um questionário online. Além de dados sociodemográficos e de campo de trabalho, foram considerados 22 itens relacionados à PBE e subdivididos em "conhecimento", "habilidades", "opinião" e "barreiras". Cada item apresentava cinco opções de resposta (discordo totalmente, discordo, não estou decidido, concordo, concordo totalmente). Ao total 122 fonoaudiólogos que atuam na área da linguagem infantil responderam ao questionário. Suas respostas foram descritas pela porcentagem de distribuição de frequência. O tempo de formação e o nível de domínio do inglês foram considerados para comparar o padrão de distribuição das respostas. Resultados Apesar da maioria dos fonoaudiólogos reportar ter aprendido as bases da PBE em sua formação acadêmica, há fragilidades em seu conhecimento e falta de domínio das estratégias de busca e avaliação crítica dos artigos científicos. Ainda que a maioria concorde que a aplicação da PBE é necessária para a prática fonoaudiológica e considere precisar aumentar o uso de evidências científicas em sua prática diária, são apontadas como barreiras a falta de artigos, dificuldades relacionadas à aplicação prática de resultados científicos e falta de apoio coletivo entre os colegas. Conclusão Este estudo alerta a comunidade acadêmica para a urgência de se considerar a PBE no contexto da Fonoaudiologia brasileira.

ABSTRACT Purpose To characterize the knowledge, skills, opinions, and main barriers perceived by speech-language pathologists, in child language in Brazil, regarding evidence-based practice (EBP). Methods The study was conducted between August 2021 and July 2022 using an online questionnaire. In addition to sociodemographic and field data, 22 items related to EBP were considered and subdivided into "knowledge", "skills", "opinion" and "barriers". Each item had five response options (strongly disagree, disagree, not decided, agree, strongly agree). A total of 122 speech-language pathologists who work with child language answered the questionnaire. Their responses were described by the percentage of frequency distribution. The time since graduation and the level of proficiency in English were considered to compare the distribution pattern of the answers. Results Although most speech-language pathologists report having learned the basics of EBP in their academic training, there are weaknesses in their knowledge and lack of mastery of search strategies and critical evaluation of scientific articles. Although most agree that EBP's use is necessary for speech-language practice and consider the need to increase the use of scientific evidence in their daily practice, the lack of articles, difficulties related to the practical application of scientific results and lack of collective support among colleagues are identified as barriers. Conclusion This study alerts the academic community to the urgency of considering EBP in the context of Brazilian Speech-Language Pathology.

Factores pronósticos de metástasis ósea en pacientes con cáncer de próstata / Predictive factors for bone metastasis in patients with prostate cancer i: en

El adenocarcinoma de próstata es considerado una de las neoplasias más frecuentes en hombres mayores de 60 años, y su metástasis ósea constituye una de las complicaciones de peor pronóstico. Objetivo: Estimar los factores pronósticos de metástasis ósea en pacientes con cáncer de próstata. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico de 73 pacientes con cáncer de próstata, asistidos en el Hospital Oncológico Conrado Benítez de Santiago de Cuba en el período 2018-2022. Entre las variables analizadas figuraron: edad, color de la piel, manifestaciones clínicas, tiempo de aparición de la metástasis ósea, grado de diferenciación celular, nivel de antígeno prostático específico y diagnóstico imagenológico. Resultados: En la serie predominó el grupo etario de 60-69 años (50,7 %) y el promedio de edad fue de 67 años; asimismo, prevalecieron los pacientes de piel negra, el dolor óseo como síntoma más frecuente y el diagnóstico imagenológico de metástasis ósea por tomografía axial computarizada (48,0 %). Se observó un aumento proporcional de los valores del antígeno prostático específico y de la puntuación de Gleason en relación con la aparición de metástasis. Conclusiones: Los factores pronósticos que permiten estimar la presencia de metástasis ósea en pacientes con cáncer de próstata son la edad avanzada, el color negro de la piel y los valores de antígeno prostático específico por encima de 20 ng/mL.

Prostate adenocarcinoma is considered one of the most frequent neoplasms in men over 60 years, and bone metastasis constitutes one of the complications with the worst prognosis. Objective: Estimate the predictive factors for bone metastasis in patients with prostate cancer. Methods: An analytic study of 73 patients with prostate cancer was carried out. They were assisted at Conrado Benítez Cancer Hospital in Santiago de Cuba during 2018-2022. The variables analyzed included: age, skin color, clinical manifestations, onset time of bone metastasis, degree of cellular differentiation, prostate-specific antigen level and imaging diagnosis. Results: In the series there was a prevalence of the 60-69 age group (50.7%) and the average age was 67 years; also, dark skinned patients, bone pain as more frequent symptom and imaging diagnosis of bone metastasis by computerized axial tomography prevailed (48.0%). A proportional increase of prostate-specific antigen values and Gleason punctuation was observed in relation to the metastasis onset. Conclusions: The predictive factors for estimating the presence of bone metastasis in patients with prostate cancer are the advanced age, black skin color and prostate-specific antigen values above 20 ng/mL.

Alterações pragmáticas em crianças com Transtorno Fonológico: uma revisão sistemática / Pragmatic disorders in children with Phonological Disorder: a systematic review / Alteraciones pragmáticas en niños con Trastorno Fonológico: una revisión sistemática

Introdução: A pragmática é definida como o uso social da linguagem e a fonologia diz respeito à organização fonêmica e silábica. No Transtorno Fonológico são observadas alterações nessa organização, sendo possível também afetar a pragmática. Objetivo: Compreender e demonstrar se há alterações pragmáticas em crianças com Transtorno Fonológico. Metodologia: A busca por estudos foi realizada utilizando as bases de dados eletrônicas: Embase, Google Scholar, Portal Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) - (LILACS), PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, Web of Science, e Base de Dados de Teses e Dissertações. Foram utilizados os descritores: "child", "speech sound disorder", "language tests", "verbal behavior", "social communication disorder" e "observational studies as topic" e seus sinônimos. Os artigos selecionados atendiam aos seguintes critérios: amostra composta por crianças de 4 a 10 anos com Transtorno Fonológico e dentro do desenvolvimento padrão, apresentar avaliações da pragmática dessas crianças, e delineamento observacional. A análise dos artigos foi feita pela leitura na íntegra e os dados foram extraídos para a avaliação da qualidade metodológica e dos achados. Resultados: Foram encontrados seis artigos, sendo quatro nacionais e dois internacionais. Discussão: Cinco estudos demonstraram haver alterações pragmáticas em crianças com Transtorno Fonológico, enquanto um concluiu que não havia relação. Considerações finais: A presente revisão sistemática revelou que estudos evidenciam alterações pragmáticas em crianças com Transtorno Fonológico, especialmente acerca da inteligibilidade de fala e de como isso afeta as iniciativas de comunicação. Todavia, devido ao baixo número de estudos, são necessárias futuras pesquisas na temática para dados com evidências mais robustas. (AU)

Introduction: Pragmatics is defined as the social use of language while phonology looks to phonemic and syllabic organization. In the phonological disorder, problems are observed in this organization being possible to affect the pragmatics too. Objective: To understand and demonstrate if there are pragmatic alterations in children with Phonological Disorder. Methodology: The search for studies was carried out using electronic databases: Embase, Google Scholar, BVS - (LILACS), PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, Web of Science and The Theses and Dissertations Database. The descriptors used were: "child", "speech sound disorder", "language tests", "verbal behavior", "social communication disorder" and "observational studies as topic" and their synonyms. The selected articles met the following criteria: sample composed of children aged 4 to 10 with phonological disorder and within standard development, evaluations of the pragmatics of these children, and observational design. The articles were analyzed by reading them in their entirety and the data were extracted to evaluate the methodological quality and the findings. Results: Six articles were found, four national and two international. Discussion: Five studies showed that there were pragmatic alterations in children with phonological disorder and one concluded that there was no relationship. Final considerations: The present systematic review revealed that the studies show pragmatic alterations in children with phonological disorder, especially regarding the intelligibility of their speech and how this may affect communication initiatives. However, due to the low number of studies, there seems to be a need for future research relating the two subjects for such evidence to be more robust. (AU)

Introducción: La pragmática se define como el uso social del lenguaje y la fonología como la organización fonémica y silábica. En el Trastorno Fonológico, hay cambios en esta organización, y es posible afectar la pragmática. Objetivo: Comprender y demostrar si existen cambios pragmáticos en niños con Trastorno Fonológico. Metodología: Búsqueda de estudios realizados en bases de datos electrónicas: Embase, Google Scholar, Portal Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS) - (LILACS), PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, Web of Science y Banco de Tesis y Disertaciones. Fueron utilizados los siguientes descriptores: "niño", "trastorno de los sonidos del habla", "pruebas de lenguaje", "conducta verbal", "trastorno de la comunicación social" y "estudios observacionales como tema" y sus sinónimos. Los artículos seleccionados cumplieron con los siguientes criterios: muestra compuesta por niños de 4 a 10 años con Trastorno Fonológico y dentro del desarrollo estándar, valoraciones de la pragmática de estos niños y diseño observacional. Los artículos fueron analizados mediante lectura comprensiva y se extrajeron datos para evaluar la calidad metodológica de los hallazgos. Resultados: Se encontraron seis artículos, cuatro nacionales y dos internacionales. Discusión: Cinco estudios mostraron cambios pragmáticos en niños con Trastorno Fonológico y uno concluyó que no había relación. Consideraciones finales: Esta revisión sistemática reveló que los estudios muestran alteraciones pragmáticas en niños con Trastorno Fonológico, especialmente en cuanto a la inteligibilidad de su habla y cómo esto puede afectar las iniciativas de comunicación. Sin embargo, debido al bajo número de estudios, se necesita más investigación sobre el tema para que la evidencia sea más sólida. (AU)

Reflexiones sobre el desentrenamiento deportivo como competencia profesional específica

El desentrenamiento deportivo, como competencia profesional específica, constituye objeto de trabajo en la formación inicial del Licenciado en Cultura Física, al ser este un actor social en contextos sociales y desde esta perspectiva, se ha orientado la mirada reflexiva sobre su importancia; se precisa además, como una competencia que posibilita la asesoría para la salud desde el eslabón de base no solo en el alto rendimiento, de ahí la necesidad de desarrollarla con un enfoque salubrista, preventivo y profiláctico. Aunque varios estudios abordan esta temática, se detectaron carencias teóricas en los modelos de referencia; en consecuencia, se trazó como objetivo del trabajo reflexionar sobre el desentrenamiento deportivo como competencia profesional específica en la formación del Licenciado en Cultura Física, desde la actividad laboral investigativa. Se emplearon métodos como el análisis-síntesis y el sistémico estructural funcional que posibilitaron profundizar en investigaciones sobre las competencias profesionales con una óptica analítica, interpretativa y crítica. Como conclusiones, se corroboraron las limitaciones teóricas relacionadas con el desentrenamiento deportivo como competencia profesional específica, así como la posibilidad de complementar y enriquecer el modelo actuante, a partir de la práctica formativa desde el pregrado, lo que contribuyó a brindar mejor solución a los problemas del desentrenamiento en el eslabón de base.

A desformação desportiva, enquanto competência profissional específica, constitui objeto de trabalho na formação inicial do Licenciado em Cultura Física, por ser este um ator social em contextos sociais e nesta perspetiva tem orientado o olhar reflexivo sobre a sua importância; Exige-se também como uma competência que possibilite o aconselhamento em saúde desde a base, não apenas no alto rendimento, daí a necessidade de desenvolvê-la com enfoque sanitário, preventivo e profilático. Embora vários estudos abordem essa questão, foram detectadas deficiências teóricas nos modelos de referência; Diante disso, o objetivo do trabalho foi refletir sobre o destreinamento esportivo como competência profissional específica na formação do Bacharel em Cultura Física, a partir da atividade laboral investigativa. Foram utilizados métodos como análise-síntese e sistêmico-funcional estrutural, que possibilitaram o aprofundamento da pesquisa sobre competências profissionais a partir de uma perspectiva analítica, interpretativa e crítica. Como conclusões, foram corroboradas as limitações teóricas relacionadas à destreinamento esportivo como competência profissional específica, bem como a possibilidade de complementar e enriquecer o modelo de atuação, baseado na prática de treinamento desde a graduação, o que contribuiu para uma melhor solução dos problemas. o elo básico.

Detraining in sports, as a specific professional competence, constitutes an object of work in the initial training of the Bachelor of Physical Culture degree, as this is a social actor in social contexts and from this perspective, the reflective gaze on its importance has been oriented; it is also required as a competence that enables health advice from the base link, not only in high performance, hence the need to develop it with a health, preventive and prophylactic approach. Although several studies address this issue, theoretical deficiencies were detected in the reference models; consequently, the objective of the work was to reflect on sports detraining as a specific professional competence in the formation of the Bachelor of Physical Culture degree, from the research work activity. Methods such as analysis-synthesis and structural-functional systemic were used, which made it possible to deepen research on professional skills from an analytical, interpretative and critical perspective. As conclusions, the theoretical limitations related to sports detraining as a specific professional competence were corroborated, as well as the possibility of complementing and enriching the acting model, based on training practice from undergraduate, which contributed to providing a better solution to problems. detraining in the base link.

Clinicopathological correlation of various prostatic lesions with serum prostate-specific antigen level – A hospital-based cross-sectional study

Background: The prostate is a male reproductive accessory gland which gives rise to several pathological conditions. The present study aims to study the correlation of histopathology of prostatic diseases with the clinical profile of the patient coming to VSS Medical College (VSSMC), Burla for histopathological reporting of prostatic biopsies. Aim and Objectives: The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) To correlate serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level with various clinical and pathological lesions of the prostrate gland, in a Hospital-based sample of Western Odisha population. (2) As the male gender represents almost half of the entire population, to find out different clinicopathological lesions, percentage-wise, so as to know the frequency of occurrence of such lesions. Materials and Methods: Fifty-seven cases of prostatic diseases were recorded in the Department of Pathology, VSSMC, Burla for histopathological examination of prostatic tissue for 2 years from September 2017 to August 2019. All the samples were fixed in 5 ? sections with 10% neutral buffered formalin. Then Hematoxylin and Eosin stain (H and E stain) was used for staining. Appropriate clinical data comprising signs and symptoms, laboratory findings, and serum PSA levels were recorded. Results: The present study, in the beginning, consisted of 64 patients, out of which seven patients were excluded by exclusion criteria, and finally, 57 cases were analyzed. The most prevalent age group for all prostatic diseases was 61–70 years with a mean of 67 years. The majority of the cases (73.67%) were benign mostly benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) was 12.29% and malignant cases (all adenocarcinoma) were also 12.29%. All patients showed prostatomegaly. About 50% of cases suggestive of malignancy by digital rectal examination (DRE) were confirmed to be carcinoma by histopathological study. Serum creatinine level was raised in 16.27% of benign and 21.42% of premalignant and malignant conditions. Serum PSA level below 4 ng/mL were all benign and above 10 ng/mL were majority malignant conditions. However, at level 4–10 ng/mL, BPH and PIN cases were overlapped with cases of carcinoma. Conclusion: Benign prostatic hyperplasia is the most commonly encountered prostatic lesion. Serum PSA level <4 ng/mL is associated with benign conditions and more than 10 ng/mL is associated more with carcinomas. Although, investigations such as DRE and serum PSA estimation aid in diagnosis, a definitive diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions of prostate can be made by histopathological study of prostatic biopsies.

Detección de novedad y codificación predictiva en el sistema auditivo: Impacto clínico en disfunciones auditivas y vestibulares. Revisión de la literatura / Deviance detection and predictive coding in the auditory system: Clinical impact in auditory and vestibular dysfunctions

Una propiedad fundamental de los sistemas sensoriales es su capacidad para detectar estímulos novedosos en el entorno. El sistema nervioso posee neuronas que disminuyen su respuesta a los estímulos sonoros que se repiten a lo largo del tiempo y otras neuronas que aumentan su frecuencia de disparo ante estímulos novedosos, siendo la diferencia entre ambas respuestas conocida como adaptación-específica a estímulos. En las últimas décadas, se ha propuesto que el cerebro establece, continuamente, predicciones de los estímulos novedosos y del entorno basándose en sus experiencias previas y en modelos de representación internos, teoría denominada codificación predictiva. En esta revisión, abordaremos algunos conceptos de la adaptación-específica a estímulos y codificación predictiva, centrándonos principalmente en el sistema auditivo. Por último, propondremos una explicación teórica basada en el marco de la codificación predictiva para algunas disfunciones neuropsiquiátricas, auditivas y vestibulares.

A fundamental property of sensory systems is their ability to detect novel stimuli in the environment. The nervous system possesses neurons that decrease their response to sound stimuli that are repeated over time and other neurons that increase their firing rate to novel stimuli, the difference between the two responses being known as stimulus-specific adaptation. In recent decades, it has been proposed that the brain continuously makes predictions of novel stimuli and the environment based on its previous experiences and internal representational models, a theory called predictive coding. In this review, we will address some concepts of stimulus-specific adaptation and predictive coding, focusing mainly on the auditory system. Finally, we will propose a theoretical explanation based on the predictive coding framework for some neuropsychiatric, auditory, and vestibular dysfunctions.

Evaluation of prostate-specific antigen and total serum acid phosphatase in prostatic carcinoma

Background: The importance of prostatic carcinoma and its detection has increased manifold over the last few decades. Total serum acid phosphatase (ACP) was the world’s first emerged clinically useful tumor marker in the 1940s and 1950s in patients with prostatic diseases. With the introduction of the prostatic specific antigen (PSA) test in the 1980s, which performed significantly better in screening and treatment programs bringing disfavor to the advent of ACP. Aims and Objectives: To determine serum PSA and total serum ACP in patients with prostatic cancer and benign prostatic diseases, followed by evaluation of these tumor markers. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 30 patients with histologically proven cases of prostatic carcinoma and compared against 30 patients as control with benign prostatic pathology, residing in Punjab who were admitted and treated with symptoms complex of prostatism or retention urine or other urinary complaints as the primary symptoms. PSA and ACP in serum were determined using ELISA test kit and King and Kind method, respectively. Results: The mean level of serum PSA was 81.19 ± 49.02 for cancer prostate and 4.975 for benign prostatic diseases, while the mean level of serum ACP was 5.22 ± 1.70 and 2.52 ± 2.27, respectively, for the cancer prostate and benign prostatic diseases showing statistically difference between study and control groups was highly significant as P < 0.0001. Conclusion: Statistical analysis and results of the present study indicated that although serum ACP has better specificity to PSA, yet later is a very sensitive tumor marker in prostate diseases for screening, diagnosis, and post-treatment follow-up.

Significance of leukocyte-specific transcript 1 levels in nasal mucosal tissue to predict recurrence of nasal polyps

Abstract Objective: Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Polyps (CRSwNP) is characterized by high heterogeneity and postoperative recurrence rate. This study aims to explore the clinical significance of tissue Leukocyte-Specific Transcript 1 (LST1) in predicting CRSwNP recurrence. Methods: We enrolled 62 CRSwNP patients including 30 primary CRSwNP and 32 recurrent CRSwNP patients, and 40 Healthy Controls (HC). Tissue samples were collected. Tissue LST1 expression was assessed by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), Western Blotting (WB) and Immunofluorescence (IF) staining. The predictive values of LST1 expression for CRSwNP postoperative recurrence were assessed through the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: The tissue levels of LST1 were significantly increased in the CRSwNP group than the HC group, especially in the recurrent group, and the elevated LST1 mRNA levels were positively correlated with the peripheral eosinophil percentages, tissue eosinophil counts and percentages. IF staining results showed that the LST1 protein levels were higher in CRSwNP patients, especially in the recurrent patients than in the HC group. ROC curves highlighted that tissue LST1 levels were associated with recurrent CRSwNP and exhibited a higher predictive ability for postoperative CRSwNP recurrence. Conclusion: This was the first report suggesting that LST1 expression was upregulated and associated with mucosal eosinophil infiltration and CRSwNP recurrence. Tissue LST1 could be a promising biomarker for predicting postoperative recurrence in CRwNP patients.

Propuesta de competencias profesionales específicas para la formación de los especialistas en gastroenterología / A proposal of specific professional competences for the training of gastroenterology specialists

Introducción: La formación con calidad del capital humano en el sector salud constituye un reto para la educación médica cubana contemporánea. La formación académica, en particular la especialidad, tiene el cometido de formar un profesional con alta competencia y avanzadas capacidades para el desempeño especializado, solidez de los principios ético-morales y elevada calificación científico-técnica, por lo que el desarrollo de competencias profesionales resulta una prioridad para la formación de los especialistas biomédicos. Objetivo: Elaborar una propuesta de competencias profesionales específicas para la formación de los especialistas en gastroenterología. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio educacional, de investigación aplicativa, bajo el enfoque general dialéctico-materialista, con fundamento en teorías y enfoques filosóficos, psicológicos y legales de las leyes de la educación, y de la educación médica en particular. Asimismo, se utilizaron métodos teóricos, empíricos y estadístico-matemáticos. Resultados: Se elaboró una definición operativa de competencias profesionales específicas en gastroenterología, a partir del estudio del sistema de competencias y de la sistematización de los documentos rectores en dicha formación. También se identificaron y definieron las competencias profesionales específicas en las áreas asistencial, docente, investigativa y de dirección, que posibilitaron la mejora en el desempeño profesional de los futuros especialistas. Conclusiones: La formación basada en el desarrollo de competencias profesionales específicas constituye una prioridad para la educación médica y la salud pública cubana contemporánea, en aras de elevar la calidad del proceso formativo en la especialidad de gastroenterología y la atención médica que brindan estos galenos en los niveles de atención en salud(AU)

Introduction: The quality training of human capital in the health sector is a challenge for contemporary Cuban medical education. Academic training, particularly the residence, has the task of training a professional with high competence and advanced capabilities for specialized performance, solid ethical-moral principles and high scientific-technical qualification; therefore, the development of professional competences is a priority for the training of biomedical specialists. Objective: To elaborate a proposal of specific professional competences for the training of gastroenterology specialists. Methods: An educational study of applicative research was carried out under the general dialectical-materialistic approach and based on philosophical, psychological and legal theories and approaches of the laws of education and, particularly, of medical education. Theoretical, empirical and statistical-mathematical methods were also used. Results: An operational definition of specific professional competences in gastroenterology was elaborated, based on the study of the system of competences and the systematization of the guiding documents for such training. Specific professional competences were also identified and defined in the care, teaching, research and management areas, which allowed to improve the professional performance of future specialists. Conclusions: Training based on the development of specific professional competences is a priority for contemporary Cuban public health and medical education, in view of raising the quality of the training process in the specialty of gastroenterology and the medical care provided by these physicians at the levels of healthcare(AU)

De que morrem as crianças de 5 a 14 anos no estado do Rio de Janeiro? Análise do período 2000-2019 / What do children aged 5 to 14 years die from in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil? Trend analysis of the period 2000-2019

Resumo Objetivou-se investigar a magnitude e a tendência da mortalidade de crianças de 5 a 14 anos por causas, no estado do Rio de Janeiro, de 2000 a 2019. Estudo ecológico de tendência temporal utilizando dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM). Calcularam-se taxas de mortalidade por 100 mil crianças, por capítulos, grupos e categorias (CID-10). Estimou-se a série temporal por regressão joinpoint. As taxas de mortalidade de 10 a 14 anos foram superiores às da faixa de 5 a 9 anos. As cinco principais causas foram as mesmas de 5 a 14 anos, com diferente ordem de importância. As duas principais foram causas externas e neoplasias (31% e 15% para 5 a 9 anos; 45% e 11% para 10 a 14 anos). De 5 a 9 anos, a tendência da mortalidade teve declínio anual (8%) entre 2011 e 2015. De 10 a 14 anos, o declínio anual foi 1,3%, de 2000 a 2019. A mortalidade por causas externas decresceu em ambas as faixas, menos para a categoria "Agressão por arma de fogo" (meninos,10-14 anos) e "Afogamento" (meninos, 5-9 anos). A mortalidade por neoplasias ficou estável para todos. Doenças infecciosas e respiratórias decresceram de forma diferenciada entre os grupos. A maioria das causas de morte é evitável ou tratável, apontando necessidade de investimentos em saúde e intersetoriais.

Abstract This study investigated the magnitude and trends of cause-specific mortality among children 5 to 14 years of age in the state of Rio de Janeiro (RJ) from 2000 to 2019. We performed an ecological study, using data from the Mortality Information System (MIS). We calculated mortality rates per 100,000 children by chapters, groups, and categories of causes of death (ICD-10). Trends were estimated by joinpoint regression. Mortality rates among children aged 10 to 14 years were higher than those among children 5 to 9. The five leading causes of death were the same in both age groups, but they ranked differently. The two leading ones were external causes and neoplasms (31% and 15% among children aged 5 to 9 years; 45% and 11% among children aged 10 to 14 years). Among children 5 to 9 years, the mortality trend showed an annual decline (8%) from 2011 to 2015. Among children aged 10 to 14 years, the annual decline was 1.3% from 2000 to 2019. Mortality due to external causes decreased in both age groups, except for the category "Assault by unspecified firearm" (boys, 10 to 14 years) and "Unspecified drowning and submersion" (boys, 5 to 9 years). Mortality caused by neoplasms remained steady in both age groups. Infectious and respiratory diseases decreased differently between the two groups. Most causes of death are preventable or treatable, indicating the need for health and intersectoral investments.

Rediscovering the relevance of clinical medicine with a case of Chilaiditi’s syndrome

Chilaiditi’s sign is a rare radiological diagnosis characterized by colonic interposition between the diaphragm and the liver, and when symptomatic it is known as Chilaiditi’s syndrome. We report that the case of a 55-years-old male, who was referred to our institution as a case of colitis, with the symptoms of recurrent vomiting, pain abdomen, and altered bowel habit, was eventually diagnosed to have Chilaiditi’s syndrome with non-specific colitis, after carefully taking the history and clinically examining the patient

DNA molecular identification of Polyrhachis dives medicinal materials / 药学学报

In the study, specific primers were designed based on the CO Ⅰ gene sequence of Polyrhachis dives. By optimizing the genomic DNA extraction method and amplification conditions, we established an efficient, specific, and accurate DNA molecular identification method for Polyrhachis dives. In this method, the length of the target fragment was 294-308 bp, and the other counterfeits had no target bands. In this paper, the specific identification method of the origin of Polyrhachis dives established can be used to identify the medicinal materials of Polyrhachis dives accurately.