ABSTRACT
Abstract Diseases involving the spinal cord include a heterogeneous group of abnormalities, including those of inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic, vascular, metabolic, and traumatic origin. Making the clinical differentiation between different entities is often difficult, magnetic resonance imaging being the diagnostic method of choice. Although the neuroimaging findings are not pathognomonic, many are quite suggestive, and the radiologist can assist in the diagnosis and, consequently, in the therapeutic guidance. In this second part of our article, the objective is to review the magnetic resonance imaging findings of the main inflammatory and infectious spinal cord injuries.
Resumo As doenças que envolvem a medula espinal incluem um grupo heterogêneo de anomalias, englobando causas inflamatórias, infecciosas, neoplásicas, vasculares, metabólicas e traumáticas. Muitas vezes a diferenciação clínica entre as diversas entidades é difícil, sendo a ressonância magnética a modalidade de escolha na investigação diagnóstica. Apesar de os achados de neuroimagem não serem patognomônicos, muitos são bastante sugestivos, podendo o radiologista auxiliar no diagnóstico e, consequentemente, na orientação terapêutica. O objetivo desta segunda parte do artigo é revisar os achados de ressonância magnética das principais lesões medulares inflamatórias e infecciosas.
ABSTRACT
Spinal intradural arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are a rare type of neurovascular malformation. Many a time hemodynamic disturbs associated to these entities can cause edema with subsequent myelopathy. On MRI study, this edema can mimic an intramedullary tumor. We report a rare case of spinal intradural AVFs mimicking an intramedullary tumor, which also were surprisingly associated with a giant intracranial aneurysm. We highlight in detail the MRI findings in intramedullary lesions, and also emphasize that these entities requires as careful differential diagnosis as supplementary investigation of the neuroaxis looking for other simultaneous neurovascular pathologies.
Fístulas arteriovenosas espinhais intradurais são um tipo raro de malformação neurovascular. Muitas vezes, distúrbios hemodinâmicos associados a essa entidade podem causar edema com subsequente mielopatia. Em estudos de ressonância magnética, esse edema pode mimetizar um tumor intramedular. Relata-se um caso raro de fistula arteriovenosa espinhal intradural mimetizando um tumor intramedular, que também estava associado a um aneurisma cerebral gigante. Destacam-se em detalhes os achados de RM nas lesões intramedulares, assim como se enfatiza que essas entidades requerem tanto um diagnóstico diferencial criterioso quanto uma investigação complementar do neuroeixo procurando por outras patologias neurovasculares associadas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Intracranial Aneurysm/complications , Arteriovenous Fistula/diagnosis , Spinal Cord Neoplasms/complications , Spine/pathology , Spinal Cord/pathologyABSTRACT
Objective To observe the effect of Aitongping on c-fos gene expression and substance P(SP) content in spinal dorsal horn of rats with formalin-induced pain.Methods Fifty SD rats were randomized into 5 groups: blank control group,model group,tramadol group(0.06g/kg),high-and low-dose Aitongping groups(36 and 18g/kg respectively).Rats model of pain was induced by subcutaneous injection of formalin into the plantar surface of the left hind paw of rats.The fos gene expression and SP content were observed in superficial lamella of spinal dorsal horn of spinal section from the lumbar vertebrae L3 to L5 by immunohistochemical method.Results The number of neurons with fos gene expression positive and the optical density(D value) of reactants with SP expression positive were increased in the model group(P
ABSTRACT
0.05).Muscular tension improvement in SG group and baclofen group differed from that in the model group(P0.05).GABA expression in the spinal dorsal horn was decreased in SG group and baclofen group as compared with the model group(P0.05).Conclusion The therapeutic mechanism of SG for the treatment of muscular hypertonia after stroke is probably related with the spinal expression of GABA.