Eimeria intricata Spiegel, 1925 em ovinos de Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil / Eimeria intricata Spiegel, 1925 in sheep Mossoro, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

Objetivou-se identificar através da morfometria, espécimes de Eimeria em ovinos. Realizou-se oocistograma (OOPG) em 50 ovinos da raça Dorper de Mossoró, RN. As amostras fecais positivas no OOPG foram submetidas à esporulação em solução aquosa de bicromato de potássio 2,5% por sete dias, sob temperatura ambiente (≅ 27ºC). Foi feita identificação de 100 oocistos selecionados aleatoriamente no exame de microscopia óptica (objetiva de 40X, fator de correção 0,333). Os dados foram expressos em média, desvio padrão, valores mínimos e máximos, calculados pelo programa estatístico SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) 21.0. Os coccídeos, objeto deste trabalho, classificados em Eimeria intricata Spiegel, 1925 apresentaram: oocisto com média de comprimento 50,83µm (43,29-53,28µm); largura média 36,18µm (33,30-39,96µm) e índice morfométrico médio 1,40 (1,18-1,60); esporocisto com média de comprimento 19,09µm (16.65-9,98µm); largura média 11,98 (9,99-13,32µm) e índice morfométrico médio 1,60µm (1,50-2,0µm). Este registro amplia o conhecimento da ocorrência de E intricata em mais uma localidade do Nordeste brasileiro e auxilia a reconhecer que a existência da mesma nos rebanhos ovinos do Rio Grande do Norte pode não desencadear quadros patogênicos, mas indica falhas no manejo dos animais.

The objective of this study was to identify morphometry, Eimeria specimens of Dorper sheep of Mossoró, RN. Oocyst (OOPG) was performed on 50 sheep. Positive faecal samples in the OOPG were submitted to sporulation in aqueous solution of 2.5% potassium dichromate for seven days, at room temperature (≅ 27ºC). Identification of 100 randomly selected oocysts was performed on the optical microscopy (objective 40X, correction factor 0.333). Data were expressed as mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values, calculated by the statistical program SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) 21.0. The coccidia, object of this work, classified in Eimeria intricata Spiegel, 1925 presented: oocyst with average length 50.83µm (43.29-53.28µm); Mean width 36.18µm (33.30-39.96µm) and mean morphometric index 1.40 (1.18-1.60); Sporocyst with a mean length of 19.09µm (16.65-9.98µm); Mean width 11.98 (9.99-13.32µm) and mean morphometric index 1.60µm (1.50-2.0µm). This record amplifies the knowledge of the occurrence of E.intricata in another locality of the Northeast of Brazil and helps to recognize that the existence of the same in the sheep flocks of Rio Grande do Norte may not trigger pathogenic conditions, but indicates failures in the management of the animals.

Prevalence of Enteric Protozoan Oocysts with Special Reference to Sarcocystis cruzi among Fecal Samples of Diarrheic Immunodeficient Patients in Iran

The genus Sarcocystis is not usually considered as an important enteric pathogen in immune compromised patients. It might be expected that species for which humans are the final host (Sarcocystis hominis and Sarcocystis suihominis as well as possibly others) would be encountered increasingly often in immunodeficient persons. This study aimed to address how to detect and differentiate Sarcocystis oocysts and/or sporocysts from enteric protozoans in the diarrheal samples of immunodeficient patients in Shiraz, Iran. Diarrheal samples of 741 immunodeficient patients with recurrent persistent or chronic diarrhea were examined by microscopy and molecular biological analysis. Oocysts-positive samples were 68 Cryptosporidium spp., 9 Cystoisospora belli (syn. Isospora belli), 2 Cyclospora cayetanensis, and 15 microsporidia (Enterocytozoon bieneusi). Sarcocystis-like sporocysts found from a woman were identified as Sarcocystis cruzi through 18S rDNA amplification and phylogenetic analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of S. cruzi from a human.

Seasonal variation in toxicity of citral against Fasciola larva

Objective:To test whether the larvicidal activity of citral against Fasciola varies by season. Methods:Mortality of Fasciola larva in different month of year (2011-2012) in in vitro and in vivo condition were observed at 2 h, 4 h, 6 h and 8 h exposure of citral. Results:In vitro toxicity of citral against redia was highest in between the June to August (8 h LC50: 2.58-2.62 mg/L), whereas against cercaria 8 h LC50 was in between 3.44-2.62 mg/L. Highest in vivo toxicity against redia was noted in between June to August (8h LC50: 4.20-5.09 mg/L). The lowest toxicity was observed from November to April. The highest temperature, free carbon dioxide, and lowest pH, dissolved oxygen were observed from June to August. Conclusions:The present study conclusively shows that varying a biotic factor can significantly alter the in vitro and in vivo toxicity of citral against sporocyst redia and cercaria larva.

Effects of Different Sizes of Glass Beads on the Release of Sporocysts from Eimeria tenella Oocysts

The oocyst wall is severed by means of mechanical injury or chemical agents. This study reports the percentage of in vitro sporocyst release following mechanical shaking in the presence of varying sizes of glass beads. Glass beads measured 0.5, 1, and 3 mm in diameter and were shaken with the oocysts for different times ranging from 5 sec to 5 min. Approximately 80% of sporocysts were released with 5 min of shaking in the presence of 3 mm glass beads, as well as 30 sec with 0.5 mm beads and 1 mm glass beads. The release of sporocysts of E. tenella was most efficient using 1 mm glass beads and treatment times of 30 sec to 1 min. Therefore, the use of 1 mm glass beads with 30 sec to 1 min of agitation is recommended in order to maximize sporocyst release and recovery and to improve the yield of viable sporozoites for use in biochemical, tissue culture, and immunological applications of coccidia.

Mechanism on symbiosis of Oncomelania hupensis and Schistosoma j aponicum / 中国人兽共患病学报

ABSTRACT:As the only intermediate host of Schistosoma j aponicum ,Oncomelania hupensis is an important link of schis‐tosomiasis .It plays an important role in the transmission of schistosomiasis .This article mainly demonstrates the following as‐pects :the invasion of schistosome miracidium into O .hupensis ,the growth of sporocyst ,and the mature and escape of cercari‐ae ,which would provide laboratory data from literatures for revealing the symbiotic relationship between O .hupensis and S . japonicum .However ,the symbiotic relationship between O .hupensis and S .japonicum is too complex to description com‐pletely .Therefore ,the symbiotic relationship will be the focus of future research .

Fasciolosis Control: Phytotherapy of Host Snail Lymnaea acuminata by Allicin to Kill Fasciola gigantica Larvae.

Aims: Fasciolosis is a widely distributed disease affecting the lives of herbivorous animals and human. The causative agents are Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica. Snail Lymnaea acuminata is the intermediate host of Fasciola species. Sporocyst, redia and cercaria are the larval stages found in the snail body. Methodology: The destruction of these larvae in intermediate host is one of the important methods to abolish the incidences of fasciolosis without, killing the snail. Mortality of larvae in in vitro and in vivo condition was observed at 2h, 4h, 6h and 8h, exposure of allicin an active component of Allium sativum. Results: Abiotic factors alter the toxicity of allicin against F. gigantica larvae in different months of year 2011-2012. Highest in vitro toxicity of allicin against redia larva was noted in July (8h LC50 0.001 mg/ml), where as in case of cercaria larva it was in month of June (8h LC50 0.005 mg/ml). Highest toxicity in in vivo treatments against redia and cercaria larvae was observed in February (8h LC50 0.013mg/L and 0.010 mg/L, respectively). The highest temperature, free carbon dioxide, lowest pH and dissolved oxygen were noted in the months of June to August. Conclusion: In vitro and in vivo treatment of allicin against Fasciola larvae is one of the new approaches to control the fasciolosis, without killing the host snail.

FURTHER OBSERVATION ON THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE SPOROCYST OF SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM / 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志

A further observation was conducted on the ultrastructure of mother sporccyst (Ms),daughter sporocyst in the brood chamber (b-Ds),migrating daughter sporccyst (mi-Es) and daughter sporocyst in the liver tissue (1-Ds) of Oncomelania hupensis by scanning and transmission electron microscopy.There are 5 points worthy of mention here,namely:(1)A special structure,microvilli polymerizing cisterna,is found on the tegument of 52-day-old Ms branche in all directions and a tubule-like structure is connected to the matrix of the tegument,The significance of this structure may be dealed with the metabolism and transport of the parasite.(2) The tegumental spines appear on 52-day-old Ms.(3) The function of multilaminated vesicle in the tegument of 1-Ds may be associated with the turning over of the surface coat of the larvae and the copatibiltiy between parasite and molluscan host.(4) Abundant ?-glycogen granules and mitochondria appear in the cytoplasm of parenchyma cell of brood chamber of Ms and Ds.It is proposed that the parenchymal cells not only served as the filling material,but also serve as the nursing cells for the regulation of asexual reproduction of the sporocysts.(5)The orientation of muscle fibers of the head of the mi-Ds and narrow node region of 1-Ds shows a well development of the inner longitudinal fibers adjacent to the outer circular muscle layer.They run anlero-posteriorly or vertically from the dorsal to the ventral.The pattern of muscle fibers may account for the activity of these regions of the parasite.(Figs 1-8)In short,the presentation of microvilli polymerizing cisterna,multilamilated vesicle,?-glycogen granules in parenchymal cell,the genesis of spine and the pattern of muscle fibers of the larval stage of schistosome might be helpful in understanding the asexual reproductive physiology of the parasite.