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Objective:To investigate the effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis ( P. gingivalis) fimbrillin (FimA) on the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods:Wild-type P. gingivalis and fimA gene-deleted P. gingivalis ( fimA-/-P. gingivalis) were used to infect ESCC cells after morphology and PCR identification. Immunofluorescence, CCK-8 and Transwell chamber were used to detect the effects of FimA on the infectivity of P. gingivalis and it influences on cell invasion, proliferation and migration. Western blot was used to detect pSmad2/3 changes. The growth of tumor was detected in a nude mouse model bearing subcutaneous tumor. Results:Deletion of FimA might reduce the interbacterial adhesion of P. gingivalis. Compared with wild-type P. gingivalis, less fimA-/-P. gingivalis could infect NE6-T cells. Moreover, the proliferation, migration and invasion of NE6-T and KYSE30 cells as well as the activation of pSmad2/3 induced by P. gingivalis were inhibited after deletion of FimA. The growth of KYSE30 infected by fimA-/-P. gingivalis in nude mice was significantly slower than that of the wild-type P. gingivalis group. Conclusions:FimA mediated the effects of P. gingivalis on promoting the evolution of ESCC and was a potential target molecule to block the tumor-promoting effect of P. gingivalis.
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Introduction: Induction chemotherapy in locally advancedhead and neck cancers prior to local therapy has beendemonstrated to be non-inferior to concurrent chemoradiationin terms of overall survival (OS). Despite possible lack ofsurvival advantage, downsizing of tumours, allowing organpreservation along with the possible benefit of eradication ofmicrometastases earlier in the course of therapy makes thisa desirable approach for many heads and neck oncologistsworldwide. Study aimed to assess the immediate locoregionalresponse rates and to assess the toxicity profile of sequentialtherapy with three cycles of induction PFT followed byConcurrent Chemo-Radiation with weekly Cisplatin inLocally Advanced Head and Neck Cancers.Material and methods: 30 consecutive patients with locallyadvanced head and neck cancers attending the OPD at ourinstitute were included in the study. All patients were treatedwith 3 cycles of Induction chemotherapy with PFT regimen(Paclitaxel 175mg/m2 Day1, Cisplatin 100 mg/m² split to(Day 1-3), 5-FU 750 mg/m² Day 1 to 3) every 21 days. Thepatients were then taken up for concurrent chemoradiation(66 Gy RT along with weekly Cisplatin 40mg/sq.m.). Theimmediate locoregional response rates were assessed byclinical and radiological imaging. The toxicity profile of thetreatment was assessed with RTOG acute morbidity scoringcriteria and CTCAE Version 4.Results: 30 patients (3 female) were recruited for the study.Among them 3 were laryngeal cancer patients and thehypopharyngeal, oropharyngeal and the oral cavity cancerswere 9 each. 63% of them had complete response and 30%had partial response. The sub-sites of the hypopharynx andthe oropharynx had the best outcomes from this treatmentprotocol. 2 patients did not complete the planned treatment.11patients had grade 3 leukopenia and 2 patients had grade 4/febrile neutropenia. There was no grade 3 thrombocytopeniain the study group.Conclusion: Sequential therapy with three cycles of inductionPFT followed by concurrent chemoradiation is a feasiblealternative for moderately advanced and very advanced headand neck cancer. Patient selection and supportive care duringtreatment are very important for successful outcome.
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Head-and-neck squamous cell carcinomas are tumors with propensity mostly for locoregional spread. The most frequent sites of metastasis include lung, bone, liver, adrenal, heart, and kidney. Distant metastasis to axillary lymph nodes from buccal mucosa cancer is extremely rare. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case reported where a gentleman who was treated for carcinoma right buccal mucosa developed left axillary lymph node metastasis at 6th year of follow-up.
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Background: In the Indian situation, as of now, there can only be two ways of controlling malignancies. One is by way of primary prevention and the other being managing the advanced disease. Thus, comparatively newer modalities of concurrent chemoradiation particularly with cisplatinum are producing high locoregional control. Aim: To describe the loco-regional response with combined modality treatment using conventional dose radiation therapy and concurrent single agent cisplatin chemotherapy in locally advanced hypopharyngeal and laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas, to describe the toxicity profile and feasibility of treatment regimen with combined modality chemo-radiation therapy, to describe the success with organ preservation in locally advanced hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancers using combined modality chemo- radiation therapy. Materials and methods: Total number of patients available for analysis was 26. All the patients were assessed for immediate response and for acute local and systemic toxicities. The end points of the study included. The initial tumor response - immediately on completion of treatment and at 6 weeks, Sivagnanam Balaji, N Sudhahar. Study on locoregional response with combined modality using conventional dose radiation therapy and concurrent single agent cispatin chemotherapy in locally advanced hypopharyngeal and laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas. IAIM, 2018; 5(4): 36-47. Page 37 Acute local and systemic toxicity due to concurrent chemotherapy and radiation therapy, Organ preservation. Results: Concurrent chemoradiation using conventional dose radiation therapy (6600 CGy) and single agent CDDP given on days 1, 22, 43 as studied in this cross sectional study achieves significant local control rates and organ preservation goals. The toxicities seen in this combined modality regimens appeared to be tolerable. Study showed with statistical significance, that the T stage and stage of a disease affects response at local and regional node sites respectively. Conclusion: Concurrent chemoradiation using conventional dose radiation therapy (6600 CGy) and single agent CDDP given on days 1, 22, 43 as studied in this cross sectional study achieves significant local control rates and organ preservation goals.
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Objective: To explore the effects of adenovirus vector-mediated small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting phosphatase nuclear targeting subunit (PNUTS) on proliferation, invasion, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas Hep-2 cells and its mechanism. Methods: Recombinant adenovirus vector expressing PNUTS siRNA was infected into laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas Hep-2 cells and the experiment was designed into PBS group, Ad-GFP group and Ad-siPNUTS group. Levels of PNUTS mRNA and protein were detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting respectively. MTT assay was used to detect proliferation abilities of Hep-2 cells. Transwell assays were used to detect invasion and migration abilities of Hep-2 cells. The expression levels of total Rb, phosphorylated Rb (p-Rb), PI3K, phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT), E2F1, E-cadherin, N-cadherin and ZEB1 protein were detected by Western blotting. Results: Compared with Ad-GFP group, in Ad-siPNUTS group, the PNUTS mRNA and protein (both P=0.000) levels were dramatically decreased. The proliferation of Ad-siPNUTS infected Hep-2 cells were inhibited on the second day (P=0.004), the third day (P=0.001) and the fourth day (P=0.000). Meanwhile, the invasion and migration abilities of Ad-siPNUTS infected Hep-2 cells were decreased (both P=0.000). The expression levels of total Rb (P=0.000), p-Rb (P=0.000), PI3K (P=0.023), p-AKT (P=0.000), E2F1 (P=0.000), N-cadherin (P=0.005) and ZEB1 (P=0.000) were decreased while the E-cadherin (P=0.003) was increased. Conclusion: Ad-siPNUTS could inhibit the proliferation, invasion and migration abilities of Hep-2 cells and reverse the development of EMT, which may be related to PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and Rb signaling pathway.
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Objective·To explore the effects of adenovirus vector-mediated small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting phosphatase nuclear targeting subunit (PNUTS) on proliferation,invasion,migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas Hep-2 cells and its mechanism.Methods· Recombinant adenovirus vector expressing PNUTS siRNA was infected into laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas Hep-2 cells and the experiment was designed into PBS group,Ad-GFP group and Ad-siPNUTS group.Levels ofPNUTS mRNA and protein were detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting respectively.MTT assay was used to detect proliferation abilities of Hep-2 cells.Transwell assays were used to detect invasion and migration abilities of Hep-2 cells.The expression levels of total Rb,phosphorylated Rb (p-Rb),PI3K,phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT),E2FI,E-cadherin,N-cadherin and ZEB1 protein were detected by Western blotting.Results· Compared with Ad-GFP group,in Ad-siPNUTS group,the PNUTS mRNA and protein (both P=0.000) levels were dramatically decreased.The proliferation of Ad-siPNUTS infected Hep-2 cells were inhibited on the second day (P=0.004),the third day (P=0.001) and the fourth day (P=0.000).Meanwhile,the invasion and migration abilities of Ad-siPNUTS infected Hep-2 cells were decreased (both P=0.000).The expression levels of total Rb (P=0.000),p-Rb (P=0.000),PI3K (P=0.023),p-AKT (P=0.000),E2F 1 (P=0.000),N-cadherin (P=0.005) and ZEB 1 (P=0.000) were decreased while the E-cadherin (P=0.003) was increased.Conclusion· Ad-siPNUTS could inhibit the proliferation,invasion and migration abilities of Hep-2 cells and reverse the development of EMT,which may be related to PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and Rb signaling pathway.
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Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major causative agent of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Over the past several decades, an increasing number of studies established the strong association of HPV with the invasion and metastasis of HNSCC. In the present study, we reviewed the gene mutations in HPV-associated HNSCC and the unique mechanism of E6- and E7-mediated carcinogenesis via interactions with an array of cellular elements. We further discussed the progress in the mechanisms of invasion and metastasis; these mechanisms include non-coding RNAs, deregulating cellular energetics, tumor microenvironment, cancer stem cells, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis.
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Humans , Head and Neck Neoplasms , Pathology , Virology , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Neoplasm Metastasis , Papillomaviridae , Papillomavirus Infections , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck , Pathology , VirologyABSTRACT
@# Objective: To investigate the expression of long non-coding RNA NUP50-AS1 (lncRNA NUP50-AS1) in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) tissues and cell lines, and to explore its effect on proliferation, migration and invasion of human esophageal cancer Eca109 cells. Methods: 49 pairs of ESCC tissues and corresponding para-cancerous tissues obtained from the Biological Specimen Base of the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University during Jan. 2015 to Jan. 2016 were used in this study. qRT-PCR method was applied to detect the expression of NUP50-AS1 in collected tissues samples and five esophageal cancer cell lines (TE1, TE13, Eca109, Kyse150 and Kyse170). ShRNAs were transiently transfected into Eca109 cells to interfere the expression of NUP50AS1 gene, and finally, sh2-NUP50-AS1 was used for the following experiments. The effect of NUP50-AS1 gene knockdown on the proliferation of Eca109 cells was detected by MTS and colony formation assay; the effect of NUP50-AS1 gene knockdown on the migration of Eca109 cells was detected by scratch test, and the effect on cell invasion was detected by Transwell assay. Results: The expression of NUP50-AS1 in ESCC was correlated with the lymphnode metastasis and TNM stage (all P<0.01). The expression of NUP50AS1 in ESCC tissues was significantly higher than that in corresponding normal tissues (2.003±0.870 vs 1.000±0.000, P<0.05). The expression of NUP50-AS1 in five esophageal cancer cell lines was significantly up-regulated (P<0.05), and it had the highest expression in Eca109 cell line. After transfection, sh2-NUP50-AS1 had the highest transfection efficiency, and knocking down NUP50-AS1 gene significantly inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration of the Eca109 cells. Conclusion: The expression of lncRNA NUP50AS1 in ESCC tissues was significantly higher than that in the para-cancerous tissues, and correlated with the TNM stage and lymphnode metastasis. The down-regulation of NUP50-AS1 inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration of esophageal cancer cells. The high expression of NUP50-AS1 gene may be closely related to the occurrence and development of ESCC.
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Objective There are few large sample data reports of comparative study on genotype distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the tissues of cervical squamous cell carcinoma and cervical adenocarcinoma in China. This study aimed to investigate the clinical value of genotype distribution of HPV infection in the tissues of cervical squamous cell carcinoma and cervical adenocarcinoma in regional (mainly in Jiangsu Province) patients.Methods We collected 1044 paraffin tissue specimens of female cervical squamous cell carcinoma (826 cases) and cervical adenocarcinoma (218 cases) in 29 hospitals from November 1978 to December 2017. HPV DNA was extracted from the tissues and through the combination of gene-chip and polymerase chain reaction technology, 23 genotypes of HPV were detected in all the tissues of cervical squamous cell carcinoma and cervical adenocarcinoma, and comparative study was conducted on the genotype distribution of HPV infection.Results Among 1044 cases of cervical squamous cell carcinoma and cervical adenocarcinoma, 901 were found with HPV and the detection rate was 86.30%. The detection rate of cervical squamous cell carcinoma was 91.53% (756/826), among which 16，18，58，33，52，31 types were the most common and the detection rate of 16 type was significantly higher than that of 18 types (56.84% vs 9.93%, P0.05).Conclusion The HPV detection rates are different in the regional female cervical squamous cell carcinoma and cervical adenocarcinoma tissues. 16,18,31,33,52 and 58 types are the most common genotypes in cervical squamous cell carcinoma and cervical adenocarcinoma. The detection rate of 16 type is overly higher than that of 18 type in cervical squamous cell carcinoma, while the detection rates of 16 type and 18 type in cervical adenocarcinoma are very close.
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Objective To study the expression and significance of apoptosis-related genes caspase-3,caspase-9,Bax and Bcl-2 in oral normal mucosa,oral simple hyperplasia,oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) in Chinese hamsters.Methods The expressions of mRNA and protein of caspase-3,caspase-9,Bax and Bcl-2 in the oral normal mucosa,oral simple hyperplasia,oral epithelial dysplasia and OSCC tissues in Chinese hamsters were examined by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR.Results During the process of oral carcinogenesis,the expression of Bcl-2 protein was significantly higher in OSCC than in oral normal mucosa,oral simple hyperplasia,and oral epithelial dysplasia (P<0.05).In dysplastic epithelia,the protein expressions of caspase-3,caspase-9 and Bax were more than that of normal epithelia,and along with the increased dysplasis,the expression level was decreased.Further analysis showed that expression of Bcl-2 was negatively related with the expressions of Bax,caspase-3 and caspase-9 (P<0.05).The result of RT-PCR showed that Bcl-2 was significantly increased in OSCC compared with normal mucosa,while the expressions of caspase-3,caspase-9 and Bax were decreased (P<0.05).Conclusions In the Chinese hamster squamous carcinoma,the expressions of caspase-3,caspase-9 and Bax are reduced and the Bcl-2 expression are increased,indicating that the expressions of caspase-3,caspase-9,Bax and Bcl-2 are closely related with the occurrence and development of oral squamous cell cancinoma.This study can offer some clues for gene therapy of OSCC,or can provide a reference for evaluating the biological characteristics and prognosis of OSCC.
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Objective To study the expression and significance of EGFR, PDCD4, TGF-β1, Smad3, Smad7 in oral normal mucosa, oral simple hyperplasia, oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinomas(OSCC).Methods Serum levels of EGFR, PDCD4 were measeured with ELISA in Chinese hamster during the oral mucosa carcinogenesis;The expressions of TGF-β1, Smad3, Smad7 in oral normal mucosa, oral simple hyperplasia, oral epithelial dysplasia and OSCC tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry.Results In the process of oral carcinogenesis,the expression level of EGFR increased significantly,while the expression of PDCD4 was decreased, the negatively correlation was evident between expression of these two proteins in ED and SCC.The expression of TGF-β1, Smad7 was higher in OSCC than in oral normal mucosa, oral simple hyperplasia, oral epithelial dysplasia(P < 0.05), while the expression of Smad3 was decreased.Further analysis showed the expression of TGF-β1 was correlated with the expression of Smad7.Conclusions The expressions of EGFR, PDCD4, TGF-β1, Smad3, Smad7 are closely related with the biological behaviors of oral squamous cell cancinoma.This experiment provides a theoretical basis for the study of oral squamous cell carcinomas mechanism research.So it has important significance for the development and prognosis of oral squamous carcinomaare.
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Objective@#To explore the application of free profunda femoral artery pedicled gracilis chimeric myocutaneous flap in the reconstruction of defect after radical resection of buccal mucoca squamous cell carcinoma.@*Method@#From January 2014 to May 2016, 12 cases with buccal mucoca squamous cell carcinoma underwent radical resection, leaving buccal mucoca defect which was reconstructed by free profunda femoral artery pedicled gracilis chimeric myocutaneous flap at the same stage. The buccal mucoca defect was reconstructed with skin paddle, the mouth floor cavity was filled with muscular flap.@*Result@#The Length of free profunda femoral artery pedicled gracilis chimeric myocutaneous flap was (9.0±0.3) cm, the width of flap was (4.5±0.3) cm, the thickness of flap was (1.8±0.4) cm.The length of pedicle was (7.4±0.6) cm.All 12 chimeric perforator flaps survived uneventfully, the defects at the donor sites were closed directly in all cases. All patients were followed up for 10-28 months (14.8 on average) with satisfied esthetic and functional results in flap reconstruction. The swallowing and speech function was satisfactory. No local recurrence happened. Only linear scar was left in the donor sites, the function of thighs was not affected.@*Conclusions@#The free profunda femoral artery pedicled gracilis chimeric myocutaneous flap is an ideal choice for reconstruction of the defect after radical resection of buccal mucoca squamous cell carcinoma.
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Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major causative agent of cervical cancers. Over the past several decades, increasing number of studies established strong association of HPV with a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). In the present study, we reviewed evidence, including epidemiology, carcinogens, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis, showing that HPV-positive HNSCCs exhibit a variety of distinct characteristics for understanding tumor biology and improving cancer treatment.
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Humans , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Virology , Head and Neck Neoplasms , Virology , Papillomaviridae , Papillomavirus Infections , PrognosisABSTRACT
Objetivo: Analisar expressão da cadeia γ2 da laminina 332 na membrana basal de vasos de carcinoma de células escamosas orais (CCE) e seu aspecto de continuidade para detecção de possíveis processos invasivos vasculares, importante evento na progressão da doença. Ainda, associar os aspectos clínicos do paciente e da lesão com os achados microscópicos. Material e Métodos: Foi realizada técnica imuno-histoquímica para detecção da cadeia γ2 da laminina 332 em 16 casos de CCE, sendo oito Bem Diferenciado e oito Moderadamente Diferenciado. Os aspectos microscópicos avaliados foram expressão da molécula na membrana basal de vasos e o seu aspecto de continuidade. Possíveis associações entre dados clínicos e achados microscópicos foram avaliadas. Resultados: Um total de 15 casos (93,75%) apresentaram vasos com expressão da cadeia γ2. Em CCE Bem Diferenciados, 85,71% das lesões apresentaram vasos com perda de continuidade da membrana basal, enquanto que em CCE Moderadamente Diferenciados 100% dos casos tiveram vasos com esse aspecto. Em relação às associações entre aspectos clínicos e integridade da membrana basal vascular, nos CCE Bem Diferenciados foram observadas correlações positivas da perda de continuidade com o gênero e idade acima de 60 anos (p < 0,0001). Para CCE Moderadamente Diferenciado, as associações foram com gênero masculino (p < 0,0001), hábito de fumar (p < 0,0001) e idade < 60 anos (p < 0,0001). Conclusão: Nossos dados sugerem que a expressão da cadeia γ2 em estruturas vasculares está presente em lesões de CCE e pode estar associada ao comportamento mais agressivo da doença.
Objective: 1) To analyze the γ2 chain expression of laminin 332 in the basement membrane of vessels of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and the appearance of continuity, to identify possible vascular invasive procedures which are important events in the disease progression. 2) To examine the association between clinical aspects from patients and microscopic findings from lesions. Material and Methods: Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect γ2 chain of laminin 332 in 16 cases of OSCC; of which, eight were classified as being "Well Differentiated" and eight as being "Moderately Differentiated." Microscopic aspects were evaluated, including the expression of the molecule in the basement membrane of vessels and the appearance of continuity. Results: 15 cases (93.75%) showed vessels with γ2 chain expression. In OSCC defined as being "Well Differentiated," 85.71% of lesions presented with loss of vessel continuity of the basement membrane, whereas in OSCC defined as being "Moderately Differentiated," 100% of presented vessels with this aspect. Regarding associations between clinical aspects of patients and integrity of the vascular basement membrane, in OSCC defined as being "Well Differentiated," positive correlations were observed between loss of continuity and both gender and age >60 years (p < 0.0001). For OSCC defined as being "Moderately Differentiated," positive associations were observed for being male (p < 0.0001), currently smoking (p < 0.0001) and being <60 years old (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Our data suggest that the γ2 chain expression in vascular structures is present in OSCC and is associated with more aggressive disease.
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Introducción: la posibilidad de metástasis a la glándula submandibular a partir de carcinomas escamosos localizados en la cavidad bucal, constituye un tema novedoso que ha sido abordado pocas veces en la investigación científica. En Cuba, es la primera vez que se realiza un estudio de esta naturaleza. Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia de metástasis a la glándula submandibular en pacientes con carcinomas escamosos de cavidad bucal operados usando disecciones cervicales linfonodulares. Métodos: se realizó un estudio prospectivo y descriptivo. Se seleccionó por muestreo no probabilístico a 43 pacientes que asistieron a la Consulta de Cabeza y Cuello del Servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial del Hospital Provincial Universitario Clínico-Quirúrgico Arnaldo Milián Castro de Villa Clara, entre enero de 2011 y julio de 2014. Se consideró como criterio de inclusión todos los casos con diagnóstico de carcinoma escamoso de cavidad bucal, disección linfonodular como tratamiento oncoespecífico primario del cuello, que aceptaran participar en la investigación. Resultados: se obtuvo 68 glándulas submandibulares para su estudio a partir de la muestra de 43 pacientes en los que se efectuó exéresis del tumor primario y disección cervical linfonodular. Los tumores en suelo de boca y las etapas clínicas tempranas Ð-ÐÐ, fueron representados, respectivamente por 53,5 por ciento y 55,8 por ciento del total de pacientes. Solo existió compromiso de la glándula submandibular en un paciente (2,3 por ciento), causado por la invasión directa de la cápsula a partir de linfonódulos metastásicos adyacentes. Conclusión: no se encontró metástasis a la glándula submandibular en ningún caso; esto pudiera sugerir su preservación en las disecciones cervicales linfonodulares(AU)
Introduction: the possibility of metastasis to the submandibular gland in patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas is a novel topic not frequently dealt with in scientific research. This is the first time a study of this sort is conducted in Cuba. Objective: determine the frequency of metastasis to the submandibular gland among patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas undergoing the surgical procedure of cervical lymph node dissection. Methods: a prospective descriptive study was conducted. Non-probabilistic sampling was used to select 43 patients attending head and neck consultation at the Maxillofacial Surgery Service of Arnaldo Milián Castro Provincial Clinical Surgical University Hospital in Villa Clara from January 2011 to July 2014. Inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma, cervical lymph node dissection as primary onco-specific treatment, and willingness to participate in the study. Results: sixty-eight submandibular glands were obtained from the sample of 43 patients undergoing exeresis of the primary tumor and cervical lymph node dissection. Floor of mouth tumors and early clinical stages I-II represented 53.5 percent and 55.8 percent of the sample, respectively. Submandibular gland involvement was found in only one patient (2.3 percent) and it was due to direct invasion of the capsule by adjacent metastatic lymph nodes. Conclusion: submandibular gland metastasis was not found in any case, which could suggest the preservation of this gland when cervical lymph node dissection is performed(AU)
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Humans , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis , Neoplasm Metastasis/pathology , Submandibular Gland , Surgery, Oral/statistics & numerical data , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has been shown to be very useful in the preoperative evaluation of neck masses. Cystic change in metastatic lymph nodes occurs in certain types of tumors and it is an unexplained, site-specific phenomenon that mostly happens in the lymph nodes of head and neck region. It is suggested that cases of cystic squamous carcinoma metastases to cervical lymph nodes may be determined by cytological examination of fine needle aspirates. The importance of interpretation of fine needle aspiration cytology by an experienced cytologist is emphasized to avoid the possibility of excising metastatic squamous cell carcinomas, which could lead to unnecessary surgical procedures such as radical neck dissection.
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Objective To investigate the human papillomavirus 16/18 (HPV16/18) infective status and its relationship with the expression of p16,CK17,Ki-67 in immature squamous metaplasia(IM),cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical carcinomas (CC).Methods In situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry were applied to detect the expression of HPV16/18,p16,CK17,Ki-67 on tissues from 30 IM,60 CIN and 30 CC.Results The expression rates of HPV16/18 in LSIL,HSIL and CC were 30 ％ (9/30),60 ％ (18/30) and 77 ％ (23/30),higher than that in IM [6.7 ％ (2/30)].HPV16/18 was positively expressed with the progression of cervical squamous epithelial lesions.The expression rates of CK17 in IM was 90 ％ (27/30),higher than that in LSIL,HSIL and CC [17 ％ (5/30),10 ％ (3/30),6.7 ％ (2/30)].The expression rates of p16,Ki-67 were 83 ％ (25/30) and 87 ％ (26/30) in LSIL,90 ％ (27/30) and 93 ％ (29/30) in HSIL,97 ％ (29/30) and 97 ％ (29/30) in CC,higher than that in IM [13 ％ (4/30) and 10 ％ (3/30)].The expression of p16,Ki-67 were particularly seen in HPV16/18-positive HSIL and CC,and the correlation were observed.Conclusion HPV16/18 infection is highly associated with the degree of squamous intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinomas of cervix and upregulated p16 and Ki-67,which suggested that HPV16/18 maybe cause mutation of p16 gene.With the progression of cervical squamous epithelial lesions,positive expression rates of CK17 were decreased compared with increased of HPV16/18,p16,Ki-67.Combined detection of HPV16/18,p16,Ki-67 is helpful for diagnosis and classification of cervical squamous epithelial lesions.
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Objective To investigate the relationship of the serum level of IL-23 and MMP-9 with the clinicopathologic features in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods 48 pathologically confirmed ESCC patients and 30 Endoscopic biopsy of benign were included in this study. The serum levels of IL-23 and MMP-9 were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Serum IL-23 level in patients with ESCC was significantly higher than that in controls (t = 26.66, 16.89, P<0.05). Furthermore, Pearson′s correlation analysis revealed that serum IL-23 was positively correlated with the serum MMP-9 level in ESCC patients (r = 0.790, P < 0.05). Statistical analysis showed that enhanced serum IL-23 significantly correlated with the degree of differentiation and lymph node metastasis. Conclusion Overexpression of IL-23 may involve in the occurrence and development of ESCC. IL-23 may contribute to tumorinvasion and metastasis by stimulating the expression of MMP-9.
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Purpose To investigate the occurrence of echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4) gene and the anaplas-tic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangements in lung squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), and to provide with a test for targeted therapy of SCC. Methods In this study, we analyzed ALK protein expression with a specific rabbit monoclonal Ig antibody ( D5F3 clone) in 219 cases of lung SCC. The positive cases were confirmed with ALK fluorescence in situ hybridization ( FISH) . Results 4 out of 219 (1. 8%) cases of lung SCC were ALK positive detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining, which were confirmed by ALK FISH. Conclusions There are SCC having EML4-ALK gene rearrangement. The response of SCC patients with ALK expression to targeted therapy of Crizotinib should be explored. Strong positive expression of ALK protein can be interpreted as EML4-ALK gene rearrangement.
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Multi-disciplinary modality treatment is the optimal therapeutic strategy for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN). Recently, molecular targeted agents have been tested in this setting. Epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) is the major therapeutic target because of its universally high expression in SCCHN. As a human-mouse chimeric monoclonal antibody, cetuximab is the only molecular targeted agent approved in SCCHN. As compared with radiotherapy alone, radiotherapy in combination with cetuximab was proved to improve progression-free and overall survival in patients with locally advanced SCCHN. However, randomized comparison between radiotherapy plus cetuximab and conventional concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is limited in term of efficacy and toxicity. Although RTOG 0522 study demonstrated it is ineffective to combine cetuximab with CCRT, the optimal chemotherapy agent partner with cetuximab warrants further investigation. For other anti-EGFR inhibitors, how to wisely design pertinent clinical studies based on available evidence is the key for success.