Effect of Closed Skills Physical Activity Exercises with Dynamic Visual Task on Visual Function for Pupils with Myopia at Grade Four at Primary School / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To explore the effect of closed skills physical activity with additional dynamic visual task on dynamic visual acuity and static visual acuity for pupils with myopia at grade four at primary school. Methods:In September, 2019, 37 pupils with myopia at grade four in Daicheng Experimental Primary School, Suzhou City were selected. In light of mechanism of refractive system, the intervention of closed-skilled physical activity with dynamic visual task was developed. They were intervened for 16 weeks. The dynamic visual acuity and static visual acuity were measured before intervention, and eight and 16 weeks after intervention. Results:Both dynamic visual acuity and static visual acuity improved significantly in all the pupils with myopia after 16 weeks of intervention (F > 15.933, P < 0.001), both pupils with mild and moderate myopia (|t| > 3.353, P < 0.05). The static visual acuity was better in pupils with moderate myopic than with mild myopia (t = -2.830, P < 0.01). Conclusion:Closed skills physical activity with dynamic visual task could improve the visual acuity of puplis with myopia at grade four at primary school.

Impacts of Age and Gender on Vision in School Children Accepting Physical Activities / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To investigate the impact of age and gender on kinetic visual acuity (KVA) and static visual acuity (SVA) in school children accepting physical activities. Methods:From May, 2018 to September, 2019, 1465 school children from various schools of Suzhou City were measured SVA and KVA with standard logarithmic visual chart and KVA detector. Results:KVA increased with age as six to nine years old, and decreased as eleven to 14. KVA was better in boys than in girls (t = 5.147, P < 0.001). SVA decreased with age as six to eight years old, fluctuated as eight to eleven, and decreased as eleven to 14, especially for girls. SVA was also better in boys than in girls (t = 3.692, P < 0.001). The prevalence of myopia increased with age as six to eight years old, and increased more significantly as eleven to 14. There was a low positive correlation between age and KVA (r = 0.046, P < 0.05), and a moderate negative correlation between age and SVA (r = -0.364, P < 0.05). KVA was positively correlated with SVA (r = 0.409, P < 0.05). Age, gender, KVA, right SVA and left SVA were the factors related with SVA. Conclusion:Vision is better in school boys than in girls. There is positive correlation between age and KVA. It is necessary to develop physical exercise according to age and gender to improve vision development, especially at the sensitive stage of visual function.

Effects of Physical Activities with Visual Tasks on Kinetic and Static Visual Acuity in Children / 中国康复理论与实践

Objectives To explore the effects of visual tasks added in physical activities on kinetic and static visual acuity for 6-9 years old children.Methods Children's visual function and seeing activity were analyzed and four kinds of physical activities with visual tasks were designed. From June to August, 2018, 38 pupils from a sports summer camp aged 6 to 9 years with normal vision participated in the eight-week training. Their kinetic and static visual acuity was measured before, four weeks, and eight weeks after training.Results Both kinetic and static visual acuity improved after training (F＞ 24.368, P ＜ 0.001), and the binocular static visual acuity improved more in the boys than in the girls (t＞ 2.161, P ＜ 0.05). There was a moderate positive correlation among kinetic and static visual acuity (r＞ 0.424, P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Physical activities with visual tasks are beneficial for kinetic and static visual acuity for children aged 6-9 years, which may be an approach to promote vision health.

Agudeza Visual Dinámica / Acuidade Visual Dinâmica / Dynamic Visual Acuity

Resumen Presentamos una revisión del tema relativo a la habilidad visual para discriminar detalles sutiles sobre objetos en movimiento (AVD: Agudeza Visual Dinámica), mostrando las diferencias más relevantes, que han sido atribuidas a esta capacidad visual en comparación con la AVE (AV estática). Actualmente, es sabido que la correlación entre AVE y AVD es baja. Además, al medir la AVD no solo evaluamos la mínima separación espacial que el sistema visual puede resolver, sino también la funcionalidad del sistema oculomotor. De este modo, valorar la AVD implica medir la capacidad del ojo como buscador activo de información. Hoy sabemos que la AVD es uno de los mejores indicadores de éxito en ciertas especialidades deportivas (tenis de mesa, baseball, etc.) y que correlaciona negativamente con la siniestralidad en accidentes de tráfico. Entre los factores investigados que producen una reducción significativa de la resolución espacial dinámica destacan: (a) la velocidad del estímulo, afectando tanto a trayectorias verticales como horizontales; (b) el tiempo de exposición del estímulo; (c) la iluminación ambiental; (d) la disminución del contraste y e) la edad del sujeto. Por otra parte, se ha verificado que esta capacidad visual es susceptible de mejorar con el entrenamiento.

Resumo Apresentamos uma revisão do tema referente a habilidade visual para discriminar sutís detalhes diante de objetos em movimento (AVD: Acuidade Visual Dinâmica), mostrando as diferenças mais relevantes, que foram atribuídas a esta capacidade visual em comparação com a AVE (AV estática). Atualmente sabemos que a correlação entre AVE e AVD é baixa. Sendo assim, ao medir a AVD não somente avaliamos a mínima separação espacial que o sistema visual pode resolver, também avaliamos a funcionalidade do sistema oculomotor. Desse modo, para avaliar a AVD requer medir a capacidade do olho como buscador ativo de informação. Hoje sabemos que a AVD é um dos melhores indicadores de êxito em certas especialidades desportivas (tênis de mesa, baseball, etc.) e que se correlaciona negativamente com sinistralidade nos acidentes de trânsito. Entre os fatores investigados que produzem una redução significativa da resolução espacial dinâmica destacam: (a) a velocidade do estímulo, que afeta tanto as trajetórias verticais como horizontais; (b) o tempo de exposição do estímulo; (c) a iluminação ambiental; (d) a diminuição do contraste e (e) a idade do sujeito. Por outro lado, verificou-se que esta capacidade visual é suscetível a melhorar com treinamento.

Abstract We present a review on the visual ability to discriminate fine details of moving objects (DVA: Dynamic Visual Acuity), showing the most relevant differences, which have been attributed to this visual capacity in comparison to SVA (static visual acuity). It is known that the correlation between SVA and DVA is low. Moreover, when DVA is measured, not only the minimum spatial separation that the visual system can resolve is evaluated, but also the functionality of the oculomotor system. Therefore, assessing DVA also involves measuring the ability of the eye to actively seek information. Nowadays, it is known that DVA is one of the best indicators of success in certain sports specialties (table tennis, baseball, etc...) and that it negatively correlates with accident rates in traffic scenarios. The investigated factors that produce a significant reduction in dynamic spatial resolution are: (a) the speed of the stimulus, affecting both vertical and horizontal trajectories; (b) the stimulus exposure time; (c) ambient illumination; (d) reduction in contrast and (e) subject age. Moreover, it has been verified that this visual capacity is likely to improve with training.

Correlation of Static Visual Acuity and Kinetic Visual Acuity in Children and Its Implication to Physical Activity / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To investigate the developmental characteristics of static visual acuity (SVA) and kinetic visual acuity (KVA) and the correlation between the for children. Methods From April to June, 2018, SVA and KVA of 715 children aged 6 to 10 years in Suzhou were tested with logarithmic visual chart and KVA meter. Results KVA and SVA increased with age within 6 to 9 years old, and decreased then. KVA was higher in boys than in girls (t = 4.604, P < 0.001), but not significantly different for SVA (t = 1.822, P > 0.05). There was a moderate positive correlation between KVA and SVA (r = 0.552, P < 0.01). KVA can predicted SVA (B = 0.617, P < 0.001). Conclusion KVA and SVA develop for children aged 6 to 9, and moderately positive correlate with each other. It means SVA may be improved via training of KVA.

Effect of myopic defocus on static visual acuity and dynamic visual acuity / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background Researches have suggested that the defocus can induce the change of static visual acuity,but whether it produce influence on dynamic visual acuity is not clear.Objective This study was to investigate the impact of myopic defocus on static visual acuity and dynamic visual acuity and explore the essential difierence between static visual acuity and dynamic visual acuity. Methods Forty volunteers were enrolled in this trial.including 20 adults with the age of 27.4±1.64 years and 20 children with the age of 11.70+1.49 years.All the eyes of subjects received regular examined to excluded the eye disease with the best corrected vision of ≥1.0 D,astigmatism of ≤0.75 D and anisometropia ＜1.50 D.+1.00 D,+1.50 D,+2.00 D,+2.50 D slasses were ware respectively for the defocus on the foundation of full correction.Dynamic visual acuity was inspected by using selfmade DVA-I training software.and static visual acuity wag tested by static visual acuity chart (Precision Vision,CAT.NO.2125).This clinical trial complied with the Helsinki Declaration and obtained the approval of Ethic Committee of Wenzhou Medical College.Written informed consent was received from each individual prior to the protocol. Results The dynamic and static visual acuities were gradually decreased with the elevation of defocus (F=506.907,P=0.000).No significant differences were found between static visual acuity and dynamic visual acuity in adult or children at various defocus(P＞0.05).The regression linear analysis showed that a positive correlation between static visual acuity with defoeus(R2=0.819,t=26.72,P=0.000) or dynamic visual acuity with defoeus(R2=0.826,t=27.42,P=0.000).The slope and intercept between defocus with static visual acuity were steeper than that between defocus and dynamic visual acuity (slope:F=34.18,P=0.000;intercept:F=1005.56,P=0.001). Conclusion The effect of defocus on static visual acuity is different from that of dynamic visual acuity.It could be speculated that dynamic visual acuity is related not only to refractive systems but also other factor.