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ObjectiveTo observe the effects of electroacupuncture at Zhongwan （CV12） on gastric nociceptive response induced by gastric acid stimulation and explore the underlying mechanisms associated with nuclei of the medullary viscerosensory and visceral motor neurons. MethodsTwenty SD rats were given intragastric administration of 0.5 mol/L diluted hydrochloric acid （0.5 ml/100 g） to induce gastric nociceptive response induction. Eight rats were randomly selected to record the gastric slow wave （GSW） area under the curve， and extracellular discharge frequency of neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract （NTS） and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve （DMV） before intragastric administration and at 1， 5， 10， 15， 20， 25， 30， 35， 40， 45， 50， 55， and 60 minutes after intragastric administration. The remaining 12 rats received electroacupuncture intervention at Zhongwan within 5 to 25 minutes after intragastric administration of diluted hydrochloric acid， with a duration of one minute. The GSW area under the curve and extracellular discharge frequency of NTS and DMV neurons were compared between the 1-minute intervals before and after electroacupuncture intervention. ResultsCompared to the baseline before intragastric administration， the area under the curve of GSW significantly increased at 1， 5， 10， 15， 20， and 25 minutes after intragastric administration， and the extracellular discharge frequency of excitatory neurons in the NTS （accounting for 90%， 57/63） significantly increased at 1， 5， 10， 15， 20， 25， 30， 35， and 40 minutes， both reaching peak values at 1 minute after intragastric administration （P＜0.01 or P＜0.05）. The extracellular discharge frequency of inhibitory neurons in the DMV （accounting for 91%， 20/22） showed a non-significant increase at 1 minute after intragastric administration （P＞0.05）， but significantly decreased at other timepoints （P＜0.05）. Compared to the baseline before electroacupuncture intervention， the GSW area under the curve and the extracellular discharge frequency of excitatory neurons in the NTS significantly decreased （P＜0.05）， while the extracellular discharge frequency of inhibitory neurons in the DMV showed no significant difference （P＞0.05）. ConclusionElectroacupuncture at Zhongwan can improve gastric nociceptive response induced by gastric acid stimulation， possibly by reducing the transmission of visceral sensation and decreasing the excitability of NTS neurons in the medulla.
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In recent years， the incidence of stroke patients in China is increasing， and the motor dysfunction caused by it often seriously affects the quality of daily life of the patients， Neuromuscular electrical stimulation （NMES）， as an emerging rehabilitation therapy， is widely used in the treatment of motor dysfunction in stroke patients. This paper summarizes the parameters and mechanisms of the role of NMES in motor function rehabilitation after stroke and its use in clinical practice. In the future， the specific mechanism of NMES action and efficient and safe therapeutic options should be further explored.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of galvanic vestibular stimulation on stroke patients with lateropulsion. MethodsFrom February to October, 2023, 30 stroke patients with lateropulsion in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were divided into control group (n = 15) and experimental group (n = 15) randomly. The control group received routine rehabilitation and sham galvanic vestibular stimulation, and the experimental group received routine rehabilitation and true galvanic vestibular stimulation, for two weeks. They were assessed with Scale for Contraversive Pushing (SCP), subjective visual vertical (SVV), Line Cancellation Test (LCT), Star Cancellation Test (SCT), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Holden Functional Ambulation Category (FAC) and Barthel Index (BI) before and after treatment. ResultsAll the indexes improved in both groups after intervention (|t| > 2.461, Z > 3.000, P < 0.05), except the SVV orientation, SVV certainty and SCT in the control group; while the SCP, SVV certainty, LCT and FAC were better in the experimental group than in the control group (|t| > 2.189, Z = -2.862, P < 0.05), and the differences before and after intervention were better in the experimental group than in the control group (|t| > 2.382, P < 0.05), except LCT. SCP was correlated with SVV orientation, SVV certainty, SCT, BBS, BI and FAC (|r| > 0.381, P < 0.05). ConclusionGalvanic vestibular stimulation can improve the lateropulsion, balance, walking function and activities of daily living in stroke patients, which may be related to improvement for spatial cognitive function, especially vertical perception.
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ObjectiveTo explore the effect of brain-computer interface (BCI) based on visual, auditory and motor feedback combined with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on upper limb function in stroke patients. MethodsFrom March to October, 2023, 45 stroke inpatients in Xuzhou Rehabilitation Hospital and Xuzhou Central Hospital were divided into BCI group (n = 15), tDCS group (n = 15) and combined group (n = 15) randomly. All the groups received routine rehabilitation, while BCI group received BCI training, tDCS group received tDCS, while the combined group received tDCS and followed by BCI training immediately, for four weeks. They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities (FMA-UE), Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), modified Barthel Index (MBI) and delta-alpha ratio (DAR) and power ratio index (PRI) of electroencephalogram before and after treatment. ResultsThe scores of FMA-UE, ARAT and MBI increased in all the groups after treatment (|t| > 5.350, P < 0.001), and all these indexes were the best in the combined group (F > 3.366, P < 0.05); while DAR and PRI decreased in all the groups (|t| > 2.208 , P < 0.05), they were the best in the combined group (F > 5.224, P < 0.01). ConclusionBCI based on visual, auditory and motor feedback combined with tDCS can further improve the motor function of upper limbs and the activities of daily living of stroke patients.
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ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the cognitive function and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease. MethodsRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) on tDCS for Parkinson's disease were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, CBM, VIP and Wanfang Data from the inception to September, 2023. Control group was administered standard Parkinson's medications or placebo, physical therapy, and cognitive rehabilitation, while treatment group received tDCS additionally. The quality of the researches was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Data synthesis and analysis were performed using RevMan 5.4 and Stata 17.0, with heterogeneity and sensitivity analyses. ResultsEight articles were included. tDCS significantly improved the scores of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MD = 2.00, 95%CI 1.13 to 2.87, P < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the scores of Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (MD = 0.73, 95%CI -5.78 to 7.23, P = 0.830), Beck Depression Inventory-Ⅱ(MD = -0.77, 95%CI -7.14 to 5.60, P = 0.810), and Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale-Ⅲ (MD = 1.60, 95%CI -0.77 to 3.97, P = 0.190). ConclusiontDCS may improve cognitive function of patients with Parkinson's disease.
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ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in M1 region combined with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on electroencephalogram (EEG) θ frequency band amplitude of patients with neuropathic pain (NP) after spinal cord injury. MethodsFrom June, 2022 to June, 2023, 50 NP patients after SCI in Qingdao University Affiliated Hospital were included and divided into M1 region stimulation group (n = 25) and M1 region combined with DLPFC stimulation group (the combined stimulation group, n = 25). M1 region stimulation group received 10 Hz rTMS in the left M1 region, while the combined stimulation group received same stimulation in left M1 region combined with DLPFC, for three weeks. Before and after intervention, the pain was assessed with Short Form of McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), the depression and anxiety status were evaluated using Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), and the EEG θ frequency band amplitude was recorded to detect the changes of brain electrophysiological activity. ResultsFour cases in M1 region stimulation group, and two cases in the combined stimulation group were dropped. After intervention, the total score of SF-MPQ and the scores of the subscales, the scores of HMMD and HAMA decreased in both groups (|t| > 2.523, P < 0.05). The EEG θ frequency band amplitude significantly reduced in the prefrontal and frontal regions in M1 region stimulation group (|t| > 5.243, P < 0.001), and it also significantly reduced in the prefrontal, frontal regions, central and parietal regions in the combined stimulation group (|t| > 4.630, P < 0.001). All the scores were lower (|t| > 2.270, Z = -1.973, P < 0.05), and the EEG θ frequency band amplitude in the prefrontal, frontal regions, central and parietal regions were lower (P < 0.05) in the combined stimulation group than in M1 region stimulation group. ConclusionHigh frequency rTMS is an effective analgesic method on NP after SCI, which can improve their depression and anxiety symptoms and reduce the EEG θ frequency band amplitude. Compared with M1 region rTMS stimulation, the combination of M1 region and DLPFC rTMS is more effective.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of multi-target transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and single-target tDCS on the performance of working memory-postural control dual-task in healthy adults, and to compare the regulatory effect of the two stimulation protocols. MethodsFrom November, 2020 to February, 2021, 19 healthy adults in Shanghai University of Sport were recruited and randomly accepted multi-target tDCS, single-target tDCS and sham stimulation with at least one week interval between any two stimulation protocols. The target areas of multi-target tDCS included left dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (L-DLPFC) and bilateral primary motor cortex (M1), and single-tDCS only applied to L-DLPFC. Before and after stimulation, participants completed walking and standing balance tests under single task and dual-task conditions with the second task being a N-back task. The dual-task postural control performance, dual-task cost (DTC) and working memory performance were observed before and after stimulation. ResultsSignificant differences were observed among three stimulation protocols in the changes of stride variability (F = 3.792, P = 0.029), DTC of stride variability (F = 3.412, P = 0.040) and velocity of center of pressure (Vcop) (F = 3.815, P = 0.029). The stride variability (P = 0.047) and Vcop (P = 0.015) were significantly lower and the decrease in DTC of stride variability tended to be significant (P = 0.073) following multi-target tDCS, as compared to sham stimulation. Single-target tDCS significantly decreased the changes of stride variability (P = 0.011), DTC of stride variability (P = 0.014) and Vcop (P = 0.025), as compared to sham stimulation. Compared with single target tDCS, multi-target tDCS reduced the changes of the dual-task cost of the area of center of pressure (P = 0.035). Moreover, no significant difference was observed among the three stimulation protocols in the changes of each measure in the working memory test (P > 0.05). ConclusionBoth multi-target tDCS and single-target tDCS can improve the performance of working memory-postural control dual-task in healthy adults, and compared with single-target tDCS, multi-target tDCS has some advantages in regulating postural control.
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BackgroundChronic insomnia is characterized by a prolonged and recurrent course. The efficacy of repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation （rTMS） as a physical therapy method to improve sleep quality remains inadequately supported by evidence， particularly regarding its relationship with personality traits. ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy and influencing factors of rTMS in the treatment of chronic insomnia， and to provide insights into its therapeutic potential. MethodA total of 46 patients who met the diagnostic criteria for chronic insomnia according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fifth edition （DSM-5）， and were treated at the Third Hospital of Mianyang from September 2022 to September 2023 were selected. Prior to treatment， participants underwent assessments using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire （EPQ）， Hamilton Depression Scale-17 item （HAMD-17） and Hamilton Anxiety Scale （HAMA）. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQI） was used to assess sleep quality before treatment， at the end of the second week of treatment and one week post-treatment. ResultsAt the end of the second week of treatment， patients exhibited significantly improved total PSQI score and subscale scores related to subjective sleep quality， sleep latency， sleep duration， sleep efficiency， sleep disturbance and daytime dysfunction （t=4.755~13.361， P<0.01）， with 24 cases （54.35%） showing effective treatment outcomes. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that introverted and extroverted personality traits contributed significantly to the regression equation （B=0.317， P<0.01）， explaining 29.90% of the total variation （R2=0.299）. ConclusionrTMS treatment may effectively improve the sleep quality of patients with chronic insomnia， with its therapeutic effect appearing to associated with introverted and extroverted personality traits. ［Funded by National Natural Science Project of China （number， 82372080）］
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Chemotherapy is one of the major approaches for the treatment of metastatic lung cancer, although it is limited by the low tumor delivery efficacy of anticancer drugs. Bacterial therapy is emerging for cancer treatment due to its high immune stimulation effect; however, excessively generated immunogenicity will cause serious inflammatory response syndrome. Here, we prepared cancer cell membrane-coated liposomal paclitaxel-loaded bacterial ghosts (LP@BG@CCM) by layer-by-layer encapsulation for the treatment of metastatic lung cancer. The preparation processes were simple, only involving film formation, electroporation, and pore extrusion. LP@BG@CCM owned much higher 4T1 cancer cell toxicity than LP@BG due to its faster fusion with cancer cells. In the 4T1 breast cancer metastatic lung cancer mouse models, the remarkably higher lung targeting of intravenously injected LP@BG@CCM was observed with the almost normalized lung appearance, the reduced lung weight, the clear lung tissue structure, and the enhanced cancer cell apoptosis compared to its precursors. Moreover, several major immune factors were improved after administration of LP@BG@CCM, including the CD4+/CD8a+ T cells in the spleen and the TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-4 in the lung. LP@BG@CCM exhibits the optimal synergistic chemo-immunotherapy, which is a promising medication for the treatment of metastatic lung cancer.
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Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), a time-saving and cost-effective repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation regime, has been shown to improve cognition in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the specific mechanism underlying iTBS-induced cognitive enhancement remains unknown. Previous studies suggested that mitochondrial functions are modulated by magnetic stimulation. Here, we showed that iTBS upregulates the expression of iron-sulfur cluster assembly 1 (ISCA1, an essential regulatory factor for mitochondrial respiration) in the brain of APP/PS1 mice. In vivo and in vitro studies revealed that iTBS modulates mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster assembly to facilitate mitochondrial respiration and function, which is required for ISCA1. Moreover, iTBS rescues cognitive decline and attenuates AD-type pathologies in APP/PS1 mice. The present study uncovers a novel mechanism by which iTBS modulates mitochondrial respiration and function via ISCA1-mediated iron-sulfur cluster assembly to alleviate cognitive impairments and pathologies in AD. We provide the mechanistic target of iTBS that warrants its therapeutic potential for AD patients.
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Humans , Mice , Animals , Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation , Alzheimer Disease/therapy , Cognitive Dysfunction/therapy , Cognition , Sulfur , Iron , Iron-Sulfur Proteins , Mitochondrial ProteinsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Sensory function may be altered in chronic low back pain (CLBP), which may alter the perception of therapeutic currents. The aim of this study was to verify whether the risk of poor prognosis for CLBP pain influences the amplitude elicited at the sensory threshold (ST) in different modalities of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES). METHODS: This is a quasi-experimental counterbalanced study with 40 subjects divided into four groups (n=10 each), according to the risk of poor prognosis for pain: no risk (control group - CG), low (LrG), medium (MrG), and high (HrG) risks. Four modalities of NMES were tested: two medium frequency currents (Aussie current [AC] and Russian current [RC]) and two low frequency currents (commonly known as functional electrical stimulation [FES]), with two phase durations of200 μs (FES_200) and 500 μs (FES_500), in the region of the lumbar multifidus muscles. All subjects were exposed to all current modalities with interval periods, and when the ST was reached, the amplitude of the current measured in mA was recorded. RESULTS: The currents that elicited the highest and lowest amplitude in the ST were FES_200 and AC, respectively. As for the risk of poor prognosis, the highest amplitudes were for the HrG and the lowest for the LrG. CONCLUSION: The amplitude of the current elicited in the ST tended to be higher among those with a higher risk of poor prognosis for pain and, among the currents, those of medium frequency elicited lower amplitudes.
RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A função sensorial é potencialmente alterada na presença de dor lombar crônica (DLC), o que pode alterar a percepção de passagem de correntes terapêuticas. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se o risco de mau prognóstico para DLC influencia a amplitude elicitada no limiar sensorial (LS) em diferentes modalidades de estimulação elétrica neuromuscular (EENM). MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo quase-experimental contrabalanceado composto por 40 voluntários alocados em quatro grupos (n=10 cada), de acordo com o risco de mau prognóstico para dor: sem risco (grupo controle - GC), baixo risco (GBR), médio risco (GMR) e alto risco (GAR). Foram testadas quatro modalidades de EENM: duas correntes de média frequência (corrente Aussie [CA] e corrente Russa [CR]) e duas correntes de baixa frequência (comumente denominada estimulação elétrica funcional [FES]), com duas durações de fases 200 μs (FES_200) e 500 μs (FES_500) na região dos músculos multífidos lombares. Todos os voluntários foram submetidos a todas as modalidades de corrente, com períodos de intervalos, e ao ser atingido o LS, foi realizado o registro da amplitude da corrente medida em mA. RESULTADOS: As correntes que elicitaram a maior e a menor amplitude no LS foram, respectivamente, FES_200 e CA. Quanto ao risco de mau prognóstico, as maiores amplitudes foram do GAR e as menores do GBR. CONCLUSÃO: A amplitude da corrente elicitada no LS tendeu a ser mais alta entre aqueles com maior risco de mau prognóstico para dor e, dentre as correntes, aquelas de média frequência elicitaram amplitudes mais baixas.A amplitude da corrente elicitada no LS tendeu a ser mais alta entre aqueles com maior risco de mau prognóstico para dor e, dentre as correntes, aquelas de média frequência elicitaram amplitudes mais baixas.
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Abstract Background Phantom limb pain (PLP) occurs after amputations and can persist in a chronic and debilitating way. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation method capable of influencing brain function and modulating cortical excitability. Its effectiveness in treating chronic pain is promising. Objective To evaluate the evidence on the efficacy and safety of using rTMS in the treatment of PLP, observing the stimulation parameters used, side effects, and benefits of the therapy. Methods This is a systematic review of scientific articles published in national and international literature using electronic platforms. Results Two hundred and fifty two articles were identified. Two hundred and forty six publications were removed because they were duplicated or met the exclusion criteria. After selection, six studies were reviewed, those being two randomized clinical trials and four case reports. All evaluated studies indicated some degree of benefit of rTMS to relieve painful symptoms, even temporarily. Pain perception was lower at the end of treatment when compared to the period prior to the sessions and remained during patient follow-up. There was no standardization of the stimulation parameters used. There were no reports of serious adverse events. The effects of long-term therapy have not been evaluated. Conclusion There are some benefits, even if temporary, in the use of rTMS to relieve painful symptoms in PLP. High-frequency stimulation at M1 demonstrated a significant analgesic effect. Given the potential that has been demonstrated, but limited by the paucity of high-quality studies, further controlled studies are needed to establish and standardize the clinical use of the method.
Resumo Antecedentes A dor do membro fantasma (DMF) ocorre após amputações e pode persistir de forma crônica e debilitante. A estimulação magnética transcraniana repetitiva (EMTr) é um método de neuromodulação não invasivo capaz de influenciar a função cerebral e modular a excitabilidade cortical. Sua eficácia no tratamento da dor crônica é promissora. Objetivo Avaliar as evidências sobre a eficácia e segurança do uso da EMTr no tratamento da DMF, observando os parâmetros de estimulação utilizados, efeitos colaterais e benefícios da terapia. Métodos Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática de artigos científicos publicados na literatura nacional e internacional utilizando plataformas eletrônicas. Resultados Foram identificados 252 artigos. Duzentas e quarenta e seis publicações foram removidas por estarem duplicadas ou atenderem aos critérios de exclusão. Após a seleção, foram revisados seis estudos, sendo dois ensaios clínicos randomizados e quatro relatos de caso. Todos os estudos avaliados indicaram algum grau de benefício da EMTr no alívio dos sintomas dolorosos, mesmo que temporariamente. A percepção da dor foi menor ao final do tratamento quando comparada ao período anterior às sessões e permaneceu durante o acompanhamento do paciente. Não houve padronização dos parâmetros de estimulação utilizados. Não houve relatos de eventos adversos graves. Os efeitos da terapia a longo prazo não foram avaliados. Conclusão Existem alguns benefícios, mesmo que temporários, no uso da EMTr para alívio dos sintomas dolorosos na DMF. A estimulação de alta frequência em M1 demonstrou um efeito analgésico significativo. Dado o potencial demonstrado, mas limitado pela escassez de estudos de alta qualidade, são necessários mais estudos controlados para estabelecer e padronizar o uso clínico do método.
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ABSTRACT Purpose: to report scientific evidence on the impact of aphasia on central auditory processing and map the contribution of auditory training to aphasic individuals. Methods: a scoping review approaching national and international databases (SciELO, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library) and the gray literature (Google Scholar and Open Grey). The inclusion criteria covered articles that addressed the interface between central auditory processing and aphasia, excluding duplicates, literature reviews, and scientific abstracts. Literature Review: the review comprised 13 articles that met the eligibility criteria for this study. Seven of the selected articles assessed central auditory processing, four used electrophysiological examinations (such as auditory brainstem response and long-latency auditory evoked potentials) to assess the auditory pathway, and only one analyzed the intervention in aphasic individuals with auditory training. Conclusion: scientific evidence points to an important change in aphasic people's central auditory processing, with impaired figure-ground, auditory closure, temporal resolution and ordering, and binaural integration. Moreover, it is relevant to assess auditory processing, given the contribution of auditory training in speech-language-hearing therapy for a better prognosis in the rehabilitation of aphasia.
RESUMO Objetivo: reportar as evidências científicas do impacto da afasia no Processamento Auditivo Central e mapear a contribuição do Treinamento Auditivo para a população afásica. Métodos: trata-se de uma revisão de escopo realizada nas bases de dados nacionais e internacionais: Scielo, Lilacs, Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane Library e com uma busca adicional à literatura cinzenta no Google Scholar e Open Grey. Os critérios de inclusão abrangeram artigos que abordassem a interface do processamento auditivo central e afasia, excluindo-se as duplicações, artigos de revisão da literatura e resumos científicos. Revisão de Literatura: selecionaram-se 13 artigos que cumpriram os critérios de elegibilidade deste estudo. Dos artigos selecionados, sete apresentaram a avaliação do Processamento Auditivo Central, quatro apresentaram os exames eletrofisiológicos - como os exames de Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico (PEATE) e Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Longa Latência (PEALL) - para avaliação da via auditiva e apenas um estudo analisou a intervenção dos indivíduos afásicos por meio do treinamento auditivo. Conclusão: as evidências científicas apontam importante alteração no Processamento Auditivo Central dos afásicos, apresentando prejuízos nas habilidades auditivas de figura-fundo, fechamento auditivo, resolução e ordenação temporal e integração binaural. Ainda, demonstra-se como relevante a avaliação do processamento, devido à contribuição do Treinamento Auditivo nas terapias fonoaudiológicas para um melhor prognóstico na reabilitação das afasias.
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Promover la estimulación del desarrollo motriz para niños de tres a cuatro años y aprovechar las potencialidades del Programa Educa a Tu Hijo mediante el papel de las familias, la comunidad y los docentes se consideran premisas para el desarrollo del pensamiento creativo que incluye el papel de los juegos en la formación integral, a partir de la ejecución de acciones motrices básicas. Por lo que, se propuso como objetivo de la investigación diseñar un sistema de juegos psicomotrices para los niños de tres a cuatro años del Programa Educa tu Hijo que favorezcan su desarrollo psicomotor. Esto, dio la posibilidad de capacitar a familiares, comunidad y docentes con un enfoque formativo integrador para la motivación del aprendizaje de la motricidad. Los juegos creados dieron muestra de buenas prácticas creativas, incluyeron acciones para expresar el sentir y el deseo de la muestra seleccionada. Para evaluar la temática fueron empleados los métodos teóricos análisis-síntesis, inductivo-deductivo y sistémico-estructural-funcional, empíricos análisis documental, observación, entrevista a los profesores, encuesta a la familia, así como métodos matemático-estadísticos. Por lo que, se ha llegado a la conclusión que los juegos psicomotrices, si se planifican de manera adecuada tienen un impacto positivo en las relaciones sociales, en lo cognitivo, el lenguaje, los sentimientos y las formas en que familiares, comunidad y docentes se preparan para potenciar la formación integral de sus hijos.
Promover a estimulação do desenvolvimento motor de crianças de três a quatro anos e aproveitar as potencialidades do Programa Eduque Seu Filho por meio do papel das famílias, da comunidade e dos professores são considerados premissas para o desenvolvimento do pensamento criativo que inclui o papel dos jogos no treinamento integral, baseado na execução de ações motoras básicas. Portanto, o objetivo da pesquisa foi propor um sistema de jogos psicomotores para crianças de três a quatro anos do Programa Educa tu Hijo que promovam seu desenvolvimento psicomotor. Isto deu a possibilidade de treinar familiares, comunidade e professores com uma abordagem de formação integrativa para motivar a aprendizagem motora. Os jogos criados apresentaram boas práticas criativas, incluíram ações para expressar os sentimentos e desejos da amostra selecionada. Para avaliar o tema foram utilizados os métodos teóricos de análise-síntese, indutivo-dedutivo e sistêmico-estrutural-funcional, análise documental empírica, observação, entrevista com professores, inquérito familiar, além de métodos matemático-estatísticos. Portanto, concluiu-se que os jogos psicomotores, se planejados de forma adequada, têm impacto positivo nas relações sociais, cognitivas, na linguagem, nos sentimentos e nas formas como os familiares, a comunidade e os professores interagem.
Promoting the stimulation of motor development for children aged three to four years and taking advantage of the potential of the Educa tu Hijo Program through the role of families, the community and teachers are considered premises for the development of creative thinking that includes the role of games in comprehensive training, based on the execution of basic motor actions. Therefore, it was proposed as the objective of the research design a system of psychomotor games for children aged three to four years of the Educa tu Hijo Program that promote their psychomotor development. This gave the possibility of training family members, the community and teachers with an integrative training approach to motivate motor learning. The games created showed good creative practices, they included actions to express the feelings and desires of the selected sample. The theoretical methods used to evaluate the topic were analysis-synthesis, inductive-deductive and systemic-structural-functional, the empirical ones were documentary analysis, observation, interview with teachers, family survey, as well as mathematical-statistical methods. Therefore, it has been concluded that psychomotor games, if planned appropriately, have a positive impact on social relationships, cognitive, language, feelings and the ways in which family members, the community and teachers interact. prepare to enhance the comprehensive education of their children.
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Abstract The nerve terminal and muscle membrane compose the neuromuscular junction. After opening the voltage-gated calcium channels, action potentials from the motor axons provoke a cascade for the acetylcholine release from synaptic vesicles to the synaptic cleft, where it binds to its receptor at the muscle membrane for depolarization. Low amplitude compound muscle action potential typically presents in presynaptic disorders, increasing by more than 100% after a 10-second effort in the Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome and less in botulism. Needle electromyography may show myopathic motor unit action potentials and morphological instability ("jiggle") due to impulse blocking. Low-frequency repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) is helpful in postsynaptic disorders, such as myasthenia gravis and most congenital myasthenic syndromes, where the number of functioning acetylcholine receptors is reduced. Low-frequency RNS with a decrement >10% is abnormal when comparing the 4th to the first compound muscle action potential amplitude. High-frequency RNS is helpful in presynaptic disorders like Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, botulism, and some rare congenital myasthenic syndromes. The high-frequency RNS releases more calcium, increasing the acetylcholine with a compound muscle action potential increment. Concentric needle records apparent single-fiber action potentials (spikes). A voluntary activation measures the jitter between spikes from two endplates. An electrical activation measures the jitter of one spike (one endplate). The jitter is the most sensitive test for detecting a neuromuscular junction dysfunction. Most neuromuscular junction disorders are responsive to treatment.
Resumo O nervo terminal e a membrana muscular compõem a junção neuromuscular. Após a abertura dos canais de cálcio dependentes de voltagem, os potenciais de ação do axônio motor provocam uma cascata de eventos que libera acetilcolina das vesículas para a fenda sináptica, ligando-se ao receptor na membrana muscular para despolarização. O potencial de ação muscular composto de baixa amplitude ocorre nas desordens pré-sinápticas, aumentando em mais de 100% após esforço de 10 segundos na síndrome miastênica de Lambert-Eaton e menos no botulismo. A eletromiografia pode mostrar potenciais de ação da unidade motora miopáticos e instabilidade morfológica ("jiggle") devido ao bloqueio do impulso. Estimulação nervosa repetitiva (ENR) de baixa frequência é útil nos distúrbios pós-sinápticos, como miastenia gravis e a maioria das síndromes miastênicas congênitas, quando há número reduzido de receptores de acetilcolina funcionantes. ENR de baixa frequência com decremento >10% é anormal comparando-se à amplitude do quarto com o primeiro potencial de ação muscular composto. ENR de alta frequência é útil nas doenças pré-sinápticas, como síndrome miastênica de Lambert-Eaton, botulismo e algumas síndromes miastênicas congênitas raras. ENR de alta frequência libera mais cálcio, aumenta acetilcolina, resultando em incremento do potencial de ação muscular composto. O eletrodo de agulha concêntrico registra potenciais de ação aparente de fibra única (PAAFU). Ativação voluntária mede jitter entre dois PAAFUs (duas junções neuromusculares). Ativação elétrica mede jitter de um PAAFU (uma junção neuromuscular). Jitter é o teste mais sensível para detectar disfunção de junção neuromuscular. A maioria dos distúrbios juncionais é responsiva ao tratamento.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Neuropathic pain (NP) affects the afferent somatosensory pathways, generating various symptoms, however, there is difficulty in terms of diagnosis and in the formation of treatment protocols. There is a need to search the current literature for effective resources for the treatment of peripheral neuropathy in rehabilitation. The objective of this study was to describe reproducible assessment and treatment approaches capable of reducing NP. CONTENTS: Full articles produced between 2018 and 2022, found in the Pubmed, Scielo, Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases were included. Fifteen Boolean descriptors were used, and data were cross-referenced with the words "AND" or "OR". The selected articles went through the Methodi Ordinatio of classification and organization of studies. Eleven articles were selected and used in this review, two from 2018, five from 2020, and three from 2021. Regarding the type of study, five review articles, one case study, and six intervention studies were obtained. Of these 11 studies, only three used quality of life (QoL) indicators. Most studies used combined interventions, and in more than half of the publications transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) was present. The somatosensory rehabilitation method was able to redeem neuropathy through specific techniques. CONCLUSION: The implications of the neuropathic pain treatment in terms of QoL were left in the background by the bibliometric survey carried out. It is suggested that new studies could associate analgesia techniques with rehabilitation methods, including and measuring the effects on the QoL of these patients.
RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A dor neuropática (DN) acomete as vias somatossensoriais aferentes, gerando diversos sintomas, entretanto há dificuldades em termos de diagnóstico e na formação de protocolos de tratamento. Há a necessidade de buscar, na literatura atual, recursos eficazes para o tratamento da neuropatia periférica na área da reabilitação. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever abordagens reprodutíveis de avaliação e tratamento capazes de diminuir a DN. CONTEÚDO: Foram incluídos artigos completos produzidos entre os anos de 2018 e 2022, encontrados nos bancos de dados Pubmed, Scielo, Medline, Embase e Cochrane. Foram usados 15 descritores booleanos, e os dados foram cruzados com as palavras "AND" ou "OR". Os artigos passaram pelo Methodi Ordinatio de classificação e organização de estudos. Foram selecionados e utilizados 11 artigos, sendo dois de 2018, cinco de 2020 e três de 2021. Acerca do tipo de estudo, foram obtidos cinco artigos de revisão, um estudo de caso e seis estudos de intervenção. Desses 11 estudos, apenas três utilizaram indicadores de qualidade de vida (QV). A maioria dos estudos utilizou intervenções combinadas, e em mais da metade das publicações a estimulação transcraniana por corrente contínua (ETCC) estava presente. O método de reabilitação somatossensorial foi capaz de redimir a neuropatia por meio de técnicas específicas. CONCLUSÃO: As implicações do tratamento da dor neuropática no quesito QV ficaram em segundo plano pelo levantamento bibliométrico realizado. Sugere-se que novos estudos possam associar técnicas de analgesia a métodos de reabilitação, incluindo e mensurando os efeitos sobre a QV desses pacientes.
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Wound complications and pharmacological pain relief methods used at the skin surgical site after cesarean delivery may result in women's physical and emotional burden. Thus, nonpharmacological treatments must be explored to avoid these complications and side effects on maternal health. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Combined Ultrasound and Electric Field Stimulation (CUSEFS) on cicatricial pain and functional capacity in immediate cesarean delivery. METHODS: This study has a randomized clinical trial, double-blind, and placebo-controlled design. Thirty women (25.7±5.0 years) in immediate postpartum were randomly assigned to three groups: Control (CG, n:9), CUSEFS (TG, n:11), and Placebo (PG, n:10). CUSEFS was performed once for 20 minutes. Cicatricial pain (McGill Pain Questionnaire) and functional capacity (Functional Capacity Check) was assessed at baseline, after the intervention, and after 30 minutes. Cohen's (d) and Mixed-design analysis of variance were used to compare groups. RESULTS: Immediately after the intervention, TG showed a decrease in cicatricial pain compared with CG in sensory (d:3.8 to 4.0), affective (d:4.0), and total categories (d:3.9). In functional capacity, TG had less difficulty than CG at walking (d:0.6) and lying down (d:1.1), and PG at rest (d: 0.9). CONCLUSION: CUSEFS might be a resource for managing cicatricial pain and functional capacity in immediate cesarean delivery. Further studies with longer duration and different CUSEFS doses/parameters are required.
RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: As complicações na ferida e o uso de métodos farmacológicos de alívio da dor no local cirúrgico após a cesariana podem resultar em sobrecarga física e emocional para a mulher. Assim, tratamentos não farmacológicos devem ser explorados para evitar essas complicações e efeitos adversos à saúde materna. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos da terapia combinada de estimulação elétrica por meio do ultrassom (CUSEFS) na dor cicatricial e na capacidade funcional no pós-parto imediato de cesariana. MÉTODOS: Este estudo possui um desenho de ensaio clínico randomizado, duplo-cego e controlado por placebo. Trinta mulheres (25,7±5,0 anos) em pós-parto imediato de cesariana foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em três grupos: Controle (CG, n:9), CUSEFS (TG:11) e Placebo (PG, n:10). O CUSEFS foi realizado uma vez por 20 minutos. A dor cicatricial (Questionário de Dor McGill) e a capacidade funcional (Functional Capacity Check) foram avaliadas no início, após a intervenção e após 30 minutos. As análises de variância de design misto e Cohen (d) foram usadas para comparar os grupos. RESULTADOS: Imediatamente após a intervenção, o TG apresentou diminuição na dor cicatricial em relação ao CG nas categorias sensorial (d:3,8 a 4,0), afetiva (d:4,0) e total (d:3,9). Na capacidade funcional, o TG apresentou menor dificuldade que o CG na marcha (d:0,6) e deitado (d:1,1), e que o PG em repouso (d:0,9). CONCLUSÃO: O CUSEFS pode ser um recurso para o manejo da dor cicatricial e da capacidade funcional imediatamente após a cesariana. Além disso, são necessários mais estudos com maior duração e diferentes doses/parâmetros de CUSEFS.
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Objective: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has mixed effects for major depressive disorder (MDD) symptoms, partially owing to large inter-experimental variability in tDCS protocols and their correlated induced electric fields (E-fields). We investigated whether the E-field strength of distinct tDCS parameters was associated with antidepressant effect. Methods: A meta-analysis was performed with placebo-controlled clinical trials of tDCS enrolling MDD patients. PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched from inception to March 10, 2023. Effect sizes of tDCS protocols were correlated with E-field simulations (SimNIBS) of brain regions of interest (bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [DLPFC] and bilateral subgenual anterior cingulate cortex [sgACC]). Moderators of tDCS responses were also investigated. Results: A total of 20 studies were included (21 datasets, 1,008 patients), using 11 distinct tDCS protocols. Results revealed a moderate effect for MDD (g = 0.41, 95%CI 0.18-0.64), while cathode position and treatment strategy were found to be moderators of response. A negative association between effect size and tDCS-induced E-field magnitude was seen, with stronger E-fields in the right frontal and medial parts of the DLPFC (targeted by the cathode) leading to smaller effects. No association was found for the left DLPFC and the bilateral sgACC. An optimized tDCS protocol is proposed. Conclusions: Our results highlight the need for a standardized tDCS protocol in MDD clinical trials. Registration number: PROSPERO CRD42022296246.
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Introducción: En pacientes con epilepsia del lóbulo temporal refractarios que no son candidatos a cirugía, se debe considerar la estimulación eléctrica cerebral como una opción. Contenido: La estimulación eléctrica cerebral es la administración directa de pulsos eléctricos al tejido nervioso que permite modular un sustrato patológico, interrumpir la manifestación clínica de las crisis y reducir la gravedad de estas. Así, dada la importancia de estos tratamientos para los pacientes con epilepsia del lóbulo temporal refractaria, se hace una revisión de cuatro tipos de estimulación eléctrica. La primera, la del nervio vago, es una buena opción en crisis focales y crisis generalizadas o multifocales. La segunda, la del hipocampo, es más útil en pacientes no candidatos a lobectomía por riesgo de pérdida de memoria, con resonancia magnética normal o sin esclerosis mesial temporal. La tercera, la del núcleo anterior, es pertinente principalmente en pacientes con crisis focales, pero debe realizarse con precaución en pacientes con alto riesgo de cambios cognitivos, como los ancianos, o en los que presentan alteración del estado de ánimo basal, y, por último, la del núcleo centromediano se recomienda para el tratamiento crisis focales en el síndrome de Rasmussen y crisis tónico-clónicas en el síndrome de Lennox-Gastaut. Conclusiones: El interés por la estimulación eléctrica cerebral ha venido aumentando, al igual que las estructuras diana en las cuales se puede aplicar, debido a que es un tratamiento seguro y eficaz en pacientes con epilepsia del lóbulo temporal para controlar las crisis, pues disminuye la morbimortalidad y aumenta la calidad de vida.
Introduction: In patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy who are not candidates for surgery, electrical brain stimulation should be considered as another option. Contents: Electrical brain stimulation is the direct administration of electrical pulses to nerve tissue that modulates a pathological substrate, interrupts the clinical manifestation of seizures, and reduces their severity. Thus, given the importance of these treatments for patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy, four types of electrical stimulation are reviewed. The first, vagus nerve stimulation, is a good option in focal seizures and generalized or multifocal seizures. The second, hippocampal stimulation, is more useful in patients who are not candidates for lobectomy due to the risk of memory loss, with normal MRI or without mesial temporal sclerosis. The third, the anterior nucleus, is mainly in patients with focal seizures, but with caution in patients at high risk of cognitive changes such as the elderly, or in those with baseline mood disturbance and, finally, the centromedian nucleus is recommended for the treatment of focal seizures in Rasmussen's syndrome and tonic-clonic seizures in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Conclusions: the interest in brain electrical stimulation has been increasing as well as the target structures in which it can be applied because it is a safe and effective treatment in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy to control seizures, decreasing morbidity and mortality and increasing quality of life
Subject(s)
Anterior Thalamic Nuclei , Intralaminar Thalamic Nuclei , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe , Vagus Nerve Stimulation , Electric Stimulation , HippocampusABSTRACT
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chronic Pelvic Pain (CPP) is characterized by persistent pain in the pelvic region for more than six months, affecting both men and women and causing significant impairment in quality of life (QoL). Two of the main non-invasive approaches are Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS). These techniques aim to modulate neural activity and promote pain relief. In this context, this research conducted an integrative literature review to summarize the results of relevant studies, aiming to identify the key parameters used in TMS and tDCS for CPP treatment. The objective was to assess the effect and efficacy of non-invasive neuromodulation as a therapeutic intervention for CPP. CONTENTS: For this integrative review, electronic searches were conducted in Pubmed, Scielo, PEDro, Medline, Cochrane, and Scopus databases, examining studies in Portuguese, English, or Spanish. The keywords "pelvic pain," "transcranial direct current stimulation," and "transcranial magnetic stimulation" and their derivatives were searched in the three languages in studies from 2013 to 2023. Seven studies were included for analysis. Both techniques showed positive effects in managing CPP, improving pain levels and quality of life to a relevant extent. However, there is still no consensus on the parameters applied in TMS and tDCS techniques for CPP. CONCLUSION: Non-invasive neuromodulation improves pain levels and quality of life in patients with CPP. Further studies are needed to establish more reliable parameter relationships, and the limited number of studies restricts definitive conclusions on the subject.
RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A dor pélvica crônica (DPC) é caracterizada pela persistência da dor na região pélvica por mais de seis meses, afetando tanto homens quanto mulheres e causando prejuízos significativos na qualidade de vida (QV). Duas das principais abordagens não invasivas são Estimulação Magnética Transcraniana (EMT) e a Estimulação Transcraniana por Corrente Contínua (ETCC). Nesse contexto, esta pesquisa realizou uma revisão integrativa da literatura com o intuito de resumir os resultados de estudos relevantes, buscando identificar os principais parâmetros utilizados no tratamento da DPC. O objetivo foi fornecer uma visão abrangente sobre essas técnicas de neuromodulação e suas aplicações específicas no controle da dor pélvica crônica. CONTEÚDO: Para esta revisão integrativa, as buscas eletrônicas ocorreram nas bases de dados Pubmed, Scielo, PEDro, Medline, Cochrane e Scopus, verificando estudos em português, inglês ou espanhol. "Dor pélvica", "estimulação transcraniana por corrente contínua" e "estimulação magnética transcraniana" e suas derivações foram pesquisadas nos três idiomas em estudos entre 2013 e 2023. Sete estudos foram incluídos para análise. Ambas as técnicas apresentaram efeitos positivos no manejo da DPC, melhorando os níveis de dor e a QV em proporções relevantes. Entretanto, ainda não há um consenso sobre os parâmetros aplicados nas técnicas de EMT e ETCC para DPC. CONCLUSÃO: A neuromodulação não invasiva melhora os níveis de dor e a QV em pacientes com DPC. São necessários mais estudos para que relações mais confiáveis de parâmetros possam ser preestabelecidas e a ausência de um maior número de estudos limita conclusões acerca do assunto.