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Long-chain dicarboxylic acid (DCA), a building block for synthesizing a variety of high value-added chemicals, has been widely used in agriculture, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries. The global demand for DCA is increasing in recent years. Compared with chemical synthesis which requires harsh conditions and complicated processes, fermentative production of DCA has many unparalleled advantages, such as low cost and mild reaction conditions. In this review, we summarized the chemical and microbial synthesis methods for DCA and the commercialization status of the fermentation process. Moreover, the advances of using molecular and metabolic engineering to create high-yielding strains for efficient production of DCA were highlighted. Furthermore, the challenges remaining in the microbial fermentation process were also discussed. Finally, the perspectives for developing high titer DCA producing strains by synthetic biology were proposed.
Subject(s)
Fermentation , Dicarboxylic Acids/metabolism , Metabolic Engineering , TechnologyABSTRACT
Prodigiosin is an important natural red pigment that is produced as a secondary metabolite by microorganisms, and has great potential applications in the field of pharmaceutical development, environmental management and dye preparation. This paper reviews recent research progress in the production of prodigiosin by microbial fermentation, including discovery and modification of the prodigiosin-producing microorganisms, regulation and optimization of prodigiosin fermentation and extraction process, and resolution of biosynthetic pathway of prodigiosin and related transcriptional regulation. Finally, we discussed the future research directions in microbial production of prodigiosin.
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Objective To Study the genetic basis of four plants in Glycyrrhiza L.and apply the amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP)molecular marker technique to the selecting of good strain breeding of Glycyrrhiza uralensis.Methods The DNA polymorphism,fingerprinting,and UPGMA ana-lysis of four cultivated species in G.uralensis from Minqin,Kashi,Akesu,and Inner Mongolia were detected by AFLP technique.Results Eight primer combinations were screened from 64 primer combinations to analyze DNA polymorphism and the DNA fingerprintings were generated by primer combination E-AAC/M-CAG.UPGMA Analysis showd that all the studied populations were clustered into four groups and had different relationships.Conclusion The results show that "Minqin No.1","Kashi No.1",and "Akesu No.1" have inimitable gene structure and should be studied more as new breeding resource.
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A zinc chloride and ethionine resistant mutant 0 5Eth400 5 was o btained from its parent strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae 346 by UV and 60 Co ? ray tr e atment and rational screening The glutathione productivity of the mutant reach e d 165 96mg/L by flask culture, which was 350% higher than the parent strain, an d the glutathione content in the dried cells reached 19 76mg/g, which was 318 6% higher than the parent strain A desecend of only 10 7% in the glutathione yie ld of the mutant was observed after ten times of subculture Therefore, the obtai ned mutant is stable strain that is worthwhile to be studied further
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Phaffia rhodozyma is a good strain for astaxanthin production. An over-producing mutant YB-20-29 was obtained by means of Cs137-?ray and N-methy1-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidin (NTG) treatment. The biomass for this strain by shake culture was 36.32 g/L, the pigment content was 1216.0 ?g/g, an increase of 308% compare to o-riginal strain. The astaxanthin content in broth was 30.9?g /mL. It was a potential strain for astaxanthin over-production.