CONCEPTUALIZING PEDAGOGICAL SKILLS WITH A TECHNOLOGICAL TOUCH

Purpose: The present paper addresses an important issue on upgrading the pedagogical activities of in-service teachers. There is a tremendous surge in use of technology being applied everywhere from kitchen to class rooms. Teachers must be oriented to understand this compulsion of adapting techno aspects in their routine teaching program. S,o a logical and theoretical discussion is presented herewith for the benefit of teachers to understand the significance. Teachers have to extend and expand their thinking from traditional Pedago-Content skills towards the point of improving and upgrading their professional career by adapting all possible technological advances. The discussion begins from a formal concept of Pedagogy it's interpretation as a skill and competence. Later the association of Pedagogical and Subject-matter Knowledge is tagged with Technology

Faculty and student perception of innovative evaluation strategies in a medical programme basic area / Percepción de docentes y estudiantes sobre estrategias innovadoras de evaluación en el área básica de un programa de medicina

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the on-line knowledge examination, the Interdisciplinary Evaluation and Feedback Seminar (SERI in Spanish) and the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) as innovative evaluation strategies, based on the perceptions of faculty and students of an medical programme basic area. Materials and methods: Qualitative, microethnographic research. Five focus groups and seven in-depth interviews were conducted with faculty members and students who gave their informed consent and their permission for recording. The data were analysed using open axial coding and emerging categories. Triangulation of sources, authors and techniques was used, and a final report was prepared before returning the information. Results: The strategies studied have strengths and weaknesses; on-line examination is well accepted by the students but there is a lack coordination. Greater faculty training in the use of the platform is required, and it is important to establish mechanisms to avoid potential fraud. SERI favours feedback but there is a need to reduce the risk of affecting self-esteem and to find ways to improve knowledge assessment. OSCE comes closer to the correlation between basic training and clinical practice, but organisation and physical space for stations need to be improved. Conclusions: Innovative evaluation strategies must be the focus of constant review in terms of their structure and implementation in order to strengthen comprehensive student training.

RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender las estrategias innovadoras de evaluación: examen de conocimientos en la plataforma virtual, Seminario de Evaluación y Retroalimentación Interdisciplinar (SERI) y Examen de Conocimientos por Objetivos Estructurado (ECOE), desde las percepciones de docentes y estudiantes del área básica de un programa de medicina. Materiales y métodos: investigación cualitativa, microetnográfica. Se realizaron cinco grupos focales y siete entrevistas en profundidad a docentes y estudiantes, con grabación autorizada y consentimiento informado; se analizó la información mediante codificación abierta y axial, y generación de categorías emergentes. Se utilizó triangulación de fuentes, autores y técnicas, se elaboró informe final, previa devolución de información. Resultados: las estrategias investigadas tienen fortalezas y debilidades, el examen en plataforma es bien recibido por estudiantes pero le falta coordinación. Se necesita mayor capacitación de docentes en el uso de la plataforma, y es importante establecer mecanismos para evitar posibles fraudes. El SERI favorece la retroalimentación, pero se requiere que disminuya el riesgo de vulnerar la autoestima y permita una mejor valoración de conocimientos. El ECOE los acerca a la correlación básico-clínica, pero falta organización y espacio para las estaciones. Conclusiones: las estrategias innovadoras de evaluación deben someterse a una constante revisión desde su estructura y ejecución, fortaleciendo así la formación integral de los estudiantes.

Response to US review rules on patent subject matter of traditional Chinese medicine compositions / 中国中药杂志

The United States Patent and Trademark Office(USPTO) issued Interim Guidance on Patent Subject Matter Eligibility on December 16， 2014， bringing certain effects to the review rules on patent application of Chinese medicine compositions. Based on the Interim Guidance， cases analysis was used in this paper to analyze the patent subject matter issues of traditional Chinese medicine compositions in the United States. The researches have shown that the application documents should be properly written in the United States when the patent for Chinese medicine compositions is applied， which can improve the probability of authorization.

Breves considerações sobre a concepção do objeto de estudo da Psicologia para Wundt e para Brentano / Brief considerations on the conception of the subject matter of Psychology for Wundt and for Brentano / Breves consideraciones sobre la concepción de lo objeto de estudio de la Psicología para Wundt y para Brentano

O século XIX testemunhou diversas tentativas de constituição de uma Psicologia científica, com o aparecimento de diferentes sistemas psicológicos. Entre eles, destacam-se o de Wilhelm Wundt e o de Franz Brentano. Ambos buscam imputar cientificidade à Psicologia, mas discordam quanto ao ponto de partida para a elaboração de um projeto de Psicologia. Este artigo tem por objetivo introduzir a concepção do objeto de estudo da Psicologia conforme apresentada em suas obras centrais. Wundt defende que o objeto de estudo da Psicologia é a experiência consciente imediata, composta de elementos mentais básicos que podem ser divididos em sensações e sentimentos. Brentano postula que a Psicologia é a ciência dos fenômenos psíquicos, atos mentais que têm direção para objetos cuja existência depende de tais atos.

The 19th century has witnessed several attempts to constitute a scientific Psychology, with the birth of several psychological systems. Among those, the ones proposed by Wilhelm Wundt and by Franz Brentano stand out. Both Wundt and Brentano attempt to impute scientificity to Psychology, but they disagree on the starting point for the elaboration of a project of Psychology. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the conception of the subject matter of Psychology as it is presented in their main works. Wundt defends that the subject matter of Psychology is the immediate conscious experience, composed of basic mental elements that can be divided into sensations and feelings. Brentano postulates that Psychology is the science of psychic phenomena, mental acts which have direction toward objects whose existence depends on such acts.

El siglo XIX fue testigo de varios intentos de constituir una psicología científica, con el surgimiento de diferentes sistemas psicológicos. Entre ellos se destacan los de Wilhelm Wundt y Franz Brentano. Ambos tratan de imputar cientificidad a la psicología, aunque están en desacuerdo sobre el punto de partida para el desarrollo de un proyecto de psicología. Este artículo pretende introducir el concepto del objeto de estudio de la psicología como se presenta en sus obras centrales. Wundt sostiene que el objeto de estudio de la psicología es la experiencia consciente inmediata, que consiste en elementos mentales básicos que se pueden dividir en sensaciones y sentimientos. Brentano defiende que la psicología es la ciencia de los fenómenos psíquicos, acciones mentales direccionadas a objetos cuya existencia depende de esos mismos actos.