The Association Between Serum Vitamin D Levels and Serum Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide (CAMP) Levels Among Tuberculosis Patients in Comparison with Control Subjects

Objectives: To compare the serum vitamin D and serum cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) levels among tuberculosis patients and healthy subjects and to determine the association between serum vitamin D and cathelicidin in tuberculosis. Materials and Methods: This is a case-control study carried out at the pulmonary medicine and pediatrics departments of a tertiary care hospital in Chengalpattu. The study included 180 tuberculosis cases and 90 control subjects of both sexes between the age group of 1 to 80 years. Serum was used to estimate vitamin D and CAMP. The study was analyzed using SPSS version 21 (IBM Corp. Armonk, New York). The results were evaluated using the chi-square test at a 95% confidence interval, and P value <.05 was considered highly significant. Results: This study observed vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D insufficiency, and optimum vitamin D among 55%, 41%, and 3.89% tuberculosis cases, respectively. Similarly, vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D insufficiency, and optimum vitamin D were seen in 40%, 50%, and 10% healthy controls, respectively. Conclusion: This study found no association between serum vitamin D and serum CAMP levels in tuberculosis patients and healthy controls.

Influence of the “Sunshine Kitchen Project” on the standardized operation of catering industry / 上海预防医学

Objective:To analyze the unqualified rate of the observation indicaors before and after the implementation of “Sunshine Kitchen Project” in order to provide reference for improving the management of catering industry. Methods:This study included 415 catering establishments with implementation of the “Sunshine Kitchen Project” as intervention group and 210 catering establishments as control group without the implementation. By combining cohort study with case-control study， the unqualified rate of each observation indicator in intervention group and control group was analyzed. Results:After the intervention of “Sunshine Kitchen Project”， the unqualified rate of seven observation indicators related to operational behavior was significantly reduced， with an overall decrease of 12.44%. There were significant differences among the unqualified rate of large and medium-sized catering units and canteens in the intervention group （P < 0.001）. There was no statistically significant change in the unqualified rate of seven indicators in the control group （P > 0.1）. Compared with the control group before and after the intervention， the reduction of unqualified rate in the intervention group was significantly larger than that in the control group. The overall unqualified rate of the intervention group was significantly lower than that of the control group （P < 0.001）. Conclusion:The project of “Sunshine Kitchen” plays an active role in promoting the standardized operation of catering industry.

Medical Consumable Management System Research under the New Situation / 中国医疗器械杂志

With the continuous improvement of the difficulty of surgery, we need to investigate and analyze the current situation, to understand the structure and related attributes of medical consumables. Rely on the information construction of medical consumables; Improve the supervision method and further improve the refined management effect; Establish multi-modal procurement management; Improve management methods; Maximize the benefits of transformation structure and study the trace management of medical consumables in the key areas of the hospital's full life process at the same time. Provide data decision-making services for hospitals through the early warning management of medical consumables based on clinical quality management, and use tools such as HB-HTA to further construct a reasonable evaluation system for medical consumables.

Light and carbon dioxide-driven synthesis of high-density fuel in Synechococcus elongates UTEX 2973 / 生物工程学报

Development of "liquid sunshine" could be a key technology to deal with the issue of fossil fuel depletion. β-caryophyllene is a terpene compound with high energy density and has attracted attention for its potential application as a jet fuel. The high temperature and high light-tolerant photosynthetic cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973 (hereafter Synechococcus 2973), whose doubling time is as short as 1.5 h, has great potential for synthesizing β-caryophyllene using sunlight and CO₂. In this study, a production of ~121.22 μg/L β-caryophyllene was achieved at 96 h via a combined strategy of pathway construction, key enzyme optimization and precursor supply enhancement. In addition, a final production of ~212.37 μg/L at 96 h was realized in a high-density cultivation. To our knowledge, this is the highest production reported for β-caryophyllene using cyanobacterial chassis and our study provide important basis for high-density fuel synthesis in cyanobacteria.

K-Sunshine Act: Submission of an Expense Report on Details of Economic Interest / 임상당뇨병

(1) A drug provider shall prepare an expense report on economic interests, etc. to be provided to pharmacists, oriental medicine pharmacists, medical personnel, medical institution founders, or persons working for a medical institution, within three months after the termination of each fiscal year, as prescribed by Ordinance of the Ministry of Health and Wealth, and shall retain the relevant expense report, books related thereto, and base data for five years. (2) Where deemed necessary, the Minister of Health and Wealth may request the submission of the expense report, books related thereto, and base data under paragraph (1). In such cases, a drug provider shall comply therewith without justifiable grounds.

Analysis on the time of sunshine exposure among Chinese primary and middle school students in 12 provinces / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the characteristics on the time of sunshine exposure in Chinese primary and middle school students.Methods A total of 43 771 primary and middle school students were randomly selected from 12 provinces in China.A self-reported questionnaire was used to understand their time of sunshine exposure on weekdays and weekends as well as related family information and behaviors.x2 test was used to compare the hours of sunshine exposure among different groups.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the influencing factors.Results Results from the current survey indicated that the average time of sunshine exposure on weekdays and weekends were 2.49 and 3.22 hours,respectively.On weekdays,proportions of students with time of sunshine exposure ≤2 h/d or ＞2 h/d were 60.81％ and 39.19％,respectively.On weekends,the proportions became 44.05％ and 55.95％,respectively.On weekdays,the time of sunshine exposure as ≤2 h/d was significantly different among factors as sex,urban or rural area,residential area,self-rating academic performance,type of housing or ways of commuting to school.On weekends,the time of sunshine exposure ≤2 h/d were significantly different among sex,residential areas,self-rating academic performance,type of housing and ways of commuting to school.Data from the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the limited sunshine exposure was significantly associated with factors as:type of primary schools,being girls,students living in the urban area or living in central or western areas,with normal or better academic performances,living in a fiat apartment and the time spent on watching video program ＞2 h/d both on weekdays and weekends.Conclusion The time of sunshine exposure seemed not enough among school students and significant differences were seen among different groups.

Effects of Supplementation of Calcium and Sunshine During Pregnancy on Serum Level of Total 25-OH-D / 沈阳医学院学报

Objective:To study the effect of supplementation of calcium and sunshine during pregnancy on serum level of total 25-hydroxyvitamin vitamin D (25-OH-D) . Methods: A total of 151 cases of normal pregnant women were divided into four groups:without calcium and sunshine, without calcium and with sunshine, with calcium and without sunshine, with calcium and sunshine. LIAISON XL chemiluminescence analyzer was used to detect the serum level of 25-OH-D. Results:Compared with the group of without calcium and sunshine, the serum level of 25-OH-D in other groups increased significantly.The calcium deficiency rate of puerpera and neonatal decreased significantly.The reference range was 13.96 ng/ml (2.5%percentile), 39.54 ng/ml (50%percentile) and 73.90 ng/ml (92.5%percentile) .The mean value of 25-OH-D was (41.67 ± 14.72) ng/ml.Conclusion:Proper supplementation of calcium and adequate sunshine during pregnancy can prevent calcium deficiency of puerpera and neonate.The reference range of serum 25-OH-D is slightly lower than that in general population.

Knowledge Discovery In Terms of Sunshine Diagram of Multi-layer Complex Concept Network Express on Urination Formula-syndrome inTreatise on Exogenous Febrile Disease / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study was aimed to discover the knowledge of urination formula-syndrome in theTreatise on Exogenous Febrile Diseasebased on the Sunshine diagram of multi-layer complex concept network express. A total of 39 items about urination formula-syndrome in theTreatise on Exogenous Febrile Diseasewere collected, and then regulated into standard expression. The database was established and the multi-layer complex concept network express was constructed. The Sunshine diagram was drawn and the connotation rules on urination formula-syndrome in theTreatise on Exogenous Febrile Diseasewere summarized through mode development of the diagram. The results showed that the Sunshine diagram collected 44 objects (i.e., formulas) and 191 properties (i.e. syndromes), which expressed the urination formula-syndrome visually. It was concluded that the application of Sunshine diagram in the formula-syndrome knowledge based on multi-layer complex concept network express provided certain references on the inheritance and development of classics in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).

Financial Disclosures in Academic Publications and the Sunshine Act: A Concordance Study.

Aims: To assess the concordance between conflicts of interest reported by physicians in three major scientific journals and industry-reported payments available through the Open Payments Program (OPP) database. Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional surveys. Place and Duration of Study: United States allopathic and osteopathic physicians with publications in American Journal of Ophthalmology, JAMA Ophthalmology, and Ophthalmology accepted after January 1, 2014 and published from May 2014 through October 2014. Methodology: We compared physicians’ self-reported conflicts of interest in their academic publications to industry-reported payments in the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services OPP database. Authors were categorized based on concordance between self-reported disclosures and payments listed in the database. Payments were designated as disclosed or undisclosed. Results: Of the 670 authors surveyed, 367 (54.8%) were in perfect concordance with the OPP database; 68 (10.1%) authors made disclosures beyond those in the database but had no undisclosed ties; 235 (35.1%) authors had one or more undisclosed payments. Disclosed and undisclosed payments totaled $1.46 million and $1.81 million, respectively. Conclusion: In three major ophthalmology journals, a significant discrepancy exists between conflicts of interest reported by physician authors and payments found in the OPP database. This lack of concordance raises concerns about incomplete physician disclosure, inaccurate reporting, inadequate vetting, and ambiguity over financial relevance, all of which undermine confidence in the disclosure process.

Relações de variáveis ambientais e subperíodos na produtividade e teor de óleo em canola / Relations of environments variables and subperiods in yield and content oil in canola

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar as relações existentes entre a produtividade de grãos, teor de óleo e subperíodos da canola com a soma térmica (ST, ºC dias) e a insolação real acumulada (IAC, horas) durante a fase de enchimento de grãos, além de classificar a importância dessas variáveis sobre as diferenças morfológicas observadas. Foram realizados três experimentos, com espaçamentos entre linhas de 0.20, 0.40 e 0.60m. Durante dois anos de cultivo (2008 e 2009), os genótipos 'Hyola 432' (precoce) e 'Hyola 61' (médio) foram avaliados em três densidades de plantio (20, 40 e 60 plantas m-2), em cada experimento. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 2x2x3 (anos x genótipos x densidades), com quatro repetições. A soma térmica no subperíodo da floração à maturação fisiológica não está diretamente associada ao rendimento e teor de óleo nos grãos, frente ao arranjo de plantas. Os dias da emergência ao início da floração, da emergência à floração final e o tempo de duração da floração em canola são as variáveis que mais contribuem para a variação morfológica total.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the relationship among grain yield, oil content and subperiods of canola with thermal time and accumulated sunshine hours during of grain-filling phase and classify the importance of this variables about morphological differences observed. Three experiments were carried out with row spacing of 0.20, 0.40 and 0.60m. During two crop years (2008 and 2009), the genotypes 'Hyola 432' and 'Hyola 61' were evaluated in three plant densities (20, 40 e 60 plants m-2) in each experiment. The experimental design was to randomized blocks in factorial arrangement 2x2x3 (years x genotypes x densities), with four replicates. The thermal time in subperiod of flowering to physiological maturation is not associated directly to the yield and oil content in grains by plant arrangement. The days of emergence to the beginning of flowering, of emergence to late flowering and duration time of flowering in canola are variables more contribute to morphological variation total.

Regulação do serviço de resíduos sólidos em Portugal / Regulation of solid waste services in Portugal

O manejo dos serviços de resíduos sólidos em Portugal, de modo atípico no plano internacional, é objeto de regulação econômica por parte de uma agência reguladora autônoma (Entidade Reguladora dos Serviços de Água e Resíduos - ERSAR). Além de suas atribuições enquanto regulador econômico, o progressivo reconhecimento da ERSAR tem sido alcançado por via de sua atividade quanto à regulação da qualidade de serviço. Por meio da aplicação ao universo de prestadores de serviço regulados de um conjunto de indicadores de desempenho, são comparados e publicitados anualmente os resultados relativos a cada prestador (regulação sunshine). Apesar da ausência de sanções formais e materiais na eventualidade de os níveis de desempenho se situarem aquém dos valores de referência preconizados pela agência reguladora, a aplicação do sistema ao longo dos últimos anos tem gerado evidência dos esforços dos prestadores na melhoria do seu desempenho nas áreas em que se apresentam mais frágeis. Consequentemente, este mecanismo de "name and shame" tem sido amplamente reconhecido pelos "stakeholders" do setor de resíduos português, bem como pela comunidade internacional, como um importante contributo para o desenvolvimento e melhoria contínua na prestação desses serviços públicos essenciais.

The management of solid waste services in Portugal, which is atypical at an international level, is subject to economic regulation by a regulatory agency (ERSAR). In addition to its responsibilities as economic regulator, the progressive recognition of ERSAR has been achieved through its role concerning the quality of service regulation. Through the application of a set of performance indicators to the universe of the regulated operators, the results are annually compared and publicized for each operator (sunshine regulation). Despite the absence of formal and material sanctions if performance levels are situated below the reference values recommended by the regulatory agency, over the past years the system has provided evidence of the efforts of the operators to improve their performance in fields that seem to be weaker. Consequently, this mechanism of "name and shame" has been widely recognized both by the stakeholders of the Portuguese waste sector and the international community as an important contribution to the development and continuous improvement in the provision of these essential public services.

Tamanho de amostra para a estimação da média mensal de insolação diária em diferentes locais do estado do Rio Grande do Sul / Sample size for estimating the average monthly daily insolation in different locations of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

Com o objetivo de determinar o tamanho de amostra (número de anos) para a estimação da média mensal de insolação diária de 30 locais do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, utilizaram-se os dados de insolação do período de 1960 a 2007. Em cada uma das 360 séries temporais (12 meses x 30 locais), calcularam-se a média e a variância e testaram-se a aleatoriedade e a normalidade dos dados. Verificou-se a homogeneidade de variâncias entre os meses em cada local e entre os locais em cada mês. Depois, calculou-se o tamanho de amostra em cada mês e local. O tamanho de amostra (número de anos) para a estimação da média mensal de insolação diária é dependente do mês e do local. Para os meses e locais estudados, até 44 anos de observações são necessários para estimar a média mensal de insolação diária, para um erro de estimação igual a ±0,5 horas dia-1, com grau de confiança de 95 por cento.

It was used data from 30 locations of the Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, collected from 1960 to 2007, with the objective to determine the sample size (number of years) to estimate the average daily month insolation . The average and variance was calculated for each of the 360 time series (12 months x 30 locations) and the aleatory and normality data were tested. Then it was verified the homogeneity of variance among months in each locality and among places in each month and it was determined the sample size to estimate the average monthly insolation daily in each month and locality. The sample size (number of years) to estimate the average monthly insolation daily is dependent on the month and locality. One concluded that 44 years of data are enough to predict the average monthly insolation daily, with an estimation error equal to ±0.5 hours days-1, with a degree confidence of 95 percent.

Investigation of psychological status of the AIDS affected orphans settled in Sunshine Homestead / 中国艾滋病性病

Objective To understand the psychological status of the AIDS affected orphans in Henan Sunshine Homestead.Methods One hundred orphans from three Henan Sunshine Homesteads were investigated by questionnaire and depth-interviews.Results The study showed that the AIDS affected orphans were satisfied with their present living conditions in general,but still had some dissatisfaction.They valued peer relations,but were passive to contact strangers,and also felt lacking of care from the elderly.Nearly 70% of the orphans were some what introverted in nature,and some were in lack of thankful heart to managers of the Homestead and their patrons.

Purchase, utilization and management of medical equipment / 医疗卫生装备

This paper points out that sunshine purchase, reasonable utilization and scientific management be involved in the management of medical equipment.