Influence of asarone injection for the pulmonary surfactant proteins and oxygen supply state of newborns with pneumonia / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To observe the influence state of asarone injection for the pulmonary surfactant proteins and oxygen supply state of newborns with pneumonia. Methods 72 newborns with pneumonia were selected as the study object, and they were randomly divided into control group (36 cases) and observation group (36 cases), the control group were treated with conventional treatment of pneumonia, the observation group were treated with asarone injection on the treatment method of control group, then the pulmonary surfactant protein indexes, oxygenation function indexes and blood gas analysis of two groups before and after the treatment were respectively detected and compared. Results The pulmonary surfactant protein indexes, oxygenation function indexes and blood gas analysis of two groups before the treatment all had no significant differences, while the pulmonary surfactant protein indexes, oxygenation function indexes and blood gas analysis of observation group at first, second and fifth day after the treatment were all significantly better than those of control group, all P<0.05, there were all significant differences. Conclusion The asarone injection can significantly improve the pulmonary surfactant proteins and oxygen supply of newborns with pneumonia, so its application value in the treatment of newborns with pneumonia is higher.

Murine models of Aspergillosis: Role of collectins in host defense.

Aspergillus fumigatus, a ubiquitous fungus, causes a wide spectrum of clinical conditions ranging from allergic to invasive aspergillosis depending upon the hosts’ immune status. Several animal models have been generated to mimic the human clinical conditions in allergic and invasive aspergillosis. The onset, duration and severity of the disease developed in models varied depending on the animal strain/fungal isolate, quantity and mode of administration of fungal antigens/spores, duration of the treatment, and type of immunosuppressive agent used. These models provide insight into host and pathogen factors and prove to be useful for evaluation of diagnostic markers and effective therapies. A series of studies established the protective role of collectins in murine models of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis and Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis. Collectins, namely surfactant protein A (SP-A), surfactant protein D (SP-D) and mannan binding lectin (MBL), are pattern recognition molecules regulating both innate and adaptive immune response against pathogens. In the present review, we discussed various murine models of allergic and invasive aspergillosis and the role of collectins in host defense against aspergillosis.

Relationship between Polymorphism of Pulmonary Surfactant Protein A Gene and Adaptation to Hypobaric Hypoxia / 航天医学与医学工程

Objective To investigate the relation between polymorphisms of pulmonary surfactant protein A gene and adaptation to hypobaric hypoxia. Methods The genotype proportions and allel frequencies of 86 Tibetan mountaineers and 90 sea-level Hans were examined with polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer(SSP-PCR) reaction for surfactant protein A gene. Results The constituent ratio of A/A,A/G and G/G genotypes in A1-aa62 locus and C/C,A/C and A/A genotypes in A2-aa223 locus showed significant statistic difference between highland group and the sea-level control group(P＜0.05). A1-aa62 G/G and A2-aa223 A/C genotype demonstrated high odds ratio in Tibetan mountaineers. Moreover, the comparisons of genotypes and alleles in A1-219 locus showed no significant difference between the plateau group and the sea-level Han control(P＞0.05). Conclusion The single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SPN) in SP-A1aa62 and SP-A2aa223 may be associated with the adaptation to hypobaric hypoxia.

Después de medio siglo de estudio del sistema surfactante pulmonar / After half a century of studying the pulmonary surfactant system

Se examinó la historia y el estado actual del conocimiento sobre el sistema surfactante pulmonar endógeno, enfatizando en la composición bioquímica y sus funciones biológicas al nivel pulmonar; así como en las fuentes y vías de obtención de los surfactantes exógenos; algunos productos que han logrado introducirse con éxito en la práctica clínica y otros que están en fases avanzadas de su ciclo de obtención y evaluación. Aborda las metas de la investigación en este campo.

The history and present state of the knowledge about the endogenous pulmonary surfactant system was examined, making emphasis on the biochemical composition and its biological functions at the lung level, as well as on the sources and ways of obtention of the exogenous surfactants, on some products that have been successfully introduced into the medical practice and on others that are at advanced stages of their cycle of obtention and evaluation. It also approaches the goals of research in this field.

Effects of Antenatal Administration of Keratinocyte Growth Factor (KGF), Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), and Dexamethasone on mRNA Levels of Surfactant Proteins in Fetal Mouse Lungs

PURPOSE: Growth factors such as keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) have been shown to stimulate alveolar proliferation and pulmonary surfactant production in neonatal animals, raising the question of their antenatal uses. We studied the effects of antenatal administration of recombinant human KGF (rhKGF), recombinant human EGF (rhEGF), or dexamethasone (Dexa) in mouse pups on mRNA synthesis of surfactant proteins A, B, and C. METHODS: Time-dated pregnant mice were divided into 5 groups. At gestational day 16, the pregnant mice received intraperitoneal injection of saline, rhKGF, rhKGF+Dexa, Dexa alone, or rhEGF. Fetuses were delivered by cesarean section 24 h later. Lung tissues were obtained for isolation of RNA and realtime RT-PCR for SP-A, -B, and -C. RESULTS: Relative SP-A mRNA levels of any of the treatment groups were not significantly different from the control group. Either KGF or Dexa group did not show higher levels of SP-B mRNA than control group. Relative mean values of SP-B mRNA of KGF+Dexa and EGF groups were higher than the control group, but not statistically significant. Even though there was a trend of increasing levels of SP-C mRNA in all the treatment groups, the differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Antenatal intraperitoneal administration of KGF, EGF, or dexamethasone to pregnant mice did not increase the mRNA expressions of surfactant proteins in preterm mouse pups. However, the effects of different doses, timing, and routes of administration are important factors that may influence the outcomes and should further be investigated in the future.

Gene Expression of Surfactant Protein B and C in Endotoxin and Thiourea Treated Rats / 결핵

BACKGROUND: The surfactant specific proteins, SP-B and SP-C are believed to be important regulators of the surfactant function and homeostasis. Since acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) is usually viewed as the functional and morphological expression of a similar underlying lung injury caused by a variety of insults, and since abnormalities in the surfactant function have been described in ARDS, the authors investigated the different effects of endotoxin and thiourea on the accumulation of mRNA encoding SP-B and SP-C. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were given 5 mg/kg of an intraperitoneal endotoxin from Salmonella enteritidis and 3.5 mg/kg intraperitoneal thiourea and were sacrificed at different time periods. RESULTS: 1. The SP-B mRNA levels 6 and 24 hours after the 5 mg/kg endotoxin treatment was significantly reduced by 26.1% and 50%, respectively(P<0.01, P<0.001). 2. The SP-B mRNA levels 24 hours after the 3.5 mg/kg thiourea treatment was reduced by 9.8% and 12.5%, respectively. 3. The SP-C mRNA levels 6 and 24 hours after the 5 mg/kg endotoxin treatment was significantly reduced by 38.7% and 53.6%, respectively(P<0.01, P<0.001). 4. The SP-C mRNA level 6 hours after the 3.5 mg/kg thiourea treatment was reduced by 22.8%(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the differential regulation of the hydrophobic surfactant proteins in vivo is evident, and suggest that the hydrophobic surfactant proteins might be differentially regulated during lung injury at different time periods without altering the lung wet to dry ratios. The mechanism of these alternations at the different time periods and the different kinds of etiology remain to be determined.

The Effect of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) on Gene Expression of Surfactant Protein A, B, and C / 결핵

BACKGROUND: TNF may play an important role (central mediator) in the development of an acute respiratory distress syndrome. Since TNF induced lung injury in the actute respiratory distress syndrome and abnormalities in surfactant function have been dexcribed in acute respiratory distress syndrome, the authors investigated the effects of TNF on the regulation of surfactant protein A, B, and C mRNA accumulation. METHODS: The effects of TNF on gene expression of surfactant protein A, B, and C were analyzed using filter hybridiztion, 12 and 24 hours after intravenous injection of TNF in rats. RESULTS: 1. The accumulation of SP-A mRNA in the TNF treated group (12 and 24 hours after TNF injection) was significantly decreased by 22.9% and 27.4%, respectively, compared to the control group (P < .025, P < .025). 2. The accumulation of SP-B mRNA in 24 hours after TNF treated group was significantly decreased by 20.5% compared to that of the control group (P<.01). 3. The accumulation of SP-C mRNA in 12 hours after treated group was significantly decreased by 31% the compared to that of the control group(P<.01). CONCLUSION: These findings indicate the marked inhibitory effects of tumor necrosis factor on surfactant proteins expression in vivo. This finding, in turn, supports the idea of inhibitory effects of tumor necrosis factor on surfactant proteins expression as it relates to pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Gene Expression of Surfactant Protein A, B and C in Platelet-activating Factor(PAF) Treated Rats / 결핵

BACKGROUND: Platelet-activating factor(PAF) might play an important role in the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Since PAF induced lung injury is similar to changes of acute respiratory distress syndrome, and abnormalities in surfactant function have been described in acute respiratory distress syndrome, the authors investigated the effects of PAF on the regulation of surfactant protein A, B and C mRNA accumulation METHOD: The effects of PAF on gene expression of surfactant protein A, B and C in 24 hours after intratracheal injection of PAF in rats. Surfactant protein A, B and C mRNAs were measured by filter hybridization. RESULTS: The accumulation of SP-A mRNA in PAF treated group was significantly decreased by 37.1% and 41.6%, respectively compared to the control group and the group treated with Lyso-PAF(p<0.025, p<0.01). The accumulation of SP-B mRNA in PAF treated group was decreased by 18.7% and 32.2 %, respectively compared to the control group and the group treated with Lyso-PAF but statistically not significant. The accumulation of SP-C mRNA in PAF treated group was significantly decreased by 30.7% and 38.5%, respectively compared to the control group and the group treated with Lyso-PAF(p<0.01, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: These findings represent a marked inhibitory effects of platelet-activating factor on surfactant proteins expression in vivo. This supports, in turn, platelet-activating factor might be related to pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome.