Correlative analysis advance of chemical constituents of Polyporus umbellatus and Armillaria mellea / 中国中药杂志

Medicinal Polyporus umbellatus is the dry sclerotia of P. umbellatus, with the effect of diuresis; Armillaria mellea is a parasitic fungus which can infect plants up to 300 genera, with sedative, anticonvulsant and some other biological activities. As the medicinal value of P. umbellatus and A. mellea is increasingly wide concerned, the market quantity demanded of them is gradually increased and the demand outstrips the supply. The symbiotic A. mellea and P. umbellatus are both the medicinal and edible fungi with diverse activities, including hypoglycemic action, improve immunity and antitumor and so on. The growth of the sclerotia forming from the mycelium of P. umbellatus is related to the infection of the symbiotic A. mellea and their secondary products. In this study, by comparing the chemical constituents of the mycelium and sclerotia of P. umbellatus and A. mellea, we found that they all produced steroids and nitrogen-containing heterocycles. The sclerotia of P. umbellatus and A. mellea also produced triterpenes secondary metabolites. In addition, the mycelium and infected sclerotia of P. umbellatus mainly produced different steroids, and the sclerotia produced some other special secondary metabolites, such as long-chain fatty acids, ceramides, phenol and so on. By analyzing above all kinds of differences, speculated that these may be caused by the infection of the symbiotic A. mellea which mainly produced sesquiterpenes, diterpenes and other secondary metabolites. The contents and types of compounds of P. umbellatus and A. mellea are closely related to their symbiosis and reproduction, therefore, many symbiosis mechanisms should be found by utilizing more molecular biology technology to elucidate this complex symbiotic infection and provide scientific basis for improving the yield and quality of P. umbellatus and A. mellea.

El “X”equel. Un caso clínico “X” de los avatares de la subjetividad sobre una base de diagnóstico genético / The X equel. A clinical case X of the avatars of subjectivity on the basis of genetic diagnosis

Se presenta el caso de un niño de cinco años, portador de un síndrome de X frágil con epilepsia; consultan los padres motivados principalmente por las manifestaciones disruptivas y dificultades en el lenguaje. Se exponen fragmentos de las sesiones con el niño, particularmente su forma de relación y modo lúdico, entrevistas familiares y trabajo escolar, con la intención de analizar la fantasmática parental en relación a la organicidad y la ligazón convulsión-muerte que anudan la historia de Exequiel.

The case of a five-year-old child, carrier of fragile X syndrome with epilepsy,is presented. His parents consult primarily motivated by disruptive behaviorsand difficulties in language Fragments of sessions with the child are exposed, particularly his relationalpatterns and ludic mode, family interviews and school work. This is done inorder to analyse the fantasies of the parents in relation to organ damage andthe link convulsion-death that ties Exequiel’s history.