O Modelo Lúdico em crianças com Síndrome de Down / The Ludic Model in children with Down's Syndrome / El Modelo Lúdico en los niños con el síndrome de Down

O Modelo Lúdico é um referencial teórico para a intervenção clínica, desenvolvido por Francine Ferland, terapeuta ocupacional, que tem como foco de investigação o brincar na prática clínica com crianças com deficiência física. O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar possíveis contribuições do modelo e de autores da Psicologia para análise do brincar de crianças com Síndrome de Down. O estudo incluiu oito crianças de ambos os sexos com diagnóstico de Síndrome de Down, com idade entre seis e dez anos, além de seus responsáveis legais. As crianças apresentaram interesse principalmente por estímulos sonoros, espontaneidade e prazer ao brincar. No entanto, nem todas apresentaram senso de humor, gosto por desafios e iniciativa, demonstrando uma forma de brincar mais passiva. Foi possível caracterizar alguns aspectos e interesses da criança com Síndrome de Down no brincar, oferecendo-se subsídios para que os profissionais de educação ou da saúde possam determinar focos de intervenção.

The Ludic Model is a theoretical reference for the clinical intervention, developed by the occupational therapist Francine Ferland, whose research investigates how children with physical disabilities play in the clinical setting. The aim of the study was to determine possible contributions of the model and authors in Psychology for the analysis of how children with Down Syndrome play. The study included eight children of both sexes diagnosed with Down Syndrome, with ages between six and ten years and their legal guardians. The children demonstrated interest mainly by listening to stimuli, spontaneity and pleasure to play. However, not all of them demonstrated a sense of humour or an interest in challenges and taking initiative. They displayed more passivity while playing. It was possible to characterize some aspects and interests of the child with Down Syndrome as they played, offering assistance to education or healthcare professionals so they can then determine their intervention focuses.

El modelo lúdico es un referencial teórico para la intervención clínica, desarrollado por Francine Ferland, terapeuta ocupacional, que tiene como enfoque de investigación el jugar en la práctica clínica con niños con discapacidad física. El objetivo de este trabajo fue verificar posibles contribuciones del modelo y de autores de la Psicología para el análisis del juego de niños con Síndrome de Down. El estudio incluyó a ocho niños de ambos sexos con diagnóstico de Síndrome de Down, con edades entre seis y diez años, además de sus responsables legales. Los niños presentaron interés principalmente por estímulos sonoros, espontaneidad y placer al jugar. Sin embargo, la mayoría de ellos presentaron una forma de jugar mas pasiva, donde no demostraron sentido del humor, interés por desafíos e iniciativa. Fue posible caracterizar algunos aspectos e intereses del niño con Síndrome de Down en el juego, contribuyendo para que los profesionales de la educación o de la salud puedan determinar enfoques de intervención.

Key Questions and Thoughts of Scale Development of TCM Syndrome / 中国中医药信息杂志

Targeting the key questions in the scale development process of TCM syndrome, such as the definition of the concept, the construction of the theoretical framework, the quantitative classification of the items, the rational use of the statistical methods and so on, this article put forward that on the basis of carefully distinguishing the three concepts of syndrome diagnosis, syndrome evaluation and disease diagnosis, and based on TCM dialectical thinking and mathematical validation to build theoretical framework. A scientific and reasonable quantitative classification method was established based on the reliability and validity as indexes. Non-linear intelligent mathematical statistics and symptomatic index groups were used to analyze the ideas and methods of data mining, with a purpose to improve and perfect the methodology of the development of syndromes scale and to improve the establishment and application of the syndrome scale.

Primary Study on Symmetric Quantitative Assignment Weight Determination Method in Syndrome Evaluation / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To explore the expert survey of the weight and the current common weight of the similarities and differences in the quantitative analysis of the symptoms in syndrome evaluation. Methods Through the expert questionnaire survey, the data of the questionnaire were analyzed by SPSS11.5 software. For the question of whether the weight of each symptom was the same, the frequency of the experts who gave yes and no was calculated. For the weight of the specific number of such openness, the weight given by the experts was listed firstly, and then the weight of frequency of each expert was calculated, and the frequency of the largest weight was selected as the weight of the symptoms to determine the weight of the syndrome quantification assignment in the evaluation of the efficacy of the syndrome, and to compare the obtained weight with the current weight. Results The weight of the two methods is very close in the weight of the primary symptom and the weight of secondary symptom. But as for whether the weight of the primary symptom and secondary symptom is the same, the majority of the experts think that it should be different, and the current usual practice is to give the same weight. Conclusion During the weight determination, not every primary symptom or secondary symptom is the same important. Therefore, the practice of giving the same weight to evry primary symptom and secondary symptom is questionable.