Construction of Knowledge Graph Based on Literature Data by Taking Treatment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy with Traditional Chinese Medicine as An Example / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo systematically sort out the knowledge framework and conceptual logic relationship of "disease-syndrome-treatment-prescription-medicine" in the existing literature on traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy（DPN）， to construct of the knowledge map of TCM treatment of DPN， and to promote the explicitation of the implicit knowledge in the literature on the treatment of DPN with TCM. MethodTaking the literature of China National Knowledge Infrastructure about TCM treatment of DPN as the main data source， TCM-related concepts and entities were constructed by manual citation， and the corresponding relationships between the entities were established. Structured data were formed by processing with Python 3.7， and the knowledge graph was constructed based on Neo4j 3.5.34 graph database. ResultThe resulting knowledge graph with TCM diagnosis and treatment logic， defined 12 node labels such as prescriptions， Chinese medicines and syndrome types at the schema layer， as well as 4 types of relationships， such as inclusion， correspondence， selection and composition. It could support the query and discovery of nodes（syndrome elements， syndrome types and treatment methods）， as well as the relationship between each node. ConclusionBased on the literature data， this study constructed a knowledge map for TCM treatment of DPN， which brought together various methods of TCM treatment of DPN， including internal and external treatment. The whole chain knowledge structure of syndrome differentiation and classification for DPN treatment is formed from syndrome element analysis， syndrome type composition to treatment method selection， which can provide new ideas and methods for literature data to serve clinical and scientific research work， as well as reference for visualization of TCM literature knowledge， intellectualization of TCM knowledge services and the standardization of TCM diagnosis and treatment.

Post-infectious cough of different syndromes treated by traditional Chinese medicines: A review / 中草药·英文版

The application of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) has a history of more than 2000 years, which have the characteristics of multi-component, multi-target, and high safety. Post-infectious cough (PIC) is a respiratory disease with high incidence. It belongs to subacute cough and accounts for as much as 40%–50%. Cough is the main clinical manifestation of PIC. PIC seriously affects people's life quality because of complex etiology, long-term course of disease, treatment difficulties and other characteristics. Western medicines are based on the principle of symptomatic treatment, so they are often difficult to control PIC fundamentally. These factors could due to that PIC is prolonged and unable to heal repeatedly. TCMs have obvious advantages in treating PIC, with accurate curative effects, less side effects and adverse reactions and are effective in improving PIC-related symptoms and indicators, enhancing patients' life quality and reducing pain. TCMs, guided by holistic concept and syndrome differentiation, advocate determine treatment on the basis of pattern types, and have remarkable clinical treatment effects. As for TCMs etiology, pathogenesis and syndrome types of PIC, TCM scholars have not yet reached a unified standard. However, most of them think that wind pathogen can cause PIC alone, or it can be combined with other evils, which might be the main mechanism of PIC. This paper discusses the advantages and limitations of TCMs in PIC treatment from etiology, pathogenesis, distribution of syndrome types and treatment of TCMs. This article focuses on the treatment methods and pharmacodynamic material basis of wind pathogen, providing ideas in treating PIC of TCMs clinically and innovative drug development.

Morphological differences in the hip of femoral head necrosis with different traditional Chinese medicine syndromes observed with 3D graphics: Feasibility of non-surgical hip preservation / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Some studies have found a certain relationship between the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome types and the morphological differences in femoral head necrosis. OBJECTIVE: To observe the morphological differences of hip joints of different types of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes with femoral head necrosis through 3D graphics, and to evaluate the efficacy of standardized and comprehensive non-surgical hip preservation for femoral head necrosis. METHODS: From December 2016 to February 2017, 73 femoral head necrosis patients (108 hips) treated with non-surgical hip preservation in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine were enrolled in this study. According to the syndrome type of traditional Chinese medicine, the patients were divided into the kidney deficiency and blood stasis group (47 hips), the accretion group (30 hips) and the Qi stagnation and blood stasis group (31 hips). X-ray films and CT spiral scans of both hips were taken to measure the central hip angle, Sharp angle, upper and lower acetabular diameter, anteroposterior diameter, and acetabularity depth, acetabular abduction angle, and acetabular anteversion angle. Totally 88 cases (131 hips) of femoral head necrosis treated with standardized comprehensive hip preservation from December 2016 to February 2017 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine underwent traditional Chinese medicine, physical therapy, and functional exercise. The clinical function of hips was diagnosed by visual analogue scale and Harris scores, and the necrosis in the treatment area was evaluated by X-ray films. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, approval No. Y[2019]118. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) X-ray films showed significant differences in Sharp angle and central edge angle among the three groups (P < 0.01). Among them, the sharp angle was largest; the central edge angle was smallest in the kidney deficiency and blood stasis group. The Sharp angle was smallest and the central edge angle was largest in the Qi stagnation and blood stasis group. (2) CT spiral scan showed that there was a difference in abduction angle between the three groups (P < 0.001), of which the kidney deficiency and blood stasis group was largest. Acetabularity depth was smaller in the kidney deficiency and blood stasis group than in the Qi stagnation and blood stasis group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the upper and lower acetabular diameters, anteroposterior diameters, and acetabular anteversion angles of the three groups. (3) After 2 years of comprehensive hip-sparing treatment, 88 patients had significantly improved pain and hip function. Imaging results showed an improvement of 89 hips and 21 unchanged hips, with an improvement rate of 67.9%. (4) The results showed that there was a difference in hip joint morphology between different syndrome types. The development of the acetabulum of kidney deficiency and blood stasis type was poorer than that of Qi stagnation and blood stasis type and accretion type. Standardized and comprehensive non-surgical hip-sparing treatment of femoral head necrosis in the early and middle stages can significantly improve the symptoms of patients in the short term.

Correlation analysis of serum progesterone with clinical indicators and common traditional Chinese medicine syndrome types in male type 2 diabetic patients / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the correlation of serum progesterone (PROG) level with blood biochemical parameters and common traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes in male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).@*METHODS@#We collected the clinical data of 192 male patients with T2DM, who were admitted in the Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medical Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine between January, 2018 and March, 2019. The general clinical data, C-peptide level, blood glucose level, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), HOMA, blood lipid level, and sex hormones were compared between the patients with normal PROG and elevated PROG levels and also between the patients with two common TCM syndromes, namely and deficiency syndrome and damp- heat accumulation in the spleen syndrome. We further compared the sex hormones, C-peptide level, HOMA, HbA1c, and blood glucose level among the patients with the two TCM syndromes having normal or elevated PROG levels.@*RESULTS@#Compared with those in patients with normal PROG level, BMI, C-peptide, HOMA-β, and HOMA2-IR were significantly lowered and HOMA-IS, E2, and T were significantly increased in patients with elevated PROG level; no statistical differences were found in age, disease duration, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), smoking history, blood pressure, blood glucose, blood lipids, HbA1c, LH, FSH or PRL between the two groups. Compared with the patients with damp-heat accumulation syndrome group, the patients with and deficiency syndrome were older and had a longer disease duration, a greater BMI, and higher levels of PROG, C-Peptide, HOMA-β, HOMA2-IR and HOMA-IS, but the smoking history, WHR, HbA1c, blood glucose, and sex hormone levels were comparable between the two groups. Among the 4 groups of patients with different PROG levels and TCM syndromes, significant differences were found in the levels of C-peptide, HOMA-β, HOMA-IS, HOMA2-IR, PROG, E2, T, LH and FSH, and the patients with and deficiency syndrome as well as an elevated PROG level had the lowest C-peptide level, HOMA-β and HOMA2-IR and the highest HOMA-IS, PROG, E2, T, LH and FSH.@*CONCLUSIONS@#An elevated PROG level is closely related to islet cell dysfunction and TCM syndrome types in male patients with T2DM.

Application of Laboratory Indexes in Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Differentiation of Multiple Myeloma / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To study the relationship between traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)syndrome differentiation of multiple myeloma(MM)and laboratory indexes of MM,thus to supply evidence for the syndrome differentiation of MM. Methods A total of 59 MM patients were enrolled in the study. TCM syndrome differentiation was performed. And we also collected the laboratory indexes of serum protein electrophoresis (SPE),immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE),blood urea nitrogen (BUN),creatinine (CREA),serum beta 2 microglobulin,serum calcium(Ca),hemoglobin(Hb),Bence Jones protein,flow cytometric-immunophenotyping(FCM) and bone marrow cytology. The differences of the laboratory indexes in various syndrome types of MM were analyzed. Results No significant differences were found in myeloma cell morphology, M protein content, IFE typing results, Bence Jones protein positive rate and the concentration of Ca of various syndrome types of MM (P >0.05). However,the concentrations of BUN,CREA,serum beta 2 microsglobulin,Hb,and the positive rates of CD19- and CD56+ were significantly different in various syndrome types of MM (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Moreover,Hb,BUN,CREA,and serum beta 2 microspheres were significantly correlated with each other(P<0.05 or P < 0.01). Conclusion Hb, BUN, CREA, blood beta 2 microglobulin and FCM detection can be sued for the auxiliary diagnosis of syndrome types of MM, and for preliminary demonstration of illness severity and prognosis. The results will provide the basis for the treatment of MM with traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine.

Several Key Issues on Clinical Research Direction of Traditional Chinese Medicine Kidney Disease / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Clinical research of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) kidney disease is controversial for a long time due to the unclear clinical research direction.Based on the long-term TCM clinical practice of kidney disease,we proposed that the kidney disease should be simply divided into a composite type,which was easier for the research design and statistical analysis.It also improved the actual practical ability in the clinical research.In the treatment aspect,further research should be conducted on the application of warm medicine,method of eliminating wind-dampness,method of clearing heat,detoxify and removing dampness,the role of strengthening the body resistance,as well as the combination of therapeutic principle and its application time.Related Chinese herbal medicine research is a common breakthrough point.The clinical efficacy evaluation system should be further improved.In a word,TCM clinical research should be from the clinical demand and followed by problem-oriented design.The implementation should be systematic and step by step in order to improve the research level.

Analysis on Heart Rate Variability and Its Influencing Factors of Hypertensive Patients from Different TCM Syndrome / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To investigate the syndrome type distribution of hypertensive patients; To analyze the correlation of characteristics of HRV time domain parameters and its influence factors. Methods Totally 515 cases of hypertensive patients were included and were put under syndrome type distribution. Demographic information, laboratory test parameters, risk factors and clinical symptoms were collected for correlation analysis. HRV time domain parameters were recorded by using 24 h ambulatory electrocardiogram. The differences in SDNN, SDNN Index, HRV Index, PNN50, and RMSSD of different TCM syndrome types were compared. Results Among 515 patients: 160 cases with hyperactivity of yang due to yin deficiency syndrome, 136 cases with turbid phlegm and blood stasis syndrome, 83 cases with overabundant liver-fire syndrome, 69 cases with deficiency of kidney qi, and 67 cases with abundant phlegm-dampness syndrome. By comparing different TCM syndromes, the level of SDNN was significantly reduced in the hyperactivity of yang due to yin deficiency syndrome, overabundant liver-fire syndrome,deficiency of kidney qi syndrome compared with turbid phlegm and blood stasis syndrome, abundant phlegm-dampness syndrome (P<0.05); SDNN Index and HRV Index decreased significantly in the hyperactivity of yang due to yin deficiency and overabundant liver-fire syndrome compared with abundant phlegm-dampness syndrome (P<0.05). SDNN Index decreased significantly in the deficiency of kidney qi compared with abundant phlegm-dampness syndrome (P<0.05). The level of PNN50 was significantly reduced in the deficiency of kidney qi compared with hyperactivity of yang due to yin deficiency syndrome (P<0.05). RMSSD decreased significantly in the hyperactivity of yang due to yin deficiency syndrome, deficiency of kindney qi syndrome, overabundant liver-fire syndrome compared with turbid phlegm and blood stasis syndrome (P<0.05). Discriminant analysis showed that SBP, DBP, MBPS, SDNN, SDNN Index, HRV Index, PNN50, RMSSD were correlated with the diagnosis of five syndrome types. Logistic regression analysis showed that the factors including gender (female), insomnia, elevated systolic blood pressure, MBPS, decreased SDNN Index and PNN50 were positively correlated to hyperactivity of yang due to yin deficiency; other factors including gender (female), advanced age, elevated blood pressure, decreased SDNN, HRV Index and RMSSD were positively correlated with turbid phlegm and blood stasis syndrome. And the study also showed that advanced age, family history of hypertension, elevated blood pressure, decreased SDNN Index, HRV Index and PNN50 were positively correlated to abundant phlegm-dampness syndrome. Conclusion HRV time domain parameters can be significantly reduced in the hyperactivity of yang due to yin deficiency, overabundant liver-fire syndrome, and deficiency of kidney qi syndrome. The autonomic nerve function is damaged seriously. Hyperactivity of yang due to yin deficiency syndrome, abundant phlegm-dampness syndrome turbid phlegm and blood stasis syndrome are closely related to the influencing factors that lead to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.

Mechanism of St-Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction in Different Forms and Distribution of Its Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Types / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To study the mechanism of different forms of ST-segment elevation in acute myocardial infarction(AMI),and to investigate the distribution of its traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)syndrome types.Methods Two hundred and twelve hospitalized AMI patients with ST-segment elevation from March of 2015 to July of 2017 were divided into group A and group B.Group A had 102 cases with the elevation of concavity of STsegment,and group B had 110 cases with the elevation of arch of ST-segment.The correlation of ST-segment elevation in different forms with TCM syndrome types was analyzed.Results (1) Patients of group B were usually male,young and middle-aged,with or without short-term medical history of coronary heart disease,and coronary angiography results indicated the stenosis or occlusion of the vessels without collateral circulation.Patients in group A were usually female,aged,with medical history of coronary heart disease,and coronary angiography results indicated the existence of collateral circulation.(2) Group A was dominated by Qi-deficiency and blood-stasis syndrome,and the frequency of its syndrome types was in decreasing sequence:Qi-deficiency and blood-stasis syndrome,Qi-yin deficiency syndrome,heat-toxicity and blood-stasis syndrome,phlegm blended with bloodstasis syndrome,syndrome of cold stagnation in heart vessels.Group B was dominated by heat-toxicity and bloodstasis syndrome,and the frequency of its syndrome types was in decreasing sequence:heat-toxicity and bloodstasis syndrome,Qi-deficiency and blood-stasis syndrome,Qi-yin deficiency syndrome,syndrome of cold stagnation in heart vessels,phlegm blended with blood-stasis syndrome.The difference of the distribution of syndrome types was significant between the two groups (P ＜ 0.01).(3) In respect of the differentiation of deficiency and excess syndromes,group A was dominated by deficiency interweaved with excess syndrome,while group B was dominated by excess syndrome.The difference of the distribution of deficiency and excess syndrome was significant between the two groups (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion AMI patients with different forms of ST-segment elevation have different TCM syndrome types.The investigation results will provide a new vision for the clinical trial of AMI treated with Chinese medicine integrated with western medicine,and will supply evidence for the syndrome differentiation and treatment of AMI patients with different forms of ST-segment elevation,which will contribute to enhancing clinical efficacy,saving life and improving prognosis.

Correlation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Types of Hypertension with Carotid Artery Intima-media Thickness and Plasma Lp-PLA2 Expression / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To explore the correlation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome types of hypertension with carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and plasma lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2),so as to provide a TCM therapy for early prevention and treatment of hypertension and its complications in clinic.Methods We collected a total of 170 cases of hypertension patients,55 with kidney-essence insufficiency syndrome,50 with ascendant hyperactivity of liver yang syndrome,and 65 with phlegm-damp retention in middle energizer syndrome.IMT was measured by the carotid Doppler ultrasound,and plasma Lp-PLA2 expression was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.And then the differences of IMT and Lp-PLA2 expression among the three groups were compared and analyzed.Results There were significant differences of carotid artery IMT and Lp-PLA2 among the three groups(P＜ 0.01),and the number of patients with carotid atherosclerosis and the expression level of Lp-PLA2 in the group of phlegm-damp retention in middle energizer syndrome were higher than those intheothertwogroups(P＜0.01).Conclusion Differentiation treatment based on phlegm may be more conducive to the prevention and treatment of hypertension and its complications.

Correlation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Types of Chronic Gastritis with Helicobacter pylori Eradication Rate / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To investigate the correlation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome types of chronic gastritis with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) eradication rate after anti-Hp treatment. Methods A total of 180 chronic gastritis patients with Hp infection were differentiated into spleen-stomach insufficiency syndrome, spleen-stomach dampness-heat syndrome, and liver depression and qi stagnation syndrome, and each syndrome group had 60 cases. Patients in each group were evenly divided into two subtypes, and were treated with triple therapy or quadruple therapy for 10 days respectively. After treatment, the Hp eradication rate in each group was compared. Results (1) The overall Hp eradication rate was 78.3%. No matter after triple therapy or quadruple therapy, patients with spleen-stomach insufficiency syndrome had the lowest Hp eradication rate (61.7%), which was lower than that of the patients with spleen-stomach damp-heat syndrome (88.3%) and the patients with liver depression and qi stagnation syndrome (85.0%), the difference being statistical significance (P 0.05). (2) A total of 10 cases had adverse reaction such as nausea and vomiting, stomachache, and gastric distention, 8 cases from spleen-stomach insufficiency group, one from spleen-stomach dampness-heat group, and one from liver depression and qi stagnation group. Spleen-stomach insufficiency group had higher incidence of adverse reaction than the other two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion The Hp eradication rate after anti-Hp treatment varied in chronic gastritis patients with different TCM syndrome types, and the rate in patients with spleen-stomach insufficiency syndrome was lower than that of the patients with spleen-stomach damp-heat syndrome and the patients with liver depression and qi stagnation syndrome no matter after triple therapy or quadruple therapy.

Correlation between syndrome types of primary hepatic carcinoma and coagulation function / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To explore the association between syndrome types of primary hepatic carcinoma(PHC) and coagulation function.Methods From Jan.2015 to May.2016,a total of 176 cases of PHC patients were enrolled to analyze the correlation between syndrome types and coagulation function.Results The liver stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome(34.66%) was the most common syndrome in all patients,followed by wet and heat resistance syndrome(22.73%) and qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome(17.05%).Prothrombin time(PT),activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT),thrombin time(TT) and D-dimer(D-D) levels of patients were significantly increased,with significant differences between liver stagnation and spleen deficiency group and wet and heat resistance syndrome group,liver and kidney Yin deficiency syndrome group(P0.05).Conclusion Coagulation function in PHC patients with spleen and kidney Yang deficiency syndrome,wet and heat resistance syndrome and liver and kidney Yin deficiency syndrome could be poor,but that in patients with qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome and liver stagnation and spleen deficiency could be relatively good.Increasing of PT,APTT,TT and D-D could be with certain significance to identify liver stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome with other syndrome types.

Analysis and discussion on the relationship between negative chronic diarrhea and terminal ileum pathological lesions by colonoscopy / 中国医学装备

Objective:To study the relationship between TCM syndrome type of chronic diarrhea, chronic diarrhea and negative colonoscopy terminal ileum lesions by colonoscopy.Methods:104 cases in our hospital underwent colonoscopy patients (each patients colonoscopy pushed to the terminal ileum is more than or equal to 20 cm) were divided into control group and observation group by examination results, each with 52 cases. The patients in the control group had no chronic diarrhea and the observation group had negative chronic diarrhea. The observation group was given the lines of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation typing, and chronic diarrhea associated with ileum end lesions were given death drop spirit combined micro ecological preparation, and then review the lesions after 15 days.Results: In the observation group, 1 case was TCM sub type of damp heat in spleen and stomach (1.92%), 2 cases were spleen deficient deficiency (3.84%), 3 cases were liver stagnation (5.77%), 4 cases were deficiency of spleen and liver (7.69%), 8 cases were cold-dampness disturbing spleen (15.38%), 9 patients were liver stagnation and spleen deficiency (17.31%), 11 cases were spleen and kidney deficiency (21.15%), and 14 cases were spleen wet trapped (26.92%). There were 37 cases (71.15%) in the observation group of patients with ileal mucosal edema, congestion, erosion and ulceration and 12 cases in the control group (23.08%). The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (x2=24.12,P<0.05). There were 38 cases in the observation group and 7 cases in the control group with ileal follicular hyperplasia. There were 18 cases were mid hyperplasia in the observation group and 8 cases in the control group. The differences were significant(x2=37.64,x2=21.31;P<0.050). The size of patients with hyperplasia was 4.5mm in the observation group and 1.2mm in the control group. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (Z=13.05,P<0.05). 46 cases of chronic diarrhea symptoms disappeared after treatment and 26 cases of colonoscopy terminal ileum lesions were improved. The differences before and after treatment were statistically significant (70.27%).Conclusion: Patients with chronic diarrhea syndrome are found lesions in terminal ileum. The symptom would disappear or be greatly improved after medicine treatment. It can be promoted as a reference standard of clinical medication.

Characteristics of the Body Constitution and Syndrome Type of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in Primary Sj(o)gren's Syndrome (pSS) / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study aimed at exploring the features of the body constitution and syndrome types of TCM in patients with pSS.General information of 60 patients with pSS was collected.Their TCM syndrome types and TCM body constitution types were examed,while the distribution of pSS syndrome types in terms of their body constitution was analyzed.Among 60 pSS patients,58 of them (96.67％) were female with the average age of 52 years and an average course of 63 months.Their usual residence was Xinjiang.Their most common first symptoms included thirst,dry eyes and joint pain,and the damage of skin and mucous membranes and blood system was rare.It was found that the syndrome of both qi and yin deficiency was the most common (48.33％),followed by the impregnation syndrome of heat and dampness (26.67％) and the syndrome of the weakness of spleen qi (25％) in pSS patients.Yin deficiency (58.33％) and yang deficiency (58.33％) in the body constitution of TCM accounted for decent proportions,followed by the constitutions of qi stagnation (48.33％),qi deficiency (45.00％),blood stasis (38.33％),phlegm-dampness (36.67％),damp-heat (18.33％),allergic (13.33％) and yin-yang harmony (1.67％).Those without the health education of pSS accounted for 51.11％ in cases of palindromia.In conclusion,yin deficiency and yang deficiency constitutions were most common,at most,the body constitution of both qi and yin deficiency,in pSS patients in accordance with TCM body constitution.Most pSS patients of palindromia didn't received professional health education of pSS.All the causes above suggested that we should make individualized treatment programs according to clinical syndrome types and the characteristics of TCM body constitution in pSS patients for strengthening the health management of pSS and improving their quality of life.

Relationship of Traditional Chinese Medical Syndromes of Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy with Inflammatory Factors / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To explore the relationship between traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndrome types of diabetic nephropathy(DN) patients and inflammatory factors, thus to supply evidence for syndrome differentiation, clinical treatment, illness evaluation and prognosis of DN patients. Methods The study was carried out in 120 cases of DN patients, and the patients were differentiated into TCM syndromes according to the clinical manifestations. Blood and urine samples were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The correlation of syndrome types with blood and urine tumour necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and IL-10 was analyzed, and the detection results were compared to 30 healthy volunteers. Results (1) Compared with the healthy control, abnormal blood and urine TWEAK content and abnormal blood IL-1β were shown in DN patients at the stages of non-albuminuria, small-amount albuminuria, large-amount albuminuria, and renal insufficiency(P<0.05); blood IL-10 content was increased in DN patients without albuminuria(P<0.05).(2) DN patients with yin-deficiency and dryness-heat had higher blood and urine TWEAK contents than DN patients with other syndrome types (P<0.05). The blood TWEAK content was in decreasing sequence in the syndrome types of yin-deficiency and dryness-heat, Qi-yin deficiency, spleen-kidney Qi deficiency, yin-yang deficiency; the urine TWEAK content was in decreasing sequence in the syndrome types of yin-deficiency and dryness-heat, Qi-yin deficiency, spleen-kidney Qi deficiency, yin-yang deficiency(P<0.05). DN patients with damp-heat syndrome had the highest blood IL-1βcontent (P < 0.05), and yin-deficiency and dryness-heat had the lowest IL-1β content (P < 0.05). DN patients with yin-deficiency and dryness-heat had higher blood IL-10 content (P<0.05), and the blood IL-10 content was in decreasing sequence in the syndrome types of yin-deficiency and dryness-heat, Qi-yin deficiency, spleen-kidney Qi deficiency, yin-yang deficiency. Conclusion TCM syndrome types of DN patients are correlated with TWEAK, IL-1β and IL-10, and the results will supply evidence for syndrome differentiation, clinical treatment, illness evaluation and prognosis of DN patients .

Correlation of left ventricular ejection fraction as well as serum levels of NT-proBNP, Hcy and D-D with different traditional Chinese medicine syndrome types of chronic heart failure / 天津医药

Objective To investigate the correlation of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) as well as serum levels of NT-proBNP, Hcy and D-Dimer (D-D) with different traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome types of chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods A total of 178 CHF patients were divided into heart function normal ejection fracture group (HF?NEF, n=86) and heart function reduction (HFREF, n=92) according to their LVEF performance. Another 35 cases with nor?mal cardiac function were included in control group. All CHF patients was also divided into 3 TCM syndrome types:both de?ficiency of Qi and Yin syndrome group(n=64),Qi asthenia causing blood stasis syndrome group(n=59) andYang defi?ciency water stop group (n=55). All patients were examined with cardiac color doppler and LVEF values were recorded. And serum NT-proBNP、Hcyand D-D levels were all quantified. Results As to serum levels of NT-proBNP, Hcy and D-D, they were higher in HFREF group than those in HFNEF group than those in control group. On the other hand, LVEF was lowest in HFREF group but highest in control group. All differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Among patient in HFNEF group, LVEF in theYang deficiency water stop groupwas lower than that inboth deficiency of Qi and Yin syn?drome group(P<0.05). Serum levels of NT-proBNP, Hcy, and D-D were not significantly different between different TCM syndrome groups. By contrast, among patients in HFREF group, LVEF values did not differ significantly between different TCM syndrome groups. Serum level of NT-proBNP was lower inboth deficiency of Qi and Yin syndrome groupthan that inQi asthenia causing blood stasis syndrome group than that in Yang deficiency water stop group. As to serum levels of Hcy and D-D, they are higher inYang deficiency water stop groupthat those inboth deficiency of Qi and Yin syndrome group and Qi asthenia causing blood stasis syndrome group(P<0.05). Conclusion Patients with different TCM syn?drome types of CHF present different levels of serum NT-proBNP, Hcy, D-D level and LVEF. Changes of indicators in HFREF groups are more obvious than they did in HFNEF group.

A clinical observation on correlations between glycosylated hemoglobin level and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiations in young and middle-aged type 2 diabetic patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

Objective To investigate traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome differentiations and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in the young and middle-aged type 2 diabetic patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HF-PEF), and to evaluate the correlations between them.Methods 235 out- and hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes from Department of Cardiology of Affiliated Fuzhou Second Hospital of Xiamen University were enrolled. They were divided into HF-PEF group (120 cases) and non-HF-PEF (HF-NPEF) group (115 cases) according to the diastolic function results of echocardiography. In the HF-PEF group, according to the TCM differentiation of syndromes, the patients were subdivided into four types: heart Qi and Yin deficiency, Yang deficiency of heart and kidney, Qi deficiency and blood stasis and edema syndrome due to Yang deficiency syndromes. The HbA1c levels of different TCM syndromes in HF-PEF and HF-NPEF groups were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The patients of HF-PEF were further divided into two groups according to serum HbA1c levels > 7.0% or ≤ 7.0%, and the relationships between different serum HbA1c levels and different severity of TCM syndrome types of patients with HF-PEF were compared.Results The level of serum HbA1c in HF-PEF group was significantly higher than that in HF-NPEF group in patients with type 2 diabetes [(7.02±0.74)% vs. (6.79±0.91)%,P 0.05], while the HbA1c levels of Qi deficiency and blood stasis and edema syndrome due to Yang deficiency syndromes were significantly higher than those of heart Qi and Yin deficiency and Yang deficiency of heart and kidney types [(7.15±0.70)%, (7.55±0.62)% vs. (6.70±0.66)%, (6.70±0.68)%], and the HbA1c levels of edema syndrome due to Yang Deficiency was obviously higher than that of Qi deficiency and blood stasis (P 7.0%, the incidence rate of Qi deficiency and blood stasis and edema syndrome due to Yang Deficiency types was higher than that of the group of HbA1c ≤ 7.0% [61.97% (44/71) vs. 38.78% (19/49),P 7.0% (r = 0.683,P < 0.05).Conclusion Clinically using serum HbA1c level to assess the prognosis of HF-PEF has obtained consistent results, and the level is positively correlated to the development of TCM syndrome types in young and middle-aged HF-PEF patients with type 2 diabetes.

Analysis on Correlation Between TCM Syndrome Types and Cardiovascular Prognosis Risk Factors of Elderly Hypertensive Patients / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To observe the regularities of distribution of TCM syndrome types and correlation between TCM syndrome types and cardiovascular prognosis risk factors of elderly hypertensive patients in three different urban and rural communities.Methods Totally 299 elderly hypertensive patients who conformed to the hypertensive diagnostic criteria from 896 respondents which participated in the health monitoring questionnaire drafted by health management team of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences were screened. The syndrome types were differentiated according to Guiding Principle of Clinical Research on New Drugs of Traditional Chinese Medicine (for Trial Implementation). The levels of some risk indicators, such as blood glucose, blood lipid, CREA, ET, Hcy and mALB were measured by radioimmunoassay, enzymatic cycling assay and other methods. Age, gender, BMI and pulse pressure were recorded.Results The TCM syndrome types of 299 elderly hypertensive patients were deficiency of yin and yang type (74 cases), hyperactivity of yang due to yin deficiency type (65 cases), blood stasis syndrome type (62 cases), stagnation of phlegm-dampness type (61 cases), hyperactivity of liver-fire type (37 cases). Single factor analysis showed that there existed statistical significance among BMI, FBG, GHbA1c, CREA, TC, LDL-C, ET, Hcy and mALB in the 5 TCM syndromes (P<0.05,P<0.01), and the statistical significance was more apparent in the stagnation of phlegm-dampness type, blood stasis syndrome type and hyperactivity of yang due to yin deficiency type. Discriminant analysis showed BMI and Hcy have certain reference value for the diagnosis of TCM syndrome types in elderly hypertensive patients. Binary-Logistic regression analysis showed that the course of disease had a positive correlation with syndrome of deficiency of yin and yang.Conclusion Compared with other types of elderly hepertensive patients, stagnation of phlegm-dampness type and blood stasis syndrome type are more closely related to hypertension cardiovascular prognosis risk factors.

Relationship Between Mitochondrial DNA Related Factors and Traditional Chinese Medical Syndrome Types in Primary Osteoporosis Patients / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To investigate the biological characteristics of primary osteoporosis syndrome types from the perspective of mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA) , thus to reveal the nature of osteoporosis and its traditional Chinese medical syndrome types. Methods A total of 210 osteoporosis women patients meeting the diagnostic criteria, inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria were collected from July of 2011 to October of 2013. The osteoporosis patients were differentiated into the syndrome types of yin deficiency of liver and kidney ( N=67) , yang deficiency of spleen and kidney ( N=70) and qi stagnation and blood stasis ( N=73) . And a total of 69 age-matched post-menopause non-osteoporosis patients were chosen as the control group, which were classified into the syndrome of harmony of Qi and blood. The peripheral blood was sampled for detecting mtDNA copy number with fluorescent quantitatitation PCR and for examining 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine ( 8-OHdG) content by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) . Statistical methods was used to analyze the correlation of bone mineral density (BMD) with mtDNA copy number and 8-OHdG content in different groups. Results The difference of mtDNA copy number was significant between the osteoporosis patients and non-osteoporosis patients (P<0.05), and was also significant among the three syndrome types of osteoporosis patients (P<0.05) . And 8-OHdG content showed the same features between the osteoporosis patients and non-osteoporosis patients (P<0.05) and among the three syndrome types of osteoporosis patients (P<0.05) . The correlation analysis results showed that mtDNA copy number was positively correlated with BMD, while 8-OHdG was negatively correlated with BMD in each group. Conclusion The mtDNA copy number and 8-OHdG content are correlated with the syndrome types of primary osteoporosis patients, and close correlation is shown between spleen-kidney yang deficiency and 8-OHdG, and between liver-kidney yin deficiency and mtDNA copy number.

Correlation of Traditional Chinese Medical Syndrome Patterns of Reflux Esophagitis with Esophagus Mucosal Performance Under Gastroscope and Gastrointestinal Hormones / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To explore the correlation of modern medical examination indexes with the traditional Chinese medical syndrome types of reflux esophagitis ( RE) , thus to supply evidence for the standardization of syndrome differentiation. Methods Seventy-six RE patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled into the study. And then we investigated the correlation of traditional Chinese medical syndrome types with endoscopicmucosal performance grading, plasma Ghrelin content, esophageal mucosal substance P ( SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) . Results (1) Syndrome patterns of RE showed certain correlation with the endoscopic mucosal performance (P<0.01) . Endoscopic mucosal performance grade 0-Ⅲ corresponded to the syndromes of gallbladder heat attaching stomach, liver-stomach disharmony/phlegm-qi blocking middle energizer, hepatogastric stagnant heat, middle energizer deficiency with reversed flow of qi, respectively. ( 2) The plasma Ghrelin content of RE patients with syndrome of phlegm-qi blocking middle energizer was lower than that of the patients with other syndrome patterns, and the difference was significant compared with the syndromes of hepatogastric sta gnant heat, liver-stomach disharmony, and gallbladder heat attaching stomach ( P<0.05 or P<0.01) . ( 3 ) The expression level of SP in the esophageal mucosa was the highest in the syndrome of hepatogastric stagnant heat, and was the lowest in the syndrome of phlegm-qi blocking middle energizer; expression level of VIP in the esophageal mucosa was the highest in the syndrome of middle energizer deficiency with reversed flow of qi, and was the lowest in the syndrome of hepatogastric stagnant heat ( P<0.05 or P<0.01) . Conclusion Traditional Chinese medical syndrome types of RE have correlation with endoscopic mucosal performance and immunohistochemical detection results for gastrointestinal hormones, which will be beneficial to the estimation of the development and severity of RE.

Investigation of Syndrome Types of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Senile Hypertension Patients：An Analysis of 495 Cases / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To investigate the syndrome types of traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM) in senile hypertension patients by cluster analysis. Methods Case report sheet for senile hypertension was formed, and then the general data and TCM syndrome information of 495 cases of senile hypertension were recorded. The frequency of syndrome information of the enrolled cases was analyzed, and then the syndrome types were classified by cluster analysis. Results The symptoms with high frequency in senile hypertension patients were dizziness ( 75.9%) , insomnia ( 33.1%) , chest distress ( 29.9%) , poor appetite ( 23.2%) , headache (22.4%), slippery pulse (54.9%), greasy fur (51.7%), stringy pulse (49.7%), and white fur (47.8%) . The main syndrome patterns of 495 cases of senile hypertension were upward hyperactivity of liver yang (23.8%), Qi deficiency and phlegm turbidity (21%), kidney qi deficiency (19.8%), phlegm blended with blood stasis (18.4%), and phlegm heat (17.0%) . Conclusion Senile hypertension patients are dominated with the syndrome types of upward hyperactivity of liver yang, Qi deficiency and kidney deficiency, and are usually complicated with phlegm turbidity, phlegm heat and blood stasis. The complicated syndromes of phlegm turbidity and blood stasis are commonly-seen. The results of cluster analysis are expected to supply evidence for the syndrome differentiation of senile hypertension.