Labeling of medications in anesthesia: colors and letters that save lives

Medication errors are the cause of severe lesions and complications, particularly with regards to injectable medications. During anesthesia, several drugs are administered simultaneously and quite easily the wrong medication may be administered, leading to morbidity and mortality. Different strategies have been devised to reduce error, including the use of color and letters to facilitate the identification of the various medications and improving safety in anesthesia.

Los errores asociados a la administración de medicamentos son una causa de graves lesiones y complicaciones sobre todo con los medicamentos inyectables. En un acto anestésico se administran distintos medicamentos y de manera simultánea, en el que fácilmente se puede administrar un medicamento errado causando morbilidad y mortalidad. Se han establecido diferentes estrategias para disminuir el error, entre estas el uso de colores y letras para facilitar su identificación y mejorar la seguridad en anestesia.

Application of syringe needle guided transabdominal double-J tube placement in total laparoscopic ileal neobladder surgery / 现代泌尿外科杂志

【Objective】 To explore the application of 1.2 mm×35 mm thin walled, long oblique angle syringe needle guided double-J tube insertion through abdominal wall in total laparoscopic ileal neobladder surgery. 【Methods】 Clinical data of 5 patients undergoing total laparoscopic ileal neobladder surgery in our hospital during Dec.2020 and Jan.2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Under laparoscopy and direct vision, 3 cm above pubic symphysis was taken as the puncture point, and an syringe needle was inserted to establish a channel. After that, a double-J tube was inserted under the guidance of the guide wire through the needle. 【Results】 The double-J tube was successfully implanted in all 5 patients. The time needed was 2-4 min, with an average of 3 min. 【Conclusion】 Under the guidance of a 1.2 mm×35 mm syringe needle, the placement of a double-J tube through the abdominal wall in total laparoscopic ileal neobladder surgery is safe, effective, simple and accurate. It can not only preserve the original operation channel without destroying the pneumoperitoneum, but also shorten the operation time. It is a new auxiliary means in total laparoscopic ileal neobladder surgery.

The penetration effect of ultrasound and Er:YAG laser irrigation activation techniques on dentine of infected human root canals / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#This ex vivo study evaluated the effect of ultrasound and Er:YAG laser irrigation activation techniques on the penetration of sodium hypochlorite solution into infected human root canal dentin, providing a reference for clinical infection control of infected root canals.@*Methods @#Thirty-six cases of infected root canals were collected and randomly divided into three groups according to the irrigation technique: 12 cases in the conventional syringe irrigation (CSI) group, 12 cases in the passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) group, 12 cases in the Er:YAG laser and photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) group and 36 cases of clean root canals (12 cases in the CSI group, 12 cases in the PUI group, 12 cases in the PIPS group). All of the selected root canals were straight root canals of posterior teeth. After standardizing the root length, all canals were subjected to instrumentation and dynamic irrigation. 2% methylene blue solution was used to visualize the penetration of the irrigant. EXAKT cutting and grinding equipment was used to take transverse sections of 100-150 μm at the coronal, middle and apical thirds of the root canals. The data (maximum penetration depth, average penetration depth, and penetration percentage) were observed under a light microscope to evaluate the effect of dye penetration. @*Results @# With the three irrigation techniques, the maximum penetration depth, average penetration depth and penetration percentage of the infected root canals were significantly lower than those of clean root canals in the full length of the root canal (P<0.05). The penetration percentage, average penetration depth and maximum penetration depth of the PIPS group were significantly higher than those of the CSI group in the coronal, middle and apical thirds of the infected root canal, respectively (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the maximum penetration depth, average penetration depth or penetration percentage between the PUI and CSI groups (P>0.05). There was also no significant difference in the maximum penetration depth, average penetration depth or penetration percentage between the PIPS and PUI groups (P>0.05). @*Conclusion @# The dentine permeability of infected root canals was weaker than that of clean root canals. Er:YAG laser-assisted irrigation activation technology could significantly improve the penetration of sodium hypochlorite solution into infected dentin, but passive ultrasonic irrigation did not significantly improve the penetration.

Factors associated with smoking and transitioning to nyaope injection amongst women in the City of Tshwane Municipality: A self-report by women

Background: Substance use disorder has emerged as a key health and social challenge in South Africa (SA). It is projected that about 15% of South African youth, especially young women are prone to engage in drug use and the prospects of coming into contact with nyaope, a highly addictive drug, are higher. Nyaope is mainly smoked, but the prevalence of injecting it is increasing in most regions. Aim: This study aimed to explore and describe the perception of women, who use nyaope, about the factors contributing to nyaope smoking and transitioning to injecting nyaope amongst women in the City of Tshwane Municipality (CoT), Gauteng. Setting: The research was conducted within Community Oriented Substance Use Programme sites across the CoT Municipality. Methods: Qualitative research methods were utilised to explore and describe the perceptions of the participants on factors contributing to the use of nyaope amongst women residing in the CoT. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews and thematically analysed. Results: Intimate partner influence (IPI), peer pressure, being misled by friends, weight loss, lack of effective coping mechanisms and counteracting other drugs contributed to women smoking nyaope. Additionally, a need for an intense high, IPI, influence by the social network, curiosity and cost-effectiveness contributed to women transitioning from smoking to injecting nyaope. Conclusion: The study has established factors contributing to smoking and transition to injecting nyaope as viewed by women residing in the CoT.

Effective extraction of fluoroquinolones from water using facile modified plant fibers / 药物分析学报

In this study,ecofriendly and economic carboxy-terminated plant fibers(PFs)were used as adsorbents for the effective in-syringe solid phase extraction(IS-SPE)of fluoroquinolone(FQ)residues from water.Based on the thermal esterification and etherification reaction of cellulose hydroxy with citric acid(CA)and sodium chloroacetate in aqueous solutions,carboxy groups grafted onto cotton,cattail,and corncob fibers were fabricated.Compared with carboxy-terminated corncob and cotton,CA-modified cattail with more carboxy groups showed excellent adsorption capacity for FQs.The modified cattail fibers were reproducible and reusable with relative standard deviations of 3.2％-4.2％within 10 cycles of adsorption-desorption.A good extraction efficiency of 71.3％-80.9％was achieved after optimizing the extraction condition.Based on carboxylated cattail,IS-SPE coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector was conducted to analyze FQs in environmental water samples.High sensitivity with limit of detections of 0.08-0.25 μg/L and good accuracy with recoveries of 83.8％—111.7％were obtained.Overall,the simple and environment-friendly modified waste PFs have potential appli-cations in the effective extraction and detection of FQs in natural waters.

Accidental ingestion of a three-way (air-water-spray) syringe tip during dental procedure recovered by gastroscopy: casereport / Ingestión accidental de la punta de una jeringa de tres vías (aire-agua-rociador) durante procedimiento recuperado por gastroscopia: reporte de caso

Abstract The ingestion or aspiration of dental material or instruments is one of the most feared complications in clinical dental practice, it can occur in both children and adults. The mouth is a moist, dark, small area; where the involuntary movements of the patient during the procedures and the small dimensions of the materials and instruments turn dental care into a challenge. A swallowed or aspirated foreign body during dental treatment can result in serious complications and even death, these depend largely on the shape, size and anatomical pathway through which it passes. This article describes an uncommon complication of which there is only one report in the literature worldwide, the ingestion of the tip of a triple syringe during a routine dental procedure that was recovered by esophagogastroduodenoscopy. It also highlights the importance of knowing the protocols for handling aspirated or swallowed foreign bodies where a fast and adequate approach during the first minutes can make the difference between life and death.

In vitro study of different methods in the removal of calcium hydroxide from root canals / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To compare the efficacy of different methods in the removal of calcium hydroxide from root canals and to provide a reference for clinical treatment. @*Methods@# A total of 160 extracted single-rooted mandibular premolars were instrumented up to ProTaper Universal F4. The roots were split longitudinally, and standardized groove and depression models were prepared and filled with calcium hydroxide. The samples were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=40) according to different irrigation methods: syringe needle irrigation, passive ultrasonic irrigation, XP-endo finisher (XPF) irrigation, and M3-Max irrigation. Each group was then divided into 2 subgroups (n=20) according to the irrigation protocol: NaOCl and NaOCl+EDTA. Photos of grooves and depressions were taken under a microscope after irrigation, and the residual calcium hydroxide was scored to compare the removal effects of different irritation methods and solutions.@*Results@#In the groove and depression model, when sodium hypochlorite is used as the irrigation fluid, ultrasound irrigation, XPF and M3-Max are better than syringe needle irrigation in removing calcium hydroxide (P < 0.05); when sodium hypochlorite combined with EDTA flushing, the effect of removing calcium hydroxide with ultrasound irrigation, XPF and M3-Max is better than that of syringe needle irrigation (P < 0.05); but there is no statistically significant difference between ultrasound, XPF and M3-Max (P > 0.05); when compared with the use of sodium hypochlorite, the combined use of EDTA irrigation could enhance the effect of ultrasonic irrigation, XPF and M3 Max on the removal of calcium hydroxide (P < 0.05), but there was no significant improvement in the syringe needle irrigation group (P > 0.05). @*Conclusion @#Sodium hypochlorite combined with EDTA can enhance the effect of ultrasonic irrigation, XPF and M3 Max on the removal of calcium hydroxide, and there is no significant difference among these approaches, which are more effective than syringe needle irrigation.

Effect of gold micro needle radiofrequency combined with syringe needle subsicion therapy on scar release operation / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective:To explore the efficacy of gold micro needle radiofrequency combined with syringe needle subsicion therapy in the treatment of facial acne scars.Methods:A total of 58 patients with facial depression acne scars admitted to our hospital from May 2018 to May 2020 were selected as subjects. There were 28 cases in the control group and the rest was the experimental group. The control group was treated with gold micro needle radiofrequency, and the experimental group was given a small syringe needle on the basis of the control group. After the treatment, the treatment effect and delayed construction period were observed.Results:According to the results of two independent samples Wilcoxon rank sum test, the treatment results of the two groups were different ( Z=2.742 and P=0.006). The effect of experimental group (mean rank 34.74) was better than that of control group (mean rank 23.88). According to =0.05 level, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of missed work time after three treatments. There was no significantly difference between the two groups. Conclusions:Gold micro needle radiofrequency combined with syringe needle subsicion therapy for the treatment of facial acne scar has a satisfactory effect, and it is worthy of clinical promotion.

Observation of the effect of postural modified Valsalva manoeuvre in terminating paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia / 中国基层医药

Objective@#To observe the efficacy and safety of postural modified Valsalval manoeuvre in terminating paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT).@*Methods@#From January 2017 to June 2018, a total of 98 patients with PSVT were selected in the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University.They were randomly allocated to standard Valsalval manoeuvre group(48 cases) and postural modified Valsalval manoeuvre group(50 cases) according to sealed envelope method.The patients in standard Valsalval manoeuvre group carried out standard semi-recumbent Valsalva manoeuvre, while the other group received semi-recumbent with supine repositioning and passive leg raise immediately after the Valsalva strain.The general clinical data, total cardioversion success rate, first-time cardioversion success rate and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.@*Results@#There were no statistically significant differences in male proportion, age, history of PSVT or coronary heart disease, incidence of hypertension, diabetes and heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure at attack between the two groups(all P>0.05). The total cardioversion success rate [40.0%(20/50)], first-time cardioversion success rate [28.0%(14/50)] in the modified group were significantly higher than those in the standard group [16.7%(8/48), 12.5%(6/48)](χ2=27.924, 16.308, all P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions was low in both two groups, and there was no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#Postural modified Valsalval manoeuvre can effectively improve the cardioversion success rate of PSVT, and has high safety, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Syringe sharing among people who inject drugs in Tijuana: before and after the Global Fund / Uso compartido de jeringas entre las personas que se inyectan drogas en Tijuana: antes y después del Fondo Mundial

Abstract Introduction Needle and syringe programs (NSP) reduce syringe sharing and HIV transmission among people who inject drugs (PWID). However, their effectiveness relies on sufficient individual and population level coverage. In Tijuana, Mexico, the Global Fund (GF) supported NSP during 10/2011-12/2013, but withdrew funds at the end of 2013 following Mexico's re-classification as an upper-middle income country. Objective We tested the hypothesis of higher NSP access and lower receptive syringe sharing among PWID in Tijuana during the GF support period compared to pre-GF initiation and post-GF withdrawal. Method We used data from an ongoing cohort study of PWID in Tijuana (03/2011-10/2015) to implement a segmented regression analysis investigating changes in the self-reported probability of NSP access, reported difficulty in finding sterile syringes and receptive syringe sharing before GF initiation and after GF discontinuation. Results We found a large significant increase in the probability of NSP access (+.07) and decrease in receptive syringe sharing (-.23) right after GF initiation, which continued over the GF period. Subsequently, we found a significant decline in NSP access (-.05) and an increase in receptive syringe sharing (+.02) right after post-GF withdrawal, which continued thereafter. Discussion and conclusion We demonstrated significant temporal changes in NSP access and receptive syringe sharing among PWID in Tijuana after GF initiation and withdrawal consistent with our hypothesis. Coordinated efforts with local authorities are needed to sustain major coverage NSP in settings receiving GF or external aid to guarantee continuity of harm reduction services and prevent reinside in risk behaviors associated with HIV transmission.

Resumen Antecedentes Los programas de intercambio de jeringas (PIJ) reducen la transmisión del VIH entre las personas que se inyectan drogas (PID). Sin embargo, su efectividad depende de una cobertura suficiente a nivel individual y poblacional. En Tijuana, México, el Fondo Mundial (FM) apoyó los PIJ durante 10/2011-12/2013, pero retiró los fondos a fines de 2013. Objetivo Probamos la hipótesis de un mayor acceso a los PIJ y un menor uso receptivo de jeringas compartidas entre las PID en Tijuana durante el período de financiamiento del FM en comparación con el periodo anterior y posterior al FM. Método Usando datos de un estudio de cohorte de PID en Tijuana (03/2011-10/2015), implementamos un análisis de regresión segmentado para investigar cambios en la probabilidad de acceso a las PIJ, la dificultad para encontrar jeringas estériles y el uso receptivo de jeringas compartidas sobre los periodos pre-, durante y post-FM. Resultados Identificamos un aumento en la probabilidad de acceso a PIJ (+.07) y una disminución en el uso de jeringas compartidas (-.23) justo después del inicio del FM, ambos significativos, que se sostuvieron durante el período del FM. Después del retiro del FM, identificamos una disminución en el acceso a PIJ (-.05) y un aumento en el uso de jeringas compartidas (+.02), ambos también significativos. Discusión y conclusión Esfuerzos coordinados con las autoridades locales son necesarios para garantizar una mayor cobertura de los programas de reducción del daño, independientemente de financiamientos externos, para prevenir reincidir en las conductas de riesgo para el VIH en PID.

Knowledge and Practice of Post Exposure Prophylaxis among BDS Interns

Dental students face various threats during the time of their clinical training and learning, one of those is the possibility to be exposed to blood-borne infections, with the associated risk of HIV. According to UNAIDS, presently there are approximately 36.9 million people living with HIV/AIDS across the globe. The types of exposure which may pose risk to the dentist of acquiring blood-borne pathogens may be; percutaneous injury (e.g., Injury with needle-stick or with a sharp instrument), contact with the mucous membranes of the mouth or eye, contact with non-intact skin (e.g. chapped or abraded skin, or dermatitis affected skin). Methods: This was a cross sectional analytical study, conducted among Interns of various dental colleges of Lucknow, U.P. The study population of only 275 BDS interns voluntarily completed the questionnaire. A self-administrated questionnaire consisting of 14 close-ended items was used for data collection. The interns were given the questionnaire at the time of their clinical posting in various departments and were asked to fill it out without discussing it in fifteen minutes. Results: Total of 274 interns completed the survey. 83.2 % (n=228) interns heard about the term PEP. 93 % said that there should be guidelines regarding PEP in working areas, and 95% said that PEP can reduce the chances of developing AIDS in patients exposed accidentally to the used instrument/syringe. 53.3 % i.e. 146 interns had been pricked accidentally by infected instrument / Syringe. shockingly only 18 % interns went for the right way of PEP i.e. they first washed the prick area under running water, got the lab test of the patient and of self-done and by the time report comes they sought for medical advice and started the drug regimen. Conclusions: As this study as well as other studies in past have revealed that this is not rare for a dental practitioner to get pricked by any infected instrument or syringe during working on dental patients, the education of BDS students in Post Exposure Prophylaxis is mandatory which is not at all a part of BDS curriculum and thereby keeping dental graduates devoid of this life saving knowledge

Study on the preparation and clinical application of a new type vaginal douche / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective@#To explore the effect of the new vaginal douche device on vaginal irrigation before ovulation extraction in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer.@*Methods@#From August 2017 to April 2018, 100 cases of infertility patients admitted to the first hospital of reproductive and gynecology of Jilin University who had to undergo ovulectomy were selected and divided into 50 cases in the experimental group and 50 cases in the control group according to the random number table. In the test group, a new type of vaginal irrigator was used for vaginal irrigation one day before the operation, while in the control group, a disposable enema was used for vaginal irrigation. The vaginal cleanliness and comfort of the two groups were compared after washing.@*Results@#Vaginal cleanliness was compared between the two groups. Bacterial culture of vaginal secretions was positive in 2 patients in the experimental group, with a positive rate of 4%. In the control group, bacterial culture of vaginal secretions was positive in 14 patients, with a positive rate of 28%. Vaginal cleanliness was better in the experimental group than in the control group (χ2=10.714, P=0.001). In the experimental group, there were 2 cases of discomfort, 10 cases of discomfort, 29 cases of comfort, and 9 cases of comfort. In the control group, there were 8 cases of discomfort and 17 cases of discomfort. The comfort level of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-2.271, P=0.023).@*Conclusions@#The operation method of the new vaginal douche is simple and soft, which can not only effectively and thoroughly clean the vagina, reduce the incidence of infection, but also increase the comfort level of patients, alleviate psychological fear and improve patient satisfaction.

Effects of different volume syringe on recanalization of indwelling jejunal feeding tube in pediatric patients / 中华临床营养杂志

Objective To explore the nursing intervention effects of different volume syringe on flushing the jejunum nutrient tube for enteral nutrition pipeline obstruction among pediatric patients.Methods 62 pediatric patients with pipe plugging were selected and randomly divided into observation group and control group.Different volume syringes as 5 ml and 10 ml were used as punching tools respectively.The cases of recanalization,the rate of one time recanalization,the rate of unplanned extubation and the total time for nurse treatment of pipe plugging were compared between the two groups.Results There were no significant difference in the cases of recanalization,the rate of one time recanalization and unplanned extubation between the two groups (P＞0.05).The total time for nurse treatment of pipe plugging in the control group was higher than that in the observation group [(8.2±1.2) h vs.(7.2±0.9) h,P＜0.05].Conclusion 5 ml volume syringe as a tube washing tool after pipeline obstruction,can not only save labors but also save time,which can improve the work efficiency of nurses.

Study on the preparation and clinical application of a new type vaginal douche / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the effect of the new vaginal douche device on vaginal irrigation before ovulation extraction in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer. Methods From August 2017 to April 2018, 100 cases of infertility patients admitted to the first hospital of reproductive and gynecology of Jilin University who had to undergo ovulectomy were selected and divided into 50 cases in the experimental group and 50 cases in the control group according to the random number table. In the test group, a new type of vaginal irrigator was used for vaginal irrigation one day before the operation, while in the control group, a disposable enema was used for vaginal irrigation. The vaginal cleanliness and comfort of the two groups were compared after washing. Results Vaginal cleanliness was compared between the two groups. Bacterial culture of vaginal secretions was positive in 2 patients in the experimental group, with a positive rate of 4%. In the control group, bacterial culture of vaginal secretions was positive in 14 patients, with a positive rate of 28%. Vaginal cleanliness was better in the experimental group than in the control group (χ2=10.714, P=0.001). In the experimental group, there were 2 cases of discomfort, 10 cases of discomfort, 29 cases of comfort, and 9 cases of comfort. In the control group, there were 8 cases of discomfort and 17 cases of discomfort. The comfort level of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-2.271, P =0.023). Conclusions The operation method of the new vaginal douche is simple and soft, which can not only effectively and thoroughly clean the vagina, reduce the incidence of infection, but also increase the comfort level of patients, alleviate psychological fear and improve patient satisfaction.

Problem analysis and supervision strategy for infusion/syringe pumps / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To analyze the problems found during the sampling inspection of the infusion and syringe pumps. Methods The present situation of the supervision of medical devices was explored,and statistical analysis was executed on the sampling inspection results of medical devices in 2016 to evaluate completely their quality and application.Results The medical devices had problems in uneven quality,low rate of coverage of sampling inspection,unreferencing YY 0709—2009 Medical Electrical Equipment-Part 1-8:General Requirements for Safety-Collateral Stanalard:General Requirements,Tests and Guidance for Alarm Systems in Medical Eleatriail Equipment and Medical Electrical Systems when registering product standard and technical requirements,external labeling,instruction manual and packaging.The qualification rate for sampling inspection was kept at low level in the past few years.Conclusion The supervision strategy is put forward for medical devices to enhance their overall quality.

Development of disposable anticoagulant negative pressure syringe / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To develop a disposable negative pressure syringe to solve the problems in bone marrow aspiration. Methods The syringe was composed of an injector and a self-contained puncture needle.The injector consisted of a barrel,a plunger and a tip.The plunger had its front end placed in the barrel and connected with the tip.The tip clung to the inner wall and could slide along it,and the upper end of the cylinder was connected closely with a negative-pressure sealing cap.A negative-pressure cavity was formed between the sealing cap and the tip,and an anticoagulation layer existed at the cylinder inner wall in the cavity.The blood taking needle was made up of a bone puncture needle and a hub.Results The developed syringe gained stable negative pressure,low time and workload consumption during bone marrow aspiration when compared with the conventional tools. Conclusion The syringe increases the quality of bone marrow aspiration while decreases the workload of medical staffs,and thus is worthy promoting practically.

Current situation and thinking of continued pump method of vasoactive drugs / 中国实用护理杂志

The Micro-infusion syringe pump has been widely used in infusion of various vasoactive agents. There are several modes of syringe replacement with advantages or limitations respectively. It is important to maintain the stability of hemodynamic parameters during the syringe replacement. In the times of the reformation of medical and medical insurance payment, it is worth paying attention to monitor costs of medical consumables. The large sample multicenter study is needed to reveal the relationships between the hemodynamic parameters and the sorts and volume of various vasoactive agents. It will provide the basis for the clinical choice of syringe replacement modes.

Infection prevention of new-type bulb syringe during posterior lumbar surgery / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To study the infection prevention effect of a new type of bulb syringe during posterior lumbar surgery, which can execute pulse irrigation continuously. Methods Totally 30 patients undergoing multi-level posterior lumbar interbody fusion surgery from June to December 2016 were divided into an experiment group and a control group. The experiment group applied the bulb syringe, and the control group used tipping irrigation. The two groups were compared on intraoperative irrigation time, the development trend of C-reactive protein (CRP) 1, 3 and 5 days after surgery, incidence of postoperative pyrexia, wound healing and suture-removal time. Results The experimental group had the intraoperative irrigation time being (2.13±0.15)min, which was significantly shorter than that [(5.59±1.24)min] in the control group. In the experimental group, the CRP measurement values 1, 3 and 5 days after surgery were 46, 19 and 5 mg/L respectively and showed adeclining trend;in the control group, the CRP measurement values 1, 3 and 5 days after surgery were 49, 52 and 61 mg/L respectively and showed an increasing trend. There were 3 cases of incision exudation in the control group while none in the experimental group. The experimental group had the suture-removal time being 11.57 d, which was statistically less than that (14.29 d) in the control group. The body temperature 3 and 5 days after surgery was (37.1±2.26) and (37.0±0.12)℃respectively in the experimental group while (38.2 ±3.34) and (37.5 ±0.25)℃in the control group, and there were obvious differences between the two groups (P<0.05). There were no infected incision occurred in the two groups. Conclusion The bulb syringe gains advantages over the traditional irrigation in easy operation, short time and incidence of infected incision, and thus is worthy promoting clinically.

Study on extractables in disposable syringe materials / 中国药科大学学报

Extraction experiment of volatile compounds in disposable syringes from five manufacturers was undertaken by GC-MS with high-space injection and semi-volatile compounds were tested by GC-MS.MS detection ranged from 30 to 650 with electron ionization (EI) source.Vanillin was used as internal standard to monitor the sample pretreatment process.Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid-phase extraction (SPE) were compared to acquire a simple processing method with more extractables in syringe materials.HCl,NaOH,Tween 80 and ethanol-aqueous solution were used as extraction solvents.The method was successfully developed to determine the unknown volatile extractables and the results were used to investigate the safety of disposable syringes comprehensively.

Experimental study on selection of auxiliary appliance during application of injection pump / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To execute experimental study injection rate and volumetric error and to explore their correlations with sizes of injectors and extension tube,so as to lay a foundation for the quality control of the injection pump.Methods Simulation experiment was carried out with involving in 10,20 and 50 ml of injectors and 80 and 120 cm extension tubes,and 6 kinds of connection systems were formed with auxiliary appliances.The injection rate and flow reading of the flow meter were obtained and then compared with the set values,and the correlations were proved between sizes of auxiliary appliances and the precision of injection dose and rate.Results In case other conditions kept the same,the injector with larger capacity behaved better in controlling injection rate and dose,and the shorter extension tube gained advantages over the longer one in regulating the precision for injection and injection dose.Conclusion The experiment contributes to the selection of auxiliary appliances and the enhancement of quality control,and the further research provides references for process design and materials selection of the injector.