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Objective:To study on the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of baicalin magnesium salt in rats after tail vein injection,and compare pharmacokinetic differences between baicalin magnesium salt and baicalin. Method:After tail vein injection of baicalin magnesium salt and baicalin,orbital blood was collected at different time points.The drug concentration was measured by HPLC,the drug concentration-time curve was plotted,the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with DAS 3.0 software,SPSS 19.0 software was used for statistical analysis.At the same time,the drug distribution in heart,liver,spleen,lung and kidney was measured at different time points after tail vein injection of baicalin magnesium salt. Result:When the dose of baicalin magnesium salt was 25-100 mg·kg-1,area under the curve(AUC0-t and AUC0-∞) showed a good linear relationship with the dose(r>0.95),but most of the other pharmacokinetic parameters had no significant difference between different dose groups.The mean residence time(MRT0-t) of medium dose group of baicalin magnesium salt was significantly higher than that of equal molar dose group of baicalin.After intravenous injection of baicalin magnesium salt,the drug concentration was the highest in each tissue at 0.25 h,and the concentration of target component decreased rapidly at 0.75 h.The distribution of target component in kidney was the most,followed by lung. Conclusion:After injection,the baicalin magnesium salt can be rapidly distributed and quickly eliminated in vivo,which is mainly excreted from the kidney.
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Objective To summarize the practice experience of establishing a stable abdominal heart transplantation model combined with tail vein injection in mice. Methods In the preliminary experiment, 50 pairs of donor and recipient Kunming mice received isotransplantation, 40 pairs of donor and recipient C57BL/6J mice underwent isotransplantation. In the formal experiment, 10 pairs of donor and recipient C57BL/6J mice received isotransplantation, 30 pairs of Balb/c mice as the donor and C57BL/6J mice as the recipient received allotransplantation. The time of each step of the heart transplantation (including harvesting and dressing of the donor heart, vascular anastomosis of the recipient, etc.) was recorded. The duration of transplanted heart beat and the survival time of the recipient was observed daily after operation. The time required for tail vein injection in the transplanted mice was recorded. Pathological examination of the transplanted heart was performed at 30 d after isotransplantation (n=5) and 7 d after allotransplantation (n=5). Results In the formal experiment, the success rate of heart transplantation was 90%. The harvesting and dressing time of donor heart was (13.9±0.6) min. The cold ischemia time of the recipient was (14.2±1.2) min. The vascular anastomosis time was (34.2±3.1) min. The total operation time was (86.6±5.4) min. Postoperatively, the transplanted heart of the mice undergoing isotransplantation survived longer than 100 d. Pathological examination at postoperative 30 d demonstrated only a slight amount of inflammatory cell infiltration. The survival time of the mice receiving allotransplantation was (7.2±0.5) d due to rejection reaction. At postoperative 7 d, pathological examination showed a large quantity of inflammatory cells infiltrating into the myocardium, manifested with acute cellular rejection. The success rate reached 90% after over 200 times of tail vein injection. Conclusions In this study, a stable mouse abdominal heart transplantation model is successfully established. The mouse models in the preliminary experiment can be utilized for tail vein injection.
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Objective Four different methods were examined to identify a safer and more reliable method for tail vein punctures in C57BL/6 mice. Methods In total,320 mice were randomly divided into four groups: a blank group, incandescent lamp baking method group,three-line method group,and combined method group. Blood samples were taken from the left or right peripheral vein of puncture mice. Puncture success rate of each group was recorded. SPSS 13.0 software was used to compare statistical difference among groups. Results Compared with the blank group,success rates of the other three methods were significantly higher(P < 0.001). Further, the three-line method was better than the incandescent lamp baking method(P< 0.001). The success rate of the combined method was significantly higher than the three-line and incandescent lamp baking methods(P< 0.001). Conclusions The combined method greatly improved the success rate of tail vein punctures in C57BL/6 mice. This method is more reliable and should be more widely used in the future.
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Objective To introduce a single person operation procedure for tail vein injection in conscious tree shrews,and to improve the success rate of injection. Methods The tree shrew was fixed by a canvas glove and a clamp. The tail of the tree shrew was fixed by the operator's left hand, and the drug was injected by the right hand with a 1 mL disposable syringe. Results This method had the advantages of simple operation,economy and practicality,good fixation effect,high matching degree of animals and high success rate of drug administration. Conclusions Compared with other methods,this method has obvious advantages such as single person operation, convenient, time-saving and labor-saving. The cost is low and the effect is good,thus significantly improving the success rate of injection.
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Objective To introduce a simple fixing method for tail vein injection in mice.Methods Twenty tumor-bearing male BALB/c nude mice were used in this study.Tail vein injection was performed to these mice by two laboratory technicians A and B, respectively.The injection time and success rate were recorded and analyzed.Results Mouse tail vein injection was successfully completed by the two technicians with the cage lid pressing method.Conclusions Cage lid pressing method is a simple method for tail vein injection in mice, especially provides a more efficient method for those special form of mice.
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Objective To provide a device and an effective method for tail vein injection in mice. Methods Doing the tail vein injection in mice with the self-designed device which is consisted of constant temperature part, lighting part and holding part.The difficulty and time of injection with and without the device were compared.Results It was faster and more accurate to perform the tail vein injection in mice with this self-designed device.Conclusion Using this self-designed device can significantly improve the efficiency and save the injection time.
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Objective To introduce the operation skills of tail vein injection in conscious rats , and improve the success rate of ingection .Methods The rat was fixed by the operator with a self-made binding clothes , one person assists to fix the rat tail, one person performs puncture , and one person performs injection .During the injection process , we should minimize the injury to the rat tail and the stress caused by operation , strictly limit the needle point , the number of puncture , the maximum dose and injection speed , and to make the needle position away from the injection site to avoid contamination and waste of the drug solution .Results The operation method was successfully established and it was fast , stable, with good repeatability and high degree of coordination .Conclusion This operation is rapid, reliable and stable, worthy of recommendation , especially for the intravenous injection of expensive drugs .
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Objective To investigate the efficiency of target gene transfection of the heart and liver after tail vein or intramyocardial injection of adenovirus vector (GFP-Ad).Methods GFP-AD was constructed at first.A total of 20 male 8-week old C57BL/6 mice were randomly and equally divided into tail vein injection of GFP-AD group and intramyocardial injection of GFP-AD group.The mRNA levels of GFP in the heart and liver tissues were detected by Q-PCR at different time points.Fluorescence microscopy was performed to visualize the expression of GFP fluorescence.Results Compared with the tail vein injection group, the GFP mRNA level in mouse heart tissue was apparently higher in the intramyocardial injection group.In both groups, the GFP mRNA levels in liver tissue were significantly increased compared with that in the heart tissue.In the tail vein injection group, the GFP mRNA level in liver tissue reached a peak on day 7;but in the intramyocardial injection group, the mRNA level of GFP in liver tissue reached apeak on day 3.We also observed the same trend of GFP fluorescence expression in the tail vein injection group compared with that in the intramyocardial injection group.Conclusions Intramyocardial injection of adenovirus vector is suitable to achieve a higher transfection efficiency in mouse heart tissue compared with the tail vein injection method.Although both injection methods are suitable for transfection of mouse liver, the tail vein injection method is preferential for it is simple and less invasive.
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Objective To improve the fixation method of indwelling needle inserted in the tail vein in rats to keep the inserted needle for a longer indwelling time .Methods One hundred healthy Wistar rats ( age 5~6 months, male:female=1:1) were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group and the control group .Rats in both groups received the same tail vein indwelling needle puncture and cannulation .The control group got the traditional fixation , namely fixed by sticking with 3M transparent dressing paste .The experimental group received in addition to the traditional fixation, a 0.1 mm-thick aluminum tube placed outside the needle fixation site .The indwelling time in the rats were recorded and analyzed .Results The indwelling time was (166.86 ±9.03) h and (20.24 ±5.04) h in the experimental and control groups, respectively (t =68.546, P<0.01).Conclusions Our improved method is safe and reliable.It can prolong the indwelling time of the punctured intravenous indwelling needle , and provides a useful rat model in studies on the complications of intravenous indwelling needle kept for a longer time .
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10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.23.015
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Objective To provide a fixtures and feasible injection method for rat tail vein injection.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into A group and B group,thirty rats in each group.Rats in group A fixed by a simple and practical experimental rats fixtures.And rats in group B fixed by common plastic drink bottles.Then the tail vein injection experiment was conducted respectively.Results It took one people 31.2 seconds in group A and 33.1 seconds in group B to finish the experiment from capture to fix rats,and took one people 68.4 seconds in group A to finish the experiment from capture to finish the injection,while it couldn't finish in group B.It took two people 25.4 seconds in group A and 25.8 seconds in group B to finish the experiment from capture to fix rats,and took 63.7 seconds in group A and 85.6 seconds in group B to finish the experiment from capture to finish the injection.Conclusion The experimental rats fixtures can increase the success rate of rats tail vein injection,and shorten the injection time.It is a safe and effective method.