Grade Evaluation of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Decoction Pieces Based on Relative Quality Constant / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To establish the grade evaluation standard of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma decoction pieces combining traditional character evaluation and modern intrinsic quality analysis. Method:The appearance character parameters （thickness and weight） and contents of internal index components （tanshinones and salvianolic acid B） of 18 batches of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma decoction pieces were determined， and the relative quality constant was calculated. The maximum value of the percentage quality constants of the tested samples was assumed to be 100%， the value ≥80% was classified as the first-class， ≥50% and <80% as the second-class， <50% as the third-class. Result:The relative quality constants of 18 batches of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma decoction pieces ranged from 349 to 884. According to the percentage quality constant， 18 batches of samples were successfully divided into three grades. The relative quality constant of the first-class product was ≥707， including samples ds5， ds8 and ds14， accounting for about 17% of the total number of samples. The relative quality constant of the second-class product was ≥442 and <707， accounting for about 61% of the total number of samples. the other samples were of the third-class， and their relative quality constants were all <442. Conclusion:The method of relative quality constant overcomes the one-sidedness of the single method in the grade evaluation of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma decoction pieces， and the evaluation results can objectively， reasonably and scientifically classify the grade of the decoction pieces， which can provide reference for the establishment of the grade standard of other decoction pieces.

Study on tanshinones regulating root-associated microbiomes of Salvia miltiorrhiza / 中国中药杂志

The plant root-associated microbiomes include root microbiome and rhizosphere microbiome, which are closely related to plant life activities. Nearly 30% of photosynthesis products of plants are used to synthesize root compounds, there is evidence that root compounds regulate and significantly affect the root microbiome Tanshinones are the main hydrophobic components in Salvia miltiorrhiza. In order to study whether these compounds can regulate the root-associated microbiomes of S. miltiorrhiza, our study first identified a white root S. miltiorrhiza(BG) which contains little tanshinones. Retain of the fifth intron of tanshinones synthesis key enzyme gene SmCPS1 leading to the early termination of the SmCPS1 gene, and a stable white root phenotype. Further, wild type(WT) and BG were planted in greenhouse with nutrient soil(Pindstrup, Denmark) and Shandong soil(collected from the S. miltiorrhiza base in Weifang, Shandong), then high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the root-associated microbiomes. The results showed that the tanshinones significantly affected the root-associated microbiomes of S. miltiorrhiza, and the impact on root microbiomes was more significant. There are significant differences between WT and BG root microbiomes in species richness, dominant strains and co-occurrence network. Tanshinones have a certain repelling effect on Bacilli which belongs to Gram-positive, while specifically attract some Gram-negative bacteria such as Betaproteobacteria and some specific genus of Alphaproteobacteria. This study determined the important role of tanshinones in regulating the structure of root-associated microbiomes from multiple angles, and shed a light for further improving the quality and yield of S. miltiorrhiza through microenvironment regulation.

Chemical constituents of Shuangshen Pingfei Granules by UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS / 中草药

Objective: A novel ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was applied to establish a method to recognize and classify the main chemical constituents of Shuangshen Pingfei Granules accurately and rapidly. Methods: ACQUITY UPLC® BEH C18 chromatographic column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) was employed to UPLC analysis with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution. ESI ion source was used to ensure the data collected in positive and negative ion mode. The chemical components of Shuangshen Pingfei Granules were identified by comparing with the retention time and the mass data of the reference substance, and consulting literature reports and mass spectrometry database. Results: A total of 63 chemical components were identified, including 24 terpenoids, seven phenolic acids, six tanshinones, 14 flavonoids and 12 other classes. Conclusion: The qualitative method established in this study could be used to rapidly and accurately identify the main chemical constituents of Shuangshen Pingfei Granules, and lay a foundation for the further analysis of effective ingredients in vivo, pharmacodynamic material basis and quality control research.

Effects of different nitrogen sources on accumulation of active components in hairy roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Salvia castanea f. tomentosa / 中草药

Objective: Nitrogen is an important element affecting the accumulation of effective components in Chinese medicinal materials. The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of different nitrogen sources on the growth and active components accumulation of hairy roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Salvia castanea f. tomentosa. Methods: The hairy roots of S. miltiorrhiza and S. castanea f. tomentosa were treated with ammonium nitrate, hydrolyzed milk protein, peptone, beef extract, casein and yeast extract, respectively. The growth of hairy roots and the accumulation of active components were analyzed. Results: Ammonium nitrate was the most beneficial to the growth of the two kinds of hairy roots. Hydrolyzed milk protein significantly promoted the accumulation of salvianolic acids, compared with ammonium nitrate, the contents of rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B in S. miltiorrhiza were respectively increased by 2.94 times and 3.27 times, and the contents of rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B in S. castanea f. tomentosa were respectively increased by 13.74 times and 2.01 times. Yeast extract had the most significant effect on the accumulation of dihydrotanshinone I and cryptotanshinone in two kinds of hairy roots. Hydrolyzed milk protein significantly promoted the accumulation of tanshinone IIA in the hairy roots of S. miltiorrhiza, while beef extract had the most significant effect on the accumulation of tanshinone IIA in S. castanea f. tomentosa. Conclusion: Ammonium nitrate was the best nitrogen source for the growth of two kinds of hairy roots, and hydrolyzed milk protein was the best nitrogen source for salvianolic acids accumulation. The effects of different nitrogen sources on four kinds of tanshinones were different, and the responses of S. miltiorrhiza and S. castanea f. tomentosa to different nitrogen sources were also different. This study not only has certain guiding significance for large-scale cultivation of hairy roots of S. miltiorrhiza and industrialized production of active components, but also provides a reference for the development and utilization of S. castanea f. tomentosa resources.

Study on components efficacy of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma based on systematic traditional Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

This paper aimed to establish efficacy systems of tanshinones and salvianolic acids, two representative substances in Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma by using literature mining and biological network construction, based on systematic traditional Chinese medicine theory. The systematic study on the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine was carried out from the basic unit, the structure and relationship between the basic units, the boundary of the research object and the function of the system, so as to explain the overall efficacy of the two kinds of components at the molecular level. Firstly, we collected the elements of the efficacy systems of these two kinds of components by literature mining, and defined their boundaries based on biological processes. After that, the structure of the efficacy systems was clarified according to the relationship in the KEGG database. Finally, the function of the efficacy systems was analyzed from the level of pharmacology, pharmacodynamics, and efficacy, revealing the scientific connotation of traditional Chinese medicine efficacy system. The results showed that there were 201 targets(elements), 12 target sets(boundary), and 12 pathway networks(structure) in salvianolic acids' efficacy system. Meanwhile, there were 189 targets(elements), 11 target sets(boundary), and 11 pathway networks(structure) in tanshinones' efficacy system. The results suggested that the functions of salvia-nolic acids' and tanshinones' efficacy systems were different in pharmacology and pharmacodynamics from aspects of elements, boundary, relationship and structure, but they were same in functional level as both of them could promote blood circulation, remove blood stasis, clear away heart-fire, relieve restlessness, and soothe the nerves. Based on systematic traditional Chinese medicine, we constructed the efficacy system of two representative components in Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in this paper, elucidated the overall efficacy and builded the bridge between reductionism and holism in traditional Chinese medicine.

Discussion on research idea of quality marker of Salvia miltiorrhiza based on biosynthetic pathway of tanshinone compounds / 中国中药杂志

Based on the theory of Q-marker, the hairy root of Salvia miltiorrhiza and S. miltiorrhiza in many provinces were studied. The relative expressions of SmCPS, SmKSL and CYP76AH1 genes in hairy roots were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and the contents of tanshinoneⅡ_A, cryptotanshinone, tanshinoneⅠ, 1,2-dihydrotanshinone, ferruginol and miltiradiene were detected by UPLC and GC-MS, respectively. Statistical analysis shows as fllows: in the hairy root of S. miltiorrhiza, the content of miltiradiene and ferruginol is positively correlated with the content of tanshinone compounds in the downstream, and the relative expression of important genes in the biosynthetic pathway of tanshinone can reflect the content of tanshinone compounds to a certain extent; in many provinces of S. miltiorrhiza, the content of ferruginol and tanshinone compounds can also be found that there is a positive correlation between the contents. Based on the biosynthetic pathway of tanshinone compounds, which is a special index component in S. miltiorrhiza, this study focused on the important relationship between the upstream gene, the middle intermediate compound and the downstream tanshinone compound content of the biosynthetic pathway, and explored the possible research ideas of improving the quality marker system of S. miltiorrhiza, and then provided the possible research ideas for understanding and studying the quality marker of traditional Chinese medicine from the biosynthetic pathway.

Study on Original Processing Technology of Salvia miltiorrhiza Raw Medicinal Materials / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To study the effects of different processing technologies on the quality of Salvia miltiorrhiza decoction pieces， and to provide reference for original processing of S. miltiorrhiza to decoction pieces. METHODS： Fresh S. miltiorrhiza from two areas of Shandong province （Pingyin and Pingyi） were processed into decoction pieces by 24 kinds of processing technology， such as fresh cutting， dry cutting after dried 30％， dry cutting after dried 50％， full dry cutting， traditional cutting [from 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia （part Ⅰ）， shorted as pharmacopecia]， cutting after full dry steamed， cutting after fresh steamed， cutting after dry 30％ steamed， cutting after fresh boiled （then divided into air-drying and baking）. The qualities of decoction pieces were evaluated for original processing comprehensively through appearance character and the contents of moisture， water soluble extract， ethanol soluble extract， and effective components （tanshinones and salvianolic acid B）. RESULTS： From the appearance characteristics， the traditional cutting， cutting after fresh steamed and cutting after dry 30％ steamed， decoction pieces had better surface color and high yield， which were more in line with the relevant description of the pharmacopecia. From the contents of moisture and effective components， the contents of moisture of S. miltiorrhiza decoction pieces were 3.60％-10.40％； the contents of water soluble extract were 51.07％-70.18％； the contents of ethanol soluble extract were 15.08％-20.36％， all above were all in line with the standard of pharmacopecia. The contents of tanshinones were 0.16％-0.79％. Only fresh-cut and fresh-boiled-cut baked samples from Pingyin were not up to the standard of pharmacopecia （tanshinones content was not less than 0.25％）， while those from Pingyi were up to the standard. The contents of salvianolic acid B were 4.51％-8.68％， which were all in line with the standard of pharmacopecia （salvianolic acid B content was not less than 3.0％）. In all processing technologies， the indexes of decoctions made by steaming， cutting and air-drying were higher. CONCLUSIONS： Comprehensive considering from the aspects of appearance character and effective components content， suitable processing method of S. miltiorrhiza raw medicinal materials is cutting after steamed and air-drying.

Analysis of chemical constituents of Jiashen Tablet extract by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS / 中草药

Objective To establish a method for the major content identification of Jiashen Tablet extract by using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Methods The chromatographic separation was executed on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) with methanol-0.1% formic acid in water by gradient elution. Electrospray ionization (ESI) source was applied and operated in both positive and negative ion mode. Results A total of 72 compounds were found and 68 compounds among them were identified by the methods of comparing reference substance, matching Database and referencing related literature, including 13 phenolic acids, 6 tanshinones, 11 flavonoids and their glycosides, 4 cardiac glycosides, 15 triterpenoid saponins, 7 C21 steroids, and 13 other components. Conclusion This study introduces a comprehensive analysis method of chemical constituents in Jiashen Table extract. The results afford a significant guidance for the study of active constituents and quality control research for Jiashen Tablet.

Biosynthesis and Regulation of Active Compounds in Medicinal Model Plant Salvia miltiorrhiza / 中草药·英文版

Natural products from plant secondary metabolits are a major source of clinical drugs and industrial chemicals. Salvia miltiorrhiza is one of the most important plants in traditional Chinese medicine. Its dried roots and rhizomes are highly valued for use in the treatment of vascular diseases and for their anti-oxidative activities. Furthermore, S. miltiorrhiza is described as a medicinal model plant mainly due to its biosynthesis of active compounds. Here, we reviewed the research on S. miltiorrhiza in genomics, transcriptomics, biosynthesis of tanshinones and phenolic acids, biotic and abiotic elicitors, and regulation of transcription factors. This will provide a solid foundation for new breeding and synthetic biology approaches to produce and study natural products.

Preparation and characterization of salvianolic acids-tanshinones composite powder for inhalation via co-micronized method / 中国中药杂志

Salvianolic acids and tanshinones are main hydrophilic and lipophilic extracts from Salvia Miltiorrhiza with significant anti-pulmonary fibrosis effects. The aim of this study was to prepare a co-micronized salvianolic acids-tanshinones composite powder for inhalation using a planetary ball mill. The micronization process parameters were optimized by central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM). Treatment time, rotation speed and the ball/sample weight ratio were selected as the independent variables, and the volume fraction of particle size in 1-5 μm was taken as the dependent variable. The powder properties were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), laser diffraction and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD). The powder flow and hygroscopicity were determined with repose angle, compressibility index and critical relative humidity(CRH). According to the results, the salvianolic acids-tanshinones composite powder produced in optimal conditions had a narrow and unimodal particle size distribution and a smaller D₅₀ of 2.33 μm. The volume fraction of particle size in 1-5 μm was 80.82%. The repose angle was (50.60±1.13) °, and the critical relative humidity is about 77%. After being micronized, the particle size significantly reduced, and the number of amorphous substances slightly increased, with no significant changes in powder flow and hygroscopicity. These findings indicate that the grinding method with a planetary ball mill can be used to co-micronize various components with different properties and prepare composite drug powders for dry powder inhalation.

Effect of enzymolysis after acid and alkali pretreatment on extraction of tanshinones from Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma residues / 中国中药杂志

Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma residues were pre-treated with acid and alkali, degraded by using cellulose, and the effects of different processing methods on the extraction rate of tanshinones were compared to provide scientific basis for development and utilization of tanshinones from Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma residues. The results showed that in the Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma residues without pre-treatment, enzymatic hydrolysis time of 4.5 d could make most of the cellulose degraded when the concentration of substrate enzyme concentration was 6 U•mL-1, and the highest glucose concentration was 59.74 mg•g⁻¹. It was found that the best effect was achieved after alkali pre-treatment-cellulose C degradation among the different pre-treatment methods, and the glucose content reached 119.50 mg•g⁻¹, followed by the same concentration of acid pre-treatment-cellulose C degradation. The extraction amount of tanshinone ⅡA was increased by 82.54% after enzyme degradation, with a mass fraction of 2.451 mg•g⁻¹; extraction amount of tanshinone I was increased by 81.82% after enzyme degradation, with a mass fraction of 2.373 mg•g⁻¹; extraction amount of cryptotanshinone was increased by 64.4% after enzyme degradation, with a mass fraction of 1.080 mg•g⁻¹; extraction amount of dihydrotanshinone I was increased by 61.3% after enzyme degradation, with a mass fraction of 0.601 2 mg•g⁻¹. Acid and alkali pre-treatment combined with cellulose degradation could effectively improve the extraction rate of tanshinones from Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma residues. This method is operable and practical, and it is beneficial for improving the utilization efficiency of tanshinones (resource based chemicals) from Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma residues.

A Research Progress on the Biosynthesis of Effective Compounds in Salvia Miltiorrhiza / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Tanshinones and phenolic acids are two major classes of effective compounds in S.miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma.Accumulative levels of these compounds directly determined its quality and efficacy.Presently,for the purpose of understanding the underlying the mechanism behind the biosynthesis and regulation of effective compounds in S.miltiorrhiza,a series of progresses have been pressed ahead.Benefiting from the boost and convenience of high-throughput genomic,transcriptomic,and metabolic analysis methods,remarkable achievements have been accessed in this field.In this paper,a summary for the recent progress have been made with the provision of a reference for better understanding over the quality of S.miltiorrhiza.

Research progress of Tanshinones / 中国药理学通报

Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge (Dan shen in Chinese)is extracted from dried roots and rhizomes of Labiatae Salvia.Tan-shinones are the main lipid-soluble components in Salvia,each has specific pharmacological activity.This review focuses on the research progress of Tanshinones on cardiovascular diseases,an-ti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, anti-tumor effect,hepatocyte protection and neuroprotective effects.Thera-peutic effects and mechanisms of Tanshinones on diverse disea-ses are summarized,pharmacokinetics and pharmaceutic evalua-tion were concluded.This review provides a global understand-ing about Tanshinones as a class of effective and promising can-didates for further studies,and lays a foundation for developing new Tanshinone-based agents according to the characteristics of Tanshinones.

Resource components analysis on Salvia miltiorrhiza residues in production process of Danhong Injection and its transformation mechanism / 中草药

Objective: To analyze the resource components (tanshinones and salvianolic acids) in Salvia miltiorrhiza residues in production process of Danhong Injection, explore the constituents transformation mechanism, and discover the resource utilization pathway for S. miltiorrhiza residues. Methods: The chemical constituents in S. miltiorrhiza and S. miltiorrhiza residues were extracted by methanol ultrasonic method. The HPLC-PDA analysis was carried out on a BDS HYPERSIL C18 (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) column with acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid solution as mobile phase for gradient elution. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, the column temperature was maintained at 30℃. Then the residues resource utilization was further explored based on the research results and previous work. Results: The tanshinone components were virtually unused and remained in the residues during the production process of Danhong Injection. The contents of salvianolic acid A and protocatechuic aldehyde in the residues are higher than those in the salvia herbs. Conclusion: The tanshinones in S. miltiorrhiza residues are worthy of further development and utilization during the Danhong Injection production process. It provides a main basis for the resource utilization and development of S. miltiorrhiza residues.

Superparamagnetic adsorbent for one-step efficient extraction and purification of tanshinones from Salvia miltiorrhiza / 中草药

Objective: A novel one-step extraction and purification method by using superparamagnetic adsorbents was established for separation of tanshinones from Salvia miltiorrhiza. Methods: Firstly, superparamagnetic poly hydroxyethyl methacrylate (PHEMA) microspheres were prepared by dispersion polymerization method, and their adsorptive performances of tanshinones were investigated, then these microspheres for purification of tanshinones were coupled into extraction process of tanshinones. The feasibility and separation efficiency of this one-step method were further studied. Results: The prepared PHEMA microspheres with the average diameters of 1.2 μm had superparamagnetic property and good adsorption performance for tanshinones. In comparison with two steps method including extraction and purification, one-step method showed significantly higher extraction efficiency of three tanshinones from 0.179, 0.093, and 0.452 mg/g in 5 h to 0.279, 0.176, and 0.575 mg/g in 0.5 h, with less separation process, greatly shorter time consumption from 5.5 h to 0.5 h, and good purification results. Conclusion: One-step method proposed is demonstrated feasible and has the merits of high extraction efficiency, less separation process, good purification, and rapid separation speed.

Evaluation and SAR analysis of the cytotoxicity of tanshinones in colon cancer cells / 中国天然药物

AIM@#This study was designed to evaluate the anti-cancer actions of tanshinone I and tanshinone IIA, and six derivatives of tanshinone IIA on normal and cancerous colon cells. Structure activity relationship (SAR) analysis was conducted to delineate the significance of the structural modifications of tanshinones for improved anti-cancer action.@*METHOD@#Tanshinone derivatives were designed and synthesized according to the literature. The cytotoxicity of different compounds on colon cancer cells was determined by the MTT assay. Apoptotic activity of the tanshinones was measured by flow cytometry (FCM).@*RESULTS@#Tanshinone I and tanshinone IIA both exhibited significant cytotoxicity on colon cancer cells. They are more effective in p53(+/+) colon cancer cell line. It was also noted that the anti-cancer activity of tanshinone I was more potent and selective. Two of the derivatives of tanshinone IIA (N1 and N2) also exhibited cytotoxicity on colon cancer cells.@*CONCLUSION@#The anti-colon cancer activity of tanshinone I was more potent and selective than tanshinone IIA, and is p53 dependent. The derivatives obtained by structural modifications of tanshinone IIA exhibited lower cytotoxicity on both normal and colon cancer cells. From steric and electronic characteristics point of view, it was concluded that structural modifications of ring A and furan or dihydrofuran ring D on the basic structure of tanshinones influences the activity. An increase of the delocalization of the A and B rings could enhance the cytotoxicity of such compounds, while a non-planar and small sized D ring region would provide improved anti-cancer activity.

Application of liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry technique in component analysis of Salvia miltiorrhiza / 中草药

Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) is a kind of Chinese materia medica (CMM), and there has been a long history of Danshen for wide use in the treatment of numerous diseases, especially the unique therapeutic effect on cardiovascular disorders. Salvianolic acids and tanshinones are the main effective components in Danshen, which attracts the researchers' more attention for its significant biological activity. Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry technique (LC-MS) is a rapid, sensitive, and comprehensive analytical method for the simultaneous separation and analysis, which has been widely used in the study on CMM component analysis. A large number of literatures of the application of LC-MS in the component analysis of Danshen are systematically summarized in this paper, so as to provide some indication for scientific interpretation of the effective material basis, and improve the quality control standard and comprehensive utilization of Danshen and its preparation.

Effects of PEG-6000 stress on tanshinones accumulation in hairy roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza / 中草药

Objective: To study the effects of polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG-6000) stress on the accumulation of tanshinones in hairy roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Methods: Agrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC15834 was used to induce the hairy roots of S. miltiorrhiza. After 20 d suspension culture, the PEG-6000 (1.2%, 2.0%, 5.5%, and 10%, respectively) was added into the suspension cultures and at the same time, the contents of tanshinones (including tanshinone I, cryptotanshinone, dihydrotanshinon I, and tanshinone IIA) were quantified by HPLC on day 7. Results: The growth of the hairy roots of S. miltiorrhiza was inhibited by PEG-6000. After PEG-6000 (1.2%, 2.0%, 5.5%, and 10%) treatment, the dry weights of the hairy roots of S. miltiorrhiza were reduced to 75.1%, 83.0%, 76.2%, and 76.1% of the control group, respectively. Addition of PEG-6000 at different levels could significantly increase the yields of four tanshinones in the hairy roots of S. miltiorrhiza. The yields of tanshinone I, cryptotanshinone, dihydrotanshinon I, and tanshinone IIA were significantly increased by 2.0%-5.5%, 1.2%, 2.0%, and 5.5% PEG-6000, respectively. And the tanshinone IIA increased most. Conclusion: PEG-6000 could stimulate the accumulation of tanshinones in the hairy roots of S. miltiorrhiza.

Pharmacodynamics of Danshen co-microemulsion in treatment of experimental acute myocardial ischemia induced by pituitrin in rats / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To study the effects of Danshen co-microemulsion (Co-ME) in treatment of acute myocardial ischemia induced by pituitrin in rats. Methods The experimental model of myocardial ischemia was produced by injecting pituitrin into the sublingual vein of rats. The serum level of malonaldehyde(MDA) and the activities of phosphocreatine kinase (PCK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and erythrocupnin (SOD) were examined in Co-ME, salvianolic acid microemulsíon, tanshinone microemulsion, tanshinones suspension and blank microemulsion groups 30 min after injection of pituitrin. Results Co-ME, tanshinone microemulsion, salvianolic acíd microemulsion and tanshinone suspension all improved myocardial eschemia to some extent; besides, they also decreased PCK, LDH activities and MDA content, and increased SOD activity. The therapeutic effect of Co-ME group was superior to those for the tanshinone microemulsíon and salvianolic acid microemulsion groups, and significantly better than that of tanshinone suspension group (P<0.05). Conclusion Microemulsion system can greatly promote the absorbance and bíoavailability of tanshinone, dísplaying a therapeutic effect for acute myocardial íschemia. Salvianolic acids combined with tanshinones can promote the therapeutic effect.

Pharmacodynamics of Danshen co-microemulsion in treatment of experimental acute myocardial ischemia induced by pituitrin in rats / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To study the effects of Danshen co-microemulsion (Co-ME) in treatment of acute myocardial ischemia induced by pituitrin in rats. Methods The experimental model of myocardial ischemia was produced by injecting pituitrin into the sublingual vein of rats. The serum level of malonaldehyde (MDA) and the activities of phosphocreatine kinase (PCK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and erythrocuprein (SOD) were examined in Co-ME, salvianolic acid microemulsion, tanshinone microemulsion, tanshinones suspension and blank microemulsion groups 30 min after injection of pituitrin. Results Co-ME, tanshinone microemulsion, salvianolic acid microemulsion and tanshinone suspension all improved myocardial eschemia to some extent; besides, they also decreased PCK, LDH activities and MDA content, and increased SOD activity. The therapeutic effect of Co-ME group was superior to those for the tanshinone microemulsion and salvianolic acid microemulsion groups, and significantly better than that of tanshinone suspension group (P<0. 05). Conclusion Microemulsion system can greatly promote the absorbance and bioavailability of tanshinone, displaying a therapeutic effect for acute myocardial ischemia. Salvianolic acids combined with tanshinones can promote the therapeutic effect.