ABSTRACT
Objective To discuss the value in quality improvement and continuous improvement through the way for determina-tion of target uncertainty in chemical quantitative detection project and regular evaluation of measurement uncertainty in different phase.Methods Based on the biological variability of quality specification and CNAS-TRL-001:CNAS technical report,to compare the five kinds of determination of target uncertainty.Method 1:the fundamental way(calculate the different levels of target impre-cision and bias);Method 2:biological variation of different grades of total allowable error;Method 3:the relative expanded uncer-tainty evaluation value based on target imprecision and bias;Method 4:the target relative expanded uncertainty based on biological variation of different grades;Method 5:the target relative expanded uncertainty based on the quality index of analysis.We used un-certainty evaluate index(UEI)to review the changes of uncertainty in different phase.Results The 14 conventional chemistry tests in 2013 with metrological traceability and participate in the Ministry of health EQA were as the target.There was no significant difference among the 2,3,4 method,the ratio of which reached the ideal value of uncertaninty target were not significantly different. In method 5,9 projects achieved the target of uncertainty requirements,accounted for 64.3%.TP,ALT,BUN,UA,CK,these5 pro-jects′UEI were less than 0,accounted for 35.7%;other 9 projects′UEI were more than 2.0%.Conclusion Method 5:the target relative expanded uncertainty based on the quality index of analysis which is based on WS/T403-2012 can give consideration to the quality standard of repeatability precision and bias in the laboratory at the same time,and is easy to be accepted for laboratory;method 4:the target relative expanded uncertainty based on biological variation of different grades is in the same way with the eval-uation of test results uncertainty,is better than method 2 and 3;method 1 is the fundamental way,can give the specific reasons when the test results cannot get the target uncertainty.Use UEI to assess the changes of uncertainty in different phase is more sensitive to changes of the test results′accuracy and its usefulness needs to be confirmed in practice.
ABSTRACT
The effects of target location and uncertainty of target position on reaching movements while standing were investigated. Ten healthy, right-handed adults stood facing a 17'' touchscreen. They were instructed to press with their right index fingertip a push bottom and touch the center of the target displayed on the screen after it was lighted on, moving quickly their arm. The target was shown either ipsi- or contralateral to the right arm and either in a certain or uncertain position. Reaction time (RT), movement time (MT), and radial error (RE) were assessed. Results revealed shorter RT (≈ 35 ms) and smaller RE (≈ 0.19 cm) for certain than for uncertain condition and slightly longer RT (≈ 8 ms) and MT (≈ 18 ms) for reaches towards the contralateral target. In conclusion, the findings of this study showing the effect of uncertainty of target location as well as target position are also applied to arm reaching in standing position.
Os efeitos da localização do alvo e da incerteza quanto à posição do alvo em movimentos de alcance foram investigados. Dez adultos permaneceram em pé em frente a um monitor sensível ao toque. Eles foram instruídos a pressionar com o dedo indicador direito um interruptor e tocar o centro do alvo apresentado no monitor após ele acender, movendo o membro superior rapidamente. O alvo foi mostrado ipsi ou contralateralmente e os participantes tinham ou não certeza sobre a posição do alvo. O tempo de reação (TR) e movimento (TM) e o erro radial (ER) foram avaliados. Os resultados revelaram menor TR (≈35 ms) e ER (≈0,19 cm) para a condição de certeza e maiores TR (≈8 ms) e TM (≈18 ms) para os moimentos ao alvo contralateral. Concluindo, esses achados mostraram que os efeitos da incerteza da localização e a posição final do alvo podem ser aplicados para movimentos de alcance na posição ereta.
Los efectos de la ubicación de la diana y la incertidumbre acerca de la posición de la diana en los movimientos de alcance fueron investigados. Diez adultos sanos y diestros estaban frente a una pantalla táctil de 17''. Se les instruyó para presionar un interruptor con el dedo índice derecho y tocar el centro de la diana que aparece en la pantalla después de haber sido iluminado, moviéndo rápidamente su miembro superior. La diana fue mostrada ya sea ipsi o contralateralmente y los participantes tenían o no certidumbre sobre la posición de la misma. El tiempo de reacción (TR), el tiempo de movimiento (TM), y el error radial (ER) fueron evaluados. Los resultados revelaron ser más cortos TR (≈ 35 ms) y RE menor (≈ 0,19cm) en la condición de certeza y mayores TR (≈ 8 ms) y TM (≈ 18 ms) en los movimientos hacia la meta contralateral. En conclusión, los hallazgos de este estudio que muestra los efectos de la incertidumbre de la ubicación de la diana, así como la posición de la diana se aplican también a movimientos de alcance en la posición erecta.