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@#AIM: To analyze the therapeutic effect of loratadine combined with diclofenac sodium eye drops in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis, and the influence on tear film stability and tear-related indexes.<p>METHODS: A prospective study was conducted among 93 patients(186 eyes)with allergic conjunctivitis admitted to the hospital between January 2019 and January 2020. They were randomly divided into observation group(<i>n</i>=47, 94 eyes, treated with loratadine and diclofenac sodium eye drops)and control group(<i>n</i>=46, 48 eyes, treated with loratadine). All patients received 2wk of treatment. The improvement of ocular symptoms and signs after treatment was evaluated. Schirmer I test(SⅠt)and break up time(BUT)were used to evaluate the tear film stability. The height, depth and cross-sectional area of lacrimal rivus were measured by anterior segment related optical coherence tomography. Tear specimens were collected to detect changes in tear hyaluronic acid(HA), group ⅡA secretory phospholipase A2(sPLA2-Ⅱa and eosinophil cationic protein(ECP). The occurrence of adverse reactions was counted.<p>RESULTS: After 2wk of treatment, the scores of main symptoms and signs were reduced in the two groups(<i>P</i><0.05), and the observation group had lower scores than the control group(<i>P</i><0.05). SⅠt and BUT were increased in the two groups(<i>P</i><0.05), which were longer in the observation group than in the control group(<i>P</i><0.05). The height of lacrimal rivus increased, depth increased, and cross-sectional area were increased in the two groups(<i>P</i><0.05). Besides, the above indexes in observation group were higher than those in the control group(<i>P</i><0.05). Meanwhile, HA, ECP and sPLA2-Ⅱa were decreased in the two groups(<i>P</i><0.05), which were lower in the observation group than in the control group(<i>P</i><0.05). No significant differences were found between the 2 groups in the incidence of adverse reactions(12.8% <i>vs</i> 10.9%, <i>P</i>>0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: The overall effect of loratadine combined with diclofenac sodium eye drops is better than that of loratadine alone in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. The combined treatment can improve symptoms, signs and tear film stability, reduce inflammatory mediators in tears, and promote recovery of tear film function. Besides, it is safe and feasible.
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AIM: To explore the optimal ways for the collection and preservation of tear proteins.? METHODS: Siliconized microcapillary tube or Schirmer's strips made in China or in the USA were tested. All three carriers were loaded with equal volume and quantity of bull serum albumin (BSA), fetal bovine serum (FBS) or known concentrations of IL1-Ra, IL-6, MIG, IP-10, MMP9, TIMP1, VEGF and HBD1 mixture and kept at 4℃, -20℃ or -80℃. After a desired time of storage, the proteins were eluted with different elution buffer. Micro BCATM protein quantitative kit and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits were used to determine total protein concentrations and the concentrations of the above biological molecules, respectively.?RESULTS: Neither protease inhibitors nor detergent were necessary for protein elution from the Schirmer's strip. When stored at-20℃ and-80℃, three tear carriers showed no differences in the recovery of total protein. The recovery of IL-6 from three carriers under different temperature was similar but the higher than other proteins. The recovery rate of IL-1Ra was 98％±6％ from the microcapillary tube and 19％± 15％ from Schirmer's strip. The recovery rate of HBD1 was 93％± 8％ from the microcapillary tube and 61％± 3％ from Schirmer's strip. The recovery rate of MIG was 87％ ± 4％ from the microcapillary tube and 69％± 4％ from Schirmer's strip. Microcapillary tube also had less retention for MMP-9 ( 90％ ± 5％) and TIMP1 ( 103％ ± 7％) compared to Schirmer's strip(62％±3％ vs 87％±5％). The strips made in China and in the USA showed similar retention to most of the proteins tested here. When stored at -80℃, the recovery rate for VEGF and IP-10 were 82％± 5％ and 72％± 8％, respectively, significantly higher than that when stored at higher temperature.?CONCLUSION: The selection of tear sample carrier is dependent on target proteins to be recovered. Low temperature deep freezing is a preferred way for tear sample storage. microcapillary tube is applicable for most of the proteins. While for those protein with noticeable polarity, like HBD1, pre - experiment is needed.
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AIM: To investigate therapeutic efficiency of amniotic extraction on dry eye in rabbit model induced by topical benzalkonium chloride (BAC). METHODS: Totally 26 rabbits (26 right eyes) with dry eye model were studied and divided into two groups:group A (control group with PBS eye drops, n = 13) and group B ( amniotic extraction group, n = 13). Another two rabbits were chosen as normal control. The SchirmerⅠ tests ( S Ⅰ t) and corneal fluorescein staining ( FL) were made, and the tear total protein content, amylase activity, lactoferrin, lysozyme contents, goblet cell density were performed in two groups before treatment and 1, 2, 4 and 8 wk after treatment. RESULTS: There were significant differences in SIT, FL scores, lysozyme activity and goblet cell density among different groups at different time points (P0. 05). After 8wks' treatment with PBS, the mean differences of the group A showed great changes in SⅠt, lysozyme and goblet cell density compared with those before treatment ( P 0. 05). As for group B, 8wks after treatment, there were statistical changes in SⅠt, FL, lysozyme (P 0. 05). It was evident that statistical differences were observed in S Ⅰ t, FL scores, lysozyme activity and goblet cell density between two groups at each time point (P0. 05). Meanwhile there was no significant differences in total protein, lactoferrin, amylase activity between two groups before treatment ( P > 0. 05 ). But there were significant differences in total protein, lactoferrin, amylase activity between two groups after 4 and 8 wks'treatment (PCONCLUSION: Amniotic extraction has significant therapeutic effect on the dry eye in rabbit model.
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The various ocular diseases affects the components of ocular tear film. And the tear protein analysis may be of considerable diagnostic value s the ocular pathologic marker in the complex systemic diseases such as diabetes. To compare the amounts of the total tear protein and the tear lysozyme concentration in normal persons with those of diabetic patients the tear protein with 141 eyes in 141 normal persons and 86 diabetic patients were analysed. Conclusively, the tear lysozyme concertration is decreased in diabetes. The risk factors are older age, longer duration of diabetes, more severe diabetic retinopathy, and the presence of systemic diabetic complications such as diabetic nophropathy. The tear lysozyme concentration is an good indicator in the diabetic dysfunction of the main and accessory lacrimal gland. And it is suggested that the Qualitative change of tear composition in diabetes is associated with the main and accessory lacrimal gland dysfunction.
Subject(s)
Humans , Diabetes Complications , Diabetic Retinopathy , Lacrimal Apparatus , Muramidase , Risk Factors , TearsABSTRACT
The proportion of tear proteins is different markedly in various ocular diseases, so its measurement may be of considerable diagnostic value in certain ocular conditions. We studied prospectively proportion of tear proteins in 50 normal adult Koreans. 25 male and 25 female, by using protein electrophoresis. Four fractions were demonstrated by protein electrophoresis using cellulose acetate membrane: Fraction 1 represents as tear-specific prealbumin(TSP1) and albumin, fraction 2 as other tear-specific prealbumin(TSP2), fraction 3 as lactotransferrin and immunoglobulin, and fraction 4 as lysozyme. In this study, the proportion of tear proteins in fraction 1 to 4 were 33.4%, 1.1%, 44.2%, and 21.2% respectively. With age, the proportion of fraction 4 decreased, and its decrease was not statistically significant difference. There was no statistically significant difference between age groups in fractions 1,2 or 3. Difference of proportion of tear proteins between the sex was not statistically significant in any of the fractions. Further studies on the tear proteins may be helpful in diagnosing some ocular conditions.