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Introduction We aimed to develop a decision aid to support shared-decision making between physicians and women with average breast cancer risk when deciding whether to participate in breast cancer screening. Methods We included women at average risk of breast cancer and physicians involved in supporting the decision of breast cancer screening from an Academic Hospital in Buenos Aires, Argentina. We followed the International Patient Decision Aid Standards to develop our decision aid. Guided by a steering group and a multidisciplinary consultancy group including a patient advocate, we reviewed the evidence about breast cancer screening and previous decision aids, explored the patients' information needs on this topic from the patients' and physicians' perspective using semi-structured interviews, and we alpha-tested the prototype to determine its usability, comprehensibility and applicability. Results We developed the first prototype of a web-based decision aid to use during the clinical encounter with women aged 40 to 69 with average breast cancer risk. After a meeting with our consultancy group, we developed a second prototype that underwent alpha-testing. Physicians and patients agreed that the tool was clear, useful and applicable during a clinical encounter. We refined our final prototype according to their feedback. Conclusion We developed the first decision aid in our region and language on this topic, developed with end-users' input and informed by the best available evidence. We expect this decision aid to help women and physicians make shared decisions during the clinical encounter when talking about breast cancer screening.
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Introdução: O mercado de procedimento estéticos cresce exponencialmente no Brasil. Tal crescimento tem despertado o interesse de várias categorias profissionais. A decisão de praticar no setor deve considerar as oportunidades de mercado da localidade na qual se pretende atuar. Entretanto, a área carece de análises comparativas documentando prováveis diferenças regionais no país. O objetivo do estudo é descrever as diferenças de mercado em procedimentos estéticos entre os estados e regiões brasileiras. Um índice de potencial consumo de cosmiatria (IPCC) é calculado para tal análise comparativa. Método: Estudo transversal envolvendo prestadores de procedimentos estéticos não cirúrgicos no Brasil. Buscas no Google®-Google Maps® foram conduzidas usando termoschave e entrevistas telefônicas realizadas para obter informações sobre categorias profissionais, tipo de provedores e serviços oferecidos. Valores preditivos positivos foram obtidos para todas as estratégias de busca e usados para estimar o número total de provedores. O tamanho da população e a renda per capita foram considerados para o cálculo dos IPCCs para os estados brasileiros. Resultados: São Paulo, Minas Gerais e Rio de Janeiro apresentaram os maiores IPCCs, sendo 524, 210 e 180, respectivamente. Roraima teve um IPCC de 14, o mais baixo do país. A Região Sudeste apresentou, em média, o maior IPCC (242) entre todas as regiões brasileiras. Conclusão: Considerando o tamanho da população e a renda, a Região Sudeste apresenta as maiores oportunidades de mercado em procedimentos estéticos não cirúrgicos no Brasil. Nossos achados podem ser de interesse para profissionais de saúde e investidores que atuam ou pretendem atuar no setor.
Introduction: The aesthetic procedure market is growing exponentially in Brazil. This growth has aroused the interest of several professional categories. The decision to practice in the sector must consider the market opportunities in the location in which you intend to operate. However, the area lacks comparative analyses documenting probable regional differences in the country. The objective of the study is to describe market differences in aesthetic procedures between Brazilian states and regions. An index of potential cosmetic consumption (IPCC) is calculated for such a comparative analysis. Method: Cross-sectional study involving providers of nonsurgical aesthetic procedures in Brazil. Searches on Google Maps® were conducted using key terms, and telephone interviews were conducted to obtain information on professional categories, types of providers, and services offered. Positive predictive values were obtained for all search strategies and used to estimate the total number of providers. Population size and per capita income were considered to calculate the IPCCs for Brazilian states. Results: São Paulo, Minas Gerais, and Rio de Janeiro presented the highest IPCCs, being 524, 210, and 180, respectively. Roraima had an IPCC of 14, the lowest in the country. The Southeast Region presented, on average, the highest IPCC (242) among all Brazilian regions. Conclusion: Considering population size and income, the Southeast Region presents the greatest market opportunities for nonsurgical aesthetic procedures in Brazil. Our findings may be of interest to healthcare professionals and investors who work or intend to work in the sector.
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Introdução: O envelhecimento facial é um processo gradual, complexo e multifatorial. É o resultado de mudanças na qualidade, volume e posicionamento dos tecidos. Cirurgiões plásticos têm modificado sua abordagem na cirurgia do rejuvenescimento facial optando pelo plano subaponeurótico (SMAS). O objetivo deste estudo é analisar 100 casos de pacientes operados pela técnica de SMAS profundo, avaliando sua aplicabilidade e eficácia. Método: Foram avaliados 100 pacientes, submetidos a cirurgia plástica facial pela técnica de SMAS profundo - "Deep Smas", e acompanhados por 6 meses. Observou-se a satisfação dos pacientes, número de complicações, número de reoperações, riscos e vantagens da técnica. Resultados: Foram operados 100 pacientes, num período de 3 anos. A idade variou de 41 a 79 anos, sendo 95% sexo feminino. As complicações foram 8 casos (8%) de lesões de ramos do nervo facial, sendo: 4 casos lesão do zigomático, 3 casos de lesão do mandibular e 1 caso de lesão do bucal; houve 1 caso (1%) de queloide retroauricular; 1 caso (1%) de hematoma. Em relação às revisões cirúrgicas, houve 8 casos (8%) de complementação cirúrgica por insatisfação das pacientes. Houve 15% de lesões nervosas entre a 1ª e a 40ª cirurgia, 5% entre a 41ª e a 80ª, e nenhuma lesão entre o 81º e o 100º paciente. Conclusão: O lifting facial profundo ou subSMAS mostrou ser efetivo, proporcionando bons resultados estéticos. Apresenta baixa taxa de recidiva e baixa taxa de morbidade, porém, necessita de uma longa curva de aprendizagem.
Introduction: Facial aging is a gradual, complex, and multifactorial process. It is the result of changes in the quality, volume, and positioning of tissues. Plastic surgeons have modified their approach to facial rejuvenation surgery, opting for the subaponeurotic plane (SMAS). The objective of this study is to analyze 100 cases of patients operated on using the deep SMAS technique, evaluating its applicability and effectiveness. Method: 100 patients were evaluated, undergoing facial plastic surgery using the deep SMAS technique - "Deep Smas", and followed up for 6 months. Patient satisfaction, number of complications, number of reoperations, risks, and advantages of the technique were observed. Results: 100 patients were operated on over 3 years. Age ranged from 41 to 79 years, with 95% being female. The complications were 8 cases (8%) of injuries to branches of the facial nerve, of which 4 cases of zygomatic injury, 3 cases of mandibular injury, and 1 case of buccal injury; there was 1 case (1%) of post-auricular keloid; 1 case (1%) of hematoma. Regarding surgical revisions, there were 8 cases (8%) of surgical completion due to patient dissatisfaction. There were 15% of nerve injuries between the 1st and 40th surgery, 5% between the 41st and 80th, and no injuries between the 81st and 100th patient. Conclusion: Deep facial lifting or subSMAS has proven to be effective, providing good aesthetic results. It has a low recurrence rate and low morbidity rate; however, it requires a long learning curve.
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So far， there are still no specific treatment methods for severe hepatitis and liver failure， resulting in a mortality rate of over 70%， and they are the difficulties in the treatment of critical illness in China and globally. Liver transplantation is currently the most effective treatment method for end-stage liver disease， but only 1% — 2% of patients can receive the opportunity for organ transplantation. The bioartificial liver support system utilizes external mechanical， physical， and biological devices to remove various harmful substances accumulated in the patient’s body， compensate for the metabolic functions of the liver， supplement necessary substances， improve internal environment， promote the recovery of liver function， help patients get through the critical period， and save time for liver transplantation， and therefore， it is considered one of the important methods for the treatment of end-stage liver disease. Since hepatocytes are the core element of bioartificial liver， this article summarizes the sources of liver seed cells， 3D culture methods， and corresponding bioreactor culture systems and hopes to gradually solve the core issue of large-scale in vitro preparation of hepatocytes to obtain hepatocytes with adequate quantity and quality， which urgently needs to be addressed in clinical application.
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@#Hemodynamics plays a vital role in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases, and is closely associated with changes in morphology and function. Reliable detection of hemodynamic changes is essential to improve treatment strategies and enhance patient prognosis. The combination of computational fluid dynamics with cardiovascular imaging technology has extended the accessibility of hemodynamics. This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent developments in the application of computational fluid dynamics for cardiovascular hemodynamic assessment and a succinct discussion for potential future development.
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Objective@#To explore the effects of community building environment and sports with fitness APP usage and their interactions on teachers exercise habits in the Yangtze River Delta Region, so as to provide a scientific basis for the development of a sports and health promotion intervention program for teachers.@*Methods@#A total of 2 530 in service teachers from four provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Delta region, namely, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Anhui Province, were sampled in May-June 2023 by using convenient cluster random sampling method. Self designed questionnaire was used to collect the basic information of the surveyed teachers, Physical Activity Building Environment Evaluation Questionnaire and the Sports with Fitness APP Usage Questionnaire were used to measure the teachers subjective perception of the community building environment and the usage of sports with fitness APP, respectively. Physical Exercise Habituation Scale was used to assess the level of exercise habits. Logistic regression models were applied to analyze the effects of community building environment and sports with fitness APP usage on physical exercise, and the interaction effects were analyzed by using additive and multiplicative models.@*Results@#Among all the teachers surveyed, 658 of them reported good physical exercise habits (26.0%), and differences in the rate of physical activity habit formation by gender, age, years of teaching, as well as subject of teaching were statistically significant ( χ 2=42.94, 39.73, 35.47, 218.23 , P <0.05). Teachers with physical exercise habits had significantly higher community building environment scores and sports and fitness APP use than teachers without exercise habits ( t =12.17,16.54, P <0.05). Adjusting for the confounders of age, gender, years of teaching experience, and subjects taught, multifactorial unconditional Logistic regression analysis showed that the probability of teachers having good physical exercise habits increased by 22% for every 1-point increase in the community building environment score on average ( OR =1.22, 95% CI =1.11-1.40), and the probability of teachers having good physical exercise habits increased by 16% for every 1-point increase in the sports with fitness APP score on average ( OR = 1.16 , 95% CI =1.03-1.31) ( P <0.05). Interaction analyses showed that there was an additive interaction between the effects of community building environment and sports and fitness APP use on teachers physical exercise habits after adjustment, and the 95% CI for RERI , API and SI were 1.17 -1.65, 0.12-0.46 and 1.78-3.33 ( P <0.05), respectively, and there was no multiplicative interaction ( P >0.05).@*Conclusions@#The community building environment and the usage of sports & fitness APP show impacts in the formation of teachers physical exercise habits in the Yangtze River Delta region, and there is an interaction effect. Enhancing the construction of smart sports centers around the community can provide a high quality external environment for the physical exercise habits formation.
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Objective@#To explore the intervention effect of different intensity of classroom physical exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function of Tibetan first grade students at high altitude, so as to provide reference for improving the level of cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function of Tibetan adolescents.@*Methods@#From September to December 2020, 184 Tibetan students from five first grade classes in a middle school in Lhasa, Tibet, were randomly assigned into a control group (81 students in two classes) and an intervention group (103 students in three classes). Both groups followed the same teaching programme, but the intervention group received 36 sessions of moderate to high intensity classroom physical activity, one session per day, Monday,Wednesday and Friday, for 12 weeks. Before and after the intervention, cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function were tested by 20m round trip running and Flanker s experimental paradigm, 2-back s experimental paradigm, and More odd shifting experimental paradigm for inhibitory control, refreshing memory, and switching flexibility, and the results were analysed by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to compare the results of the pre and post intervention periods.@*Results@#The maximum oxygen uptake (VO 2max ) of Tibetan first grade students in the intervention group increased by 2.25 mL/(kg〖WW）〗·〖WW(〗min) compared with the control group after the intervention ( t =-3.89, P <0.01); the response time of the inhibitory function was reduced by 4.40 ms, that of the refreshing function by 196.06 ms, and that of the switching function by 92.72 ms in the intervention group compared with the control group ( t =2.98, 4.82 ,3.21, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The 12 week moderate to high intensity classroom physical activity intervention has different degrees of improvement effects on cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function in Tibetan adolescents.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the value of two-dimensional shear wave elastography （2D-SWE） or serological models used alone or in combination in determining the stage of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 327 patients with chronic hepatitis B who were admitted to Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University from August 2020 to August 2022 and underwent 2D-SWE and liver histopathological examination， including sex， age， serological markers， and 2D-SWE results. According to the degree of liver fibrosis， they were divided into S0-S1， S≥2， S≥3， and S=4 groups， and the serological models were calculated based on serological markers. A Spearman correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation of 2D-SWE and serological models with liver fibrosis stage； the receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted with the results of liver histopathology as the standard to compare the efficiency of each parameter used alone or in combination in determining the stage of liver fibrosis； the Delong test was used to investigate the difference between different methods. ResultsLiver stiffness measurement measured by 2D-SWE was strongly correlated with the stage of liver fibrosis （r=0.741， P<0.001）， and as for the serological model， six markers （APRI， FIB-4， GPR， GP， RPR， and S index）， other than AAR， were positively correlated with the stage of liver fibrosis （all P<0.001）. 2D-SWE had an area under the ROC curve （AUC） of 0.878， 0.932， and 0.942， respectively， in the diagnosis of S≥2， S≥3， and S=4 liver fibrosis （all P<0.001）， with an optimal cut-off value of 6.9 kPa， 7.9 kPa， and 9.4 kPa， respectively. Among the serological models， APRI had the largest AUC of 0.788 and 0.875， respectively， in the diagnosis of S≥2 and S=4 liver fibrosis， and S index had the largest AUC of 0.846 in the diagnosis of S≥3 liver fibrosis. In the diagnosis of S≥2， S≥3， and S=4 liver fibrosis， 2D-SWE combined with APRI increased the AUC values to 0.887， 0.938， and 0.950， respectively， and 2D-SWE combined with S index increased the AUC values to 0.879， 0.935， and 0.941， respectively， while there were no significant differences between 2D-SWE and the above combinations （P>0.05）. Conclusion2D-SWE has a better diagnostic efficacy than the above seven serological models in determining liver fibrosis stage. The serological models have a certain diagnostic value， among which APRI and S index have a relatively high diagnostic value. There is no significant difference between 2D-SWE and 2D-SWE combined with serological models， and such combinations cannot significantly improve diagnostic efficiency. Therefore， further studies are needed to explore new combinations of diagnostic methods.
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@#Magnetic fields are safe and used in noninvasive physical therapies. Numerous studies have confirmed that magnetic fields have good osteogenic effects and certain value for clinical application in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement, promoting bone-implant integration, promoting fracture healing and improving the effects of distraction osteogenesis. Magnetic fields are expected to become applied as effective auxiliary methods for treating oral diseases. To support the clinical application of magnetic fields, this article reviews the applications of magnetic fields in the oral cavity, the biological effects on bone cells and the molecular mechanisms through which magnetic fields regulate bone metabolism. The biological effects of magnetic fields on bone cells include promoting osteogenesis by osteoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells and inhibiting bone resorption by osteoclasts. At the molecular level, bone cells sense and respond to magnetic stimulation, and through various mechanisms, such as displacement currents, Lorentz forces, and free radical pair effects, stimuli are transformed into biologically recognizable electrical signals that activate complex downstream signaling pathways, such as the P2 purinergic receptor signaling pathway, adenosine receptor signaling pathway, transforming growth factor-β receptor signaling pathway, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, and Notch pathway. In addition, magnetic parameters, which are the factors affecting the osteogenic effects of magnetic fields, are discussed. However, the mechanisms of the osteogenic effects of magnetic fields are unclear, and further studies of these mechanisms could provide effective strategies for bone regeneration and periodontal tissue regeneration. In addition, considering the target of magnetic field therapies, combination with other drugs could lead to new strategies for the treatment of oral diseases.
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Objective@#To explore the roles of self efficacy and smoking rationalization tendency in the relationship between college students physical activity and smoking cessation beliefs, in order to provide a basis for the positive effects of college students physical activity on smoking cessation beliefs.@*Methods@#From May 6 to 23 in 2023, 3 048 students from 10 colleges in Jiangxi Province were recruited and surveyed using the Physical Activity Participation Scale, the Smoking Cessation Self efficacy Scale, the Smoking Rationalization Tendency Scale and the Smoking Cessation Belief Scale. The Harman one way test was adopted for common method bias test. Bias correction was unfolded by Bootstrap method, and 95% confidence intervals of parameter estimates were analyzed using repeated sampling 5 000 times.@*Results@#The results of the sequential mediation model analysis showed that physical activity was positively associated with college students beliefs about smoking cessation ( β =0.17), and physical activity, self efficacy and smoking rationalization tendency were positively associated with each other ( β =0.41, 0.08, 0.19) ( P <0.05). Both self efficacy and smoking rationalization tendency positively predicted smoking cessation beliefs ( β =0.19, 0.17, P <0.01). Self efficacy and smoking rationalization tendency mediated the relationship between physical activity and smoking cessation beliefs, with a mediating effect value of 0.09, accounting for 62.82% of the total effect value (0.15).@*Conclusions@#Self efficacy and smoking rationalization tendency have a serial mediating effect between physical activity and smoking cessation beliefs among college students. Interventions should be actively used to enhance college students beliefs about smoking cessation, promote smoking cessation behaviors.
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ABSTRACT Purpose: The possible variability in diagnostic test results is a statistical feature of dry eye disease patients. The clinician should consider tear film variations over time since the timing of tear film measurements is important for proper diagnosis. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the inter-week variation of osmolarity measurement in healthy and dry eye disease participants. Methods: Based on the Dry Eye Workshop II (DEWS-II) diagnostic methodology report criteria, a battery of tests (Ocular Surface Disease Index [OSDI] questionnaire, breakup time, and corneal staining) was administered to rule out the presence of dry eye disease. A total of 40 qualified volunteers were recruited into two groups: with only 20 healthy and 20 dry eye disease participants. The inter-week variation of osmolarity in the two groups was measured using a TearLab osmometer in two sessions one-week apart. The differences between the results were calculated. Results: There were no significant differences in osmolarity between the two sessions for either the healthy (paired t-test; p=0.085) or dry eye disease (paired t-test; p=0.093) participants. Moreover, there was no significant correlation between the means and differences in either session on healthy (Pearson correlation: r=0.020; p=0.935) or dry eye disease (Pearson correlation: r=-0.022; p=0.928) participants. In session 1, there was a significant difference in osmolarity values between groups (unpaired t-test; p=0.001), but no difference was found in session 2 (unpaired t-test; p=0.292). Conclusions: The present study discovered no inter-week variation in the tear film osmolarity of healthy and dry eye disease participants classified based on the DEWS-II criteria.
RESUMO Objetivo: A possível variabilidade nos resultados de testes diagnósticos é uma característica estatística dos pacientes com síndrome do olho seco. O médico deve considerar as variações do filme lacrimal ao longo do tempo, pois o momento em que o filme lacrimal é medido pode ser crítico para o diagnóstico adequado. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a variação semanal da osmolaridade do filme lacrimal em participantes saudáveis e em outros com síndrome do olho seco. Métodos: Com base nos critérios da metodologia de diagnóstico do relatório da Dry Eye Workshop II (DEWSII), foi aplicada uma bateria de testes (questionário do índice de doença da superfície ocular [OSDI], tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal e coloração da córnea) para descartar a presença de síndrome do olho seco. Um total de 40 voluntários qualificados foi recrutado e distribuído em dois grupos de 20 participantes saudáveis e 20 participantes com síndrome do olho seco. A variação da osmolaridade entre semanas foi medida com um osmômetro TearLab em duas sessões com uma semana de intervalo nos dois grupos. As diferenças entre os resultados foram então calculadas. Resultados: Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas na osmolaridade entre as medidas obtidas nas duas sessões, nem no grupo de participantes saudáveis (teste de t pareado; p=0,085), nem no de participantes com síndrome do olho seco (teste de t pareado; p=0,093). Não foi detectada nenhuma correlação significativa entre as médias e diferenças entre as duas sessões entre participantes saudáveis (correlação de Pearson: r=0,020, p=0,935) e aqueles com síndrome do olho seco (correlação Pearson: r=-0,022, p=0,928). Foi encontrada uma diferença significativa nos valores de osmolaridade entre os dois grupos na primeira sessão (teste de t não pareado; p=0,001), mas nenhuma diferença foi encontrada na segunda sessão (teste de t não pareado; p=0,292). Conclusões: O presente estudo não encontrou variação entre semanas consecutivas na osmolaridade do filme lacrimal em participantes saudáveis e com síndrome do olho seco, classificados com base nos critérios do DEWSII.
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ABSTRACT Purpose: Dry eye disease is a multifactorial disease that is very common in clinical ophthalmic practice. The use of validated dry eye questionnaires makes it possible to screen this disease in the general population and assess the prevalence of symptoms and frequency of diagnosis, allowing early and appropriate treatment for this condition. The 5-Item Dry Eye Questionnaire (DEQ-5) is a tool that is used to assess the frequency and intensity of ocular discomfort and dryness and the frequency of tearing, which has already been validated in English and Spanish, but not in Portuguese. The aim of this study is to translate and validate the DEQ-5 to Portuguese. Methods: The DEQ-5 was used, consisting of five simple and direct questions: two questions for ocular discomfort, two for ocular dryness, and one for tearing. The initial translation of the English version of the questionnaire into Portuguese was conducted by two Portuguese native-speaking translators, followed by an evaluation and compilation of a single version by an interdisciplinary committee of the translated versions. Furthermore, this version was translated back into English by two individuals whose first language was English, followed by the evaluation and comparison with the original version in English by the same interdisciplinary committee. Afterwards, the final version of the questionnaire was administered to 31 volunteers at two different times. Results: The interobserver reliability of the five questions ranged from 0.584-0.813, and the Pearson correlation from 0.755-0.935, with a p-value of <0.0001. Internal consistency was α=0.887. All questions had moderate to high agreement. Conclusions: The statistical analysis of the collected data found excellent concordance rates (moderate to high for all analyzed questions), allowing the use of the Portuguese version of DEQ-5 in research as a screening test for dry eye disease and tool used to monitor the symptoms.
RESUMO Ojetivos: O olho seco é uma doença multifatorial, muito comum na prática clínica oftalmológica. A utilização de questionários validados de sintomas de olho seco permite rastrear de maneira mais objetiva essa doença na população geral, avaliar a prevalência dos sintomas e frequência de diagnóstico, permitindo o tratamento precoce e adequado dessa condição. O 5-Item Dry Eye Questionnaire (DEQ-5) é um questionário em inglês que avalia a frequência e a intensidade do desconforto e ressecamento ocular e a frequência do lacrimejamento, já validado no inglês e espanhol, porém não no português até o presente momento. O objetivo deste estudo foi traduzir e validar o questionário DEQ-5 para a língua portuguesa. Métodos: Foi utilizado o questionário DEQ-5, composto por 5 perguntas simples e diretas - 2 relacionadas ao desconforto ocular, 2 ao ressecamento ocular e 1 ao lacrimejamento. Foi realizada a tradução inicial da versão em inglês para o português por dois tradutores de língua materna portuguesa, seguido de uma avaliação e compilação de uma versão única por um comitê interdisciplinar das versões traduzidas. Em seguida, tal versão foi traduzida de volta para o inglês por 2 indivíduos que possuíam o inglês como primeira língua, seguido de avaliação e comparação com a versão original em língua inglesa pelo mesmo comitê interdisciplinar. Após, a versão final do questionário foi aplicada em 31 voluntários em dois momentos differentes. Resultados: A confiabilidade interobservador das 5 perguntas variou de 0,584-0,813 e a correlação de Pearson de 0.755-0.935, sendo o p-valor <0,0001 em todas elas. A consistência interna foi α=0,887. Todas as perguntas apresentaram concordância de moderada a alta. Conclusões: A análise estatística dos dados coletados encontrou ótimos índices de concordância - moderada a alta para todas as questões analisadas -, permitindo o uso do DEQ-5 na língua portuguesa em pesquisas e também como forma de triagem para doença de olho seco e acompanhamento dos sintomas.
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ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare the differences between the apparent and actual chord μ. Methods: In this prospective, comparative, non-randomized, and non-interventional study, imaging examinations using Pentacam and the HD Analyzer were performed in the same room under the same scotopic conditions. The inclusion criteria were patients aged 21-71 years, able to provide informed consent, myopia up to 4D, and anterior topographic astigmatism up to 1D. Patients using contact lenses, those with previous eye diseases or surgeries, corneal opacities, corneal tomographic changes, or suspected keratoconus were excluded. Results: Altogether, 116 eyes of 58 patients were analyzed. The patients' mean age was 30.69 (±7.85) years. In the correlation analyses, Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.647 indicates a moderate positive linear relationship between apparent and actual chord μ. The mean actual and apparent chord μ were 226.21 ± 128.53 and 278.66 ± 123.90 μm, respectively, with a mean difference of 52.45 μm (p=0.01). The analysis of mean pupillary diameter resulted in 5.76 mm using the HD Analyzer and 3.31 mm using the Pentacam. Conclusions: We found a correlation between the two measurement devices, and even though we found considerable differences, both can be used in daily practice. Given their differences, we should respect their peculiarities as well.
RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar as diferenças entre a chord aparente μ e o chord real μ. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo, comparativo, não randomizado e não intervencionista. Os exames de imagem (Pentacam e HD Analyzer) foram realizados na mesma sala e nas mesmas condições escotópicas. Os critérios de inclusão foram idade de 21 a 71 anos; compreensão do termo de consentimento; miopia até 4D e astigmatismo topográfico anterior até 1D. Os critérios de exclusão foram usuários de lentes de contato; pacientes com doenças oculares prévias ou cirurgias; opacidades da córnea; a presença de alterações tomográficas da córnea ou suspeita de ceratocone. Resultados: Em nosso estudo foram analisados 116 olhos de 58 pacientes. A média de idade foi de 30,69 anos (± 7,85). Análises de correlação foram desenvolvidas e o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson (0,647) indica uma relação linear positiva moderada entre as variáveis. A média do chord μ real foi 226,21 ± 128,53 μm e a média do chord μ média foi 278,66 ± 123,90 μm, com diferença média de 52,45 μm (p=0,01). A análise do diâmetro pupilar médio apresentou: 5,76mm no HD Analyzer e 3,31mm no Pentacam. Conclusões: Entendemos a existência de uma diferença significativa entre os métodos e assim a medida de ambos os dispositivos com base em princípios diferentes devemos respeitar suas peculiaridades. Como encontramos correlação entre as duas medidas, acreditamos que ambas podem ser utilizadas na prática diária.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To develop a rapid method for analysing polyphenols, which are potentially active antioxidants against neonatal oxidative stress, from small human milk (HM) volumes. Methods: Acid and alkaline extractions were compared using two dyes: Folin-Ciocalteu and Fast Blue BB. Linearity, sensitivity, recovery percentage, polyphenol content, precision, and stability were assessed in 14 HM samples and compared using the Kruskal-Wallis H test (p<0.05). The best technique was applied to 284 HM samples to determine their polyphenolic content and its association with maternal diet by multifactorial linear regression. Results: Acidic extraction successfully recovered the gallic acid reference standard, whereas alkaline extraction overestimated it. Calibration curves for all methods were linear (R2>0.96) up to 500 mg/L. All bicarbonate-based Folin-Ciocalteu methods assayed were stable and repeatable, whereas Fast Blue BB-based variants were not. HM polyphenols (mean=94.68 mg/L) positively correlated to the dietary intake of hydroxycinnamic acids, the most consumed polyphenolic family in this population. Conclusions: A bicarbonate-based Folin-Ciocalteu micromethod allowed the accurate determination of polyphenols in HM, which might be useful for translational research settings and HM banks.
RESUMO Objetivo: Desenvolver um método rápido para analisar polifenóis, que são antioxidantes potencialmente ativos contra o estresse oxidativo neonatal, em pequenos volumes de leite humano (LH). Métodos: Foram comparadas extrações ácidas e alcalinas usando dois corantes: Folin-Ciocalteu e Fast Blue BB. Foram avaliadas variáveis como linearidade, sensibilidade, percentagem de recuperação, teor de polifenóis, precisão e estabilidade em 14 amostras de LH, comparadas usando o teste de Kruskal-Wallis H (p<0,05). A melhor técnica foi aplicada a 284 amostras de LH para determinar seu teor polifenólico e sua associação com a dieta materna por regressão linear multifatorial. Resultados: A extração ácida recuperou com sucesso o padrão de referência do ácido gálico, enquanto a extração alcalina o superestimou. As curvas de calibração para todos os métodos foram lineares (R2>0,96) até os 500 mg/L. Todos os métodos testados baseados em Folin-Ciocalteu com bicarbonato foram estáveis e repetíveis, enquanto as variantes baseadas em Fast Blue BB não. Os polifenóis do HM (média=94,68 mg/L) correlacionaram-se positivamente com a ingestão dietética de ácidos hidroxicinâmicos, a família de polifenóis mais consumida nesta população. Conclusões: Um micrométodo baseado em bicarbonato de Folin-Ciocalteu permitiu a determinação precisa de polifenóis no HM, o que pode ser útil para configurações de pesquisa translacional e bancos de HM.
ABSTRACT
A insuficiência cardíaca aguda (ICA) é uma das causas mais comuns de internação hospitalar, associada a um alto risco de mortalidade. O tratamento atual é principalmente sintomático, sendo os exames laboratoriais realizados, a fim de complementar a avaliação clínica no diagnóstico e auxiliar no estabelecimento do perfil de risco admissional e prognóstico. Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar o perfil clínico, farmacoterapêutico e laboratorial de pacientes internados com insuficiência cardíaca aguda em hospital referência regional. Trata-se de um estudo transversal retrospectivo, descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa. Os participantes do estudo foram aqueles com alta médica por ICA pela classificação Internacional de Doenças (CID-10), admitidos na sala de emergência. Excluindo-se a participação de pacientes com tempo de internação inferior a 24 horas, menores de 18 anos. Para análise estatística foi usado o programa SPSS versão 21.0. Quanto ao perfil farmacoterapêutico, os medicamentos mais frequentes foram os que atuam no aparelho cardiovascular e aparelho digestivo e metabolismo, sendo a furosemida o fármaco mais frequente. A análise entre as alterações laboratoriais e a escala de ADHERE, revelou diferença estatística significativa entre os pacientes com risco baixo e risco intermediário/alto nos valores de hemoglobina (p=0,005), TGO (p=0,001), creatinina (p=0,000), ureia (p=0,000), potássio (p=0,004), TTPA (p=0,004) e RNI (p=0,021). Concluiu-se que os medicamentos frequentemente corresponderam ao tratamento recomendado no manejo inicial de pacientes com ICA. O risco de mortalidade intra-hospitalar intermediário/alto de acordo com a escala de ADHERE estavam associados com alterações laboratoriais dos pacientes com ICA.
Acute heart failure (AHF) is one of the most common causes of hospitalization, associated with a high risk of mortality. The current treatment is mainly symptomatic, and laboratory tests are carried out in order to complement the clinical evaluation in the diagnosis and help in establishing the admission and prognostic risk profile. This study aimed to characterize the clinical, pharmacotherapeutic and laboratory profile of patients hospitalized with acute heart failure in a regional reference hospital. This is a retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. Study participants were those discharged due to AHF according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), admitted to the emergency room. Excluding the participation of patients with hospitalization time of less than 24 hours, under 18 years old. For statistical analysis, SPSS version 21.0 was used. As for the pharmacotherapeutic profile, the most frequent drugs were those that act on the cardiovascular and digestive systems and metabolism, with furosemide being the most frequent drug. The analysis between laboratory changes and the ADHERE scale revealed a statistically significant difference between patients at low risk and intermediate/high risk in hemoglobin (p=0.005), TGO (p=0.001), creatinine (p=0.000) values, urea (p=0.000), potassium (p=0.004), APTT (p=0.004) and INR (p=0.021). It was concluded that the medications often corresponded to the recommended treatment in the initial management of patients with AHF. Intermediate/high risk of in-hospital mortality according to the ADHERE scale were associated with laboratory alterations in patients with AHF.
La insuficiencia cardiaca aguda (ICA) es una de las causas más frecuentes de hospitalización, asociada a un alto riesgo de mortalidad. El tratamiento actual es principalmente sintomático y se realizan pruebas de laboratorio para complementar la evaluación clínica en el diagnóstico y ayudar a establecer el perfil de riesgo de ingreso y pronóstico. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar el perfil clínico, farmacoterapéutico y de laboratorio de pacientes hospitalizados con insuficiencia cardíaca aguda en un hospital regional de referencia. Se trata de un estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, transversal con enfoque cuantitativo. Los participantes del estudio fueron los dados de alta por ICA según la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades (CIE-10), ingresados en urgencias. Se excluye la participación de pacientes con tiempo de hospitalización menor a 24 horas, menores de 18 años. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó SPSS versión 21.0. En cuanto al perfil farmacoterapéutico, los fármacos más frecuentes fueron los que actúan sobre los sistemas cardiovascular, digestivo y el metabolismo, siendo la furosemida el fármaco más frecuente. El análisis entre los cambios de laboratorio y la escala ADHERE reveló una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los pacientes de riesgo bajo e intermedio/alto en los valores de hemoglobina (p=0,005), TGO (p=0,001), creatinina (p=0,000), urea (p =0,000), potasio (p=0,004), APTT (p=0,004) e INR (p=0,021). Se concluyó que los medicamentos correspondían muchas veces al tratamiento recomendado en el manejo inicial de pacientes con ICA. El riesgo intermedio/alto de mortalidad hospitalaria según la escala ADHERE se asoció con alteraciones de laboratorio en pacientes con ICA.
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ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES To evaluate the performance of geneXpert MTB/Rif versus conventional methods (bacilloscopy and culture) in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in a Central Public Health Laboratory (LACEN, Tocantins), Northern Brazil. METHODS Retrospective study, with information from 1,973 suspected cases of tuberculosis from patients treated from January 2015 to December 2020. RESULTS From the culture (reference standard), the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of the geneXpert MTB/Rif were 100%, 97%, 74%, 100%, and 97%, respectively, against 85%, 98%, 80%, 98%, and 97% of bacilloscopy. CONCLUSIONS The geneXpert MTB/Rif performed similarly to culture and better than bacilloscopy. Although positive cases with negative culture should be evaluated with caution, its routine use is important for the early detection of tuberculosis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Tuberculosis , Clinical Laboratory Techniques , Mycobacterium tuberculosisABSTRACT
Purpose: We aimed to reveal the effects of rosmarinic acid (RA), which has come to the forefront with its antitumor and antioxidant properties in many studies recently in the ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line, on the epidermal growth factor receptor (EFGR) signaling pathway in the presence of doxorubicin (DOX). Methods: Ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line (OVCAR3) and human skin keratinocyte cell line human skin keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) were used as control. (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test was applied to determine the effect of RA and DOX on the proliferation of OVCAR3 and HaCaT cells. Bcl2 expression and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and western blot analysis were performed to determine the expression levels of the markers. Results: It was determined that RA (IC50 = 437.6 µM) and DOX (IC50 = 0.08 µM) have the ability to inhibit the proliferation of OVCAR3 cells and induce apoptosis in a 72-hour time and dose-dependent manner. Western blot showed that the expression level of Bcl-2 and EGFR in OVCAR3 cells was down-regulated by RA and DOX. Conclusions: Apoptosis in OVCAR3 cells can potentially be induced by RA via the EGFR pathway, and RA may be a potent agent for cancer therapy.
Subject(s)
Ovarian Neoplasms , Adenocarcinoma , Doxorubicin/administration & dosage , ErbB ReceptorsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and clinical outcomes of a one-way fluid-air exchange procedure for the treatment of postvitrectomy diabetic vitreous hemorrhage in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Methods: This retrospective study included 233 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, who underwent vitrectomy. A one-way fluid-air exchange procedure was performed in 24 eyes of 24 (10.30%) patients with persistent vitreous cavity rebleeding after the operation. Preprocedural and postprocedural best-corrected visual acuity values were achieved. Complications occurring during and after the procedure were analyzed. Results: Significant visual improvement was observed 1 month after the one-way fluid-air exchange procedure (2.62 ± 0.60 LogMAR at baseline vs. 0.85 ± 0.94 LogMAR at postprocedure, p<0.0001). Moreover, 19 (79.17%) eyes needed the procedure once, and 5 (20.83%) eyed had the procedure more than twice. In 3 (12.50%) eyes, reoperation was eventually required because of persistent rebleeding despite several fluid-air exchanges. No complication was observed during the follow-up. Conclusions: The one-way fluid-air exchange procedure can be an excellent alternative to re-vitrectomy for patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy suffering from postvitrectomy diabetic vitreous hemorrhage by removing the hemorrhagic contents directly and achieving fast recovery of visual function without apparent complications.
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Introdução: As técnicas microcirúrgicas caracterizam-se pela aplicação de manobras e suturas em estruturas milimétricas com o auxílio de lentes de aumento. São técnicas complexas, utilizadas em diversas especialidades médicas, que demandam grande habilidade e treinamento antes da aplicação em humanos. O objetivo é desenvolver um modelo de baixo custo e alta fidelidade, para o treinamento de técnicas de microcirurgia, utilizando um fragmento de patch de pericárdio bovino. Método: São utilizados para a confecção deste modelo segmentos remanescentes de uma placa de pericárdio bovino, previamente utilizado em reparos vasculares. O material é recortado em duas partes simétricas e suas extremidades fixadas aos campos cirúrgicos, com auxílio de clamps. A borda superior de cada uma das partes é, então, suturada à borda inferior com fio de Prolene 8-0, de maneira que cada uma forme uma estrutura tubular. Posteriormente, as extremidades tubulares livres passam pela dissecção da camada adventícia e são suturadas entre si, mimetizando uma anastomose vascular término-terminal. Resultados: Com o modelo, simulam-se os mesmos inconvenientes/ dificuldades presentes nas suturas vasculares humanas, como a delaminação de camadas, excesso da camada adventícia e risco de sutura inadvertida da parede posterior, provando sua utilidade na aquisição de habilidades microcirúrgicas básicas, sem necessidade de manipulação de tecidos humanos ou animais. A prática neste modelo pode ocorrer dentro do próprio centro cirúrgico e emprega materiais que seriam descartados. Conclusão: A utilização do pericárdio bovino para confecção de suturas milimétricas mimetiza o tecido vascular humano e é um procedimento de baixo custo, que possibilita o treinamento de habilidades microcirúrgicas.
Introduction: Microsurgical techniques are characterized by the application of maneuvers and sutures to millimetric structures with the aid of magnifying lenses. These are complex techniques, used in various medical specialties, which require great skill and training before applying them to humans. The objective is to develop a lowcost and high-fidelity model for training microsurgery techniques using a fragment of bovine pericardium patch. Method: Remaining segments of a bovine pericardium plate, previously used in vascular repairs, are used to create this model. The material is cut into two symmetrical parts, and its ends are fixed to the surgical drapes with the aid of clamps. The upper edge of each part is then sutured to the lower edge with 8-0 Prolene thread so that each one forms a tubular structure. Subsequently, the free tubular ends undergo dissection of the adventitial layer and are sutured together, mimicking an end-to-end vascular anastomosis. Results: With the model, the same inconveniences/ difficulties present in human vascular sutures are simulated, such as delamination of layers, excess of the adventitial layer, and risk of inadvertent suturing of the posterior wall, proving its usefulness in the acquisition of basic microsurgical skills, without need to manipulate human or animal tissues. Practice in this model can take place within the surgical center itself and uses materials that would otherwise be discarded. Conclusion: The use of bovine pericardium to create millimetric sutures mimics human vascular tissue and is a low-cost procedure that allows the training of microsurgical skills.