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Objective:To analyze the patent development status of 13 general hospitals in Beijing, for reference in promoting the management and translation of intellectual property rights of public hospitals.Methods:13 tertiary general hospitals in Beijing as one of the top 100 hospitals in China in terms of science and technology evaluaton metrics in 2020 were selected as the research subjects. The patent application and authorization information of 13 hospitals was retrieved from the IncoPat technology innovation intelligence platform, during the period from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2021. The patent application and authorization status, international patent classification distribution, inventor information, patent validity, and registration of patent transfer were analyzed.Results:The numbers of patent applications and authorizations from 13 hospitals increased from 123 and 13 in 2012 to 2 053 and 2 368 in 2021, respectively. From 2012 to 2021, 13 hospital applied for 10 050 patents and authorized 6 896 patents, including 906 authorized invention patents, 5 863 utility model patents, and 127 appearance design patents. Valid patents amounted to 5 925, accounting for 85.92%, and valid authorized invention patents amounted to 796, accounting for 13.43%. 110 of these patents were transferred or licensed, accounting for 1.60% of the authorized patents.Conclusions:Aapplied and authorizated patents were rising year by year, but the ratios of invention patents and patient translation remained at a low level. The author suggestted that hospitals should highlight the value orientation of patents, strengthen-industry-academia-research cooperation, establish a professional management team and standardized management system for intellectual property, cultivate high-value patents, conduct pre patent application evaluation and screening, and improve patent conversion and technological innovation capabilities.
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Objective:To explore the collaborative innovation development mechanism of hospitals and research institutes, fully integrate the institute personnel with hospitals, and conduct classified management and performance appraisal, promoting the integrated development of hospitals and research institutes.Methods:The idea of personnel classification, the establishment of an integrated research team, and technical team groupings and service directions were determined through key informant interviews, research ability and technical strength surveys, and other research methods; The performance appraisal scheme of research teams were established by using literature analysis and optimization and Delphi expert investigation; The platform team assessment programs were established by qualitative research methods.Results:Built a position setting framework for research institutes, formed hospital-institute integrated research teams around the hospital's clinical advantageous disciplines with researchers and clinical staff, set up platform teams based on existing equipment and technicians′ specialties, established a performance appraisal scheme for research teams based on Science and Technology Evaluation Metrics(STEM), determined a full-dimensional comprehensive performance evaluation scheme for the technology platforms based on service volume and quality.Conclusions:This study formulated a set of position setting and performance evaluation schemes that fit with the current situation of municipal research institutes, and explored a new scientific research cooperation mechanism of resource sharing, team co-construction, and technology sharing, which can provide a certain reference value for the reform of other medical research institutes.
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Objective:To build and optimize the academic performance evaluation system and process of medical colleges, and to provide reference and support for the construction of "double first-class" medical colleges.Methods:Based on CIPP model (context, evaluation, input evaluation, process evaluation and product evaluation), this paper studied the evaluation method of "double first-class" university academic performance analysis, constructed the evaluation model of medical colleges academic performance from four elements of reflecting the background, input, process and results of academic research activities, established the evaluation process, and selected 10 universities for empirical research.Results:The comprehensive weight was obtained by entropy weight method and expert scoring method. The relative proximity between each evaluation object and the optimal scheme was calculated by technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) method, and the comprehensive calculation value of academic performance level of each university was obtained.Conclusion:The construction of academic performance evaluation system of universities based on CIPP model and entropy weight TOPSIS method is an effective discussion and expanding research on academic evaluation of colleges, and can provide references for the analysis of academic performance with medical characteristics.
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Objective:To explore the scientific and technological innovation environment faced by hospitals in the context of great health, and the measures to promote the sustainable development of the independent innovation capacity of the third class hospitals.Methods:Combined with the development trend of scientific and technological innovation in the new era, this paper illustrates the practice of using existing resources to improve the level of clinical diagnosis and treatment technology and release the vitality of scientific and technological innovation, and puts forward some thoughts and suggestions for the work in combination with practice.Results:According to the measurements of " platform building, talent supporting and mechanism development" , the hospital integrated its internal resources, strengthened the integrated development of clinical disciplines within the platform resources, and strengthened the construction of hospital innovation connotation and the improvement of scientific research strength in many aspects.Conclusions:It is suggested to further clarify the development mode and direction of discipline innovation, continue to expand the construction of full-time scientific research teams, broaden and deepen the construction of public platforms, improve the multi-dimensional evaluation mechanism, and promote the establishment of a sustainable development system of scientific and technological innovation.
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The paper is to explore how to carry out post-market technical evaluation of dietary supplements in China by referring to the experiences at home and abroad. Experiences of major countries and regions in the post-market evaluation of similar products of dietary supplements and China’s experience in drugs were systematically reviewed. Combined with the actual situation of the health food industry in China， suggestions were put forward for the post-market technical evaluation of health foods in China. There are many useful experiences worth learning from， such as the mandatory reporting responsibility of enterprises in the United States， a special scientific committee which provides long-term technical support in the European Union， post-market monitoring by enterprises in Australia， the establishment of relevant monitoring systems in Taiwan， the relatively mature regulatory system， evaluation system and management system in the field of drugs and medical devices， and the establishment of adverse reaction monitoring bases in the field of cosmetics， the responsibility of post-mark adverse reaction monitoring of food for special medical purposes by medical institutions， and the post-market management in various fields giving priority to safety. In combination with the current situation of China’s health food industry， five specific suggestions， such as promoting the construction of laws and regulations， are put forward.
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Objective:To comprehensively evaluate the scientific and technological innovation capability and efficiency of hospitals and provide references for effectively promoting their high-quality development in scientific innovation.Methods:The indexes of 69 tertiary public general hospitals were collected in 2018. The science and technology innovation capability of these hospitals was evaluated using science and technology evaluation metrics(STEM), while their science and technology innovation efficiency was evaluated using the super-efficiency data envelopment analysis model. Then the matching relation of the two dimensions was analyzed, with outstanding hospitals identified using the skyline algorithm.Results:The STEM and science/technology innovation efficiency of 69 tertiary public hospitals averaged 29.61 and 0.960 respectively. Based on STEM and efficiency, the 69 hospitals were divided into four types: the type of high capability and efficiency comprising 9 hospitals(13.04%), that of high capability and low efficiency comprising 16 hospitals(23.19%), that of low capability and high efficiency comprising 16 hospitals(23.19%) and that of low capability and efficiency comprising 28 hospitals(40.58%). Five hospitals(7.24%)were selected as outstanding examples of science and technology innovation.Conclusions:This study constructed a set of scientific and effective methods for comprehensively evaluating scientific and technological innovation capability and efficiency, for classifying the current state of science and technology innovation of a hospital and identifying outstanding ones. The assessment results could enable the hospitals to make targeted management measures.
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Objective:Case mix index indicates the capacity of disease diagnosis and treatment, as well as the quality of health cares in related disciplines. Science and technology evaluation metrics represent the level of innovation and sustainable development of science and technology. Quality of health care and sustainable development are considered as two key evaluation indicators in the performance evaluation of national tertiary public hospitals. This study aimed to explore the effect of case mix index on the science and technology evaluation metrics.Methods:According to a cross-sectional design, the relationship between case mix index and science and technology evaluation metrics was analyzed in a tertiary public general hospital between 2017 and 2019.Results:In three years′ period time, the departments in top 100 disciplines of science and technology evaluation metrics had the case mix index 17% which was higher than other departments in non-top 100 disciplines ( P<0.05). In the multivariate analysis, higher case mix index increased a 2.29-fold higher probability to be in top 100 disciplines. They are under the receiver operative character curve between case mix index and top 100 disciplines in evaluation of departments was 0.716 ( P=0.001). Conclusions:Case mix index indicated the level of science and technology evaluation metrics and the clinical departments should improve the case mix index, service quality of health care and the motivation of sustainable development.
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Objective:To analyze the current situation of scientific research in hospitals in China based on the indicators and results of Science and Technology Evaluation Metrics in Chinese hospitals, and propose possible countermeasures for scientific research development.Methods:The external and internal environment of scientific research in a Grade-A tertiary obstetrics and gynecology hospital was discussed through the results of Science and Technology Evaluation Metrics and situation analysis.Results:The external opportunity of the hospital is that the national and municipal government lead the development direction of science and technology, the hospital leaders attach great importance to the development direction of the hospital and have a clear direction for the development of the hospital; the challenge is that the new generation of information technology puts forward the requirements of cross integration of scientific research work, the flow of high-level talents is accelerated, and there is a significant gap with the similar hospitals in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. The internal advantages are embodied in the following points: the advantages of specialties are obvious, the output of scientific research results has increased year by year after the implementation of the scientific research management of hospital departments, the training and introduction of talents are equally important; the disadvantages are reflected in the following points: lack of basic research and scientific research platforms, lack of high-end scientific and clinical research talents, insufficient academic influence, lack of national-level scientific research projects, insufficient high-level scientific research results, and low achievement conversion rate.Conclusions:The hospital should improve performance assessment, build research platform and achievement transformation platform, strengthen interdisciplinary integration and personnel training, and promote the fine management of high-level achievements, so as to improve the scientific and technological output, academic influence and scientific and technological conditions of the hospital.
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Objective:By demonstrating the performance, experience and practical value of the original " science and technology evaluation" of Fuwai Hospital, it is expected to build the brand of " Fuwai innovative service for science and technology evaluation" and provide a wider social service.Methods:The four-in-one " science and technology evaluation and service system" , which is composed of " standardized local data-base" , " Fuwai Spider Net Map and Spider Track Map evaluation method" , " hierarchy three-level index system" , and " intellectual science and technology evaluation and service system" , is established for efficient evaluation of science and technology.Results:The " science and technology evaluation and service system" has run with benefit in Fuwai Hospital for years.With the multi-factor evaluating feature, it solves the drawbacks of traditional evaluating system, thus improving accuracy of evaluation and helping implementation of national policies.If the system is extended to other hospitals, it would advocate the feature and strength of Fuwai science and technology evaluation system as well as provide pluralistic reference and advice for decision-making departments.Conclusions:Science and technology evaluation is such a systemic work, with all issues of different levels along the whole evaluating process to be considered.Drawbacks exist in the traditional method which depends on a single final score.By the practice of Fuwai Hospital, the innovative " four in one" evaluation system has been validated to be more scientific.
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Objective:To analyze the disadvantages of " paper-centric" in science and technology evaluation, explore how to establish a new evaluation model of scientific and technological innovation in academic universities in China on the premise of breaking the " paper-centric" orientation.Methods:Analyze problems and disadvantages of the " paper-centric" orientation in the evaluation of science and technology at academic universities in China, take account into the in-depth interpretation of key policies of breaking away from " paper-centric" in recent years, and finally make proposal for the establishment of evaluation system and mode of scientific and technological innovation in the future.Results:There are many pitfalls in the " paper-centric" orientation in the evaluation of science and technology in academic universities in China, thus, it is urgent to establish a new evaluation mode of scientific and technological innovation.Conclusions:Based on the current domestic and international context, academic universities in China should deploy the strategy of scientific and technological innovation in advance, break the " paper-centric" orientation, and establish a new evaluation system and mode of science and technology that proactively match the national strategy and the development requirement.
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Resumen Este artículo presenta el estado del arte acerca de las evaluaciones de tecnología y los aportes que han sido realizados a nivel hospitalario en diversos países del mundo. La incorporación de tecnologías sanitarias está enfocado al mejoramiento de la calidad y la eficiencia en la prestación de los servicios de salud. La evaluación de tecnología son un proceso científico, multidisciplinario y multidimensional que tiene como objetivo contribuir y mejorar la toma de decisiones en los procedimientos de adquisición e incorporación tecnológica, mediante la evaluación comparativa de los efectos positivos y negativos de las tecnologías en hospitales. El propósito generalmente considera diversas alternativas, proporcionando la mejor selección de tecnología que compense las necesidades médicas en instituciones de salud. A nivel mundial han trabajado constantemente para mejorar los procesos de evaluación de tecnología en el ámbito nacional y hospitalario. La implementación de las metodologías de evaluación en hospitales permite contribuir a la disminución de los riesgos generados por el uso de los dispositivos o equipos médicos en relación con la seguridad de los pacientes implementando tecnologías eficaces para diversos tratamientos. En conclusión, la evaluaciones de tecnología es un proceso fundamental que proporciona información relevante para la toma de decisiones para las incorporaciones de nuevos dispositivos médicos en hospitales.
Abstract This article presents the state of the art about the evaluations of technology and the contributions that have been made at a hospital level in different countries of the world. The incorporation of health technologies is focused on the improvement of quality and efficiency in the provision of health services. The evaluation of technology is a scientific, multidisciplinary and multidimensional process that aims to contribute and improve decision making in the procedures of acquisition and technological incorporation, through the comparative evaluation of the positive and negative effects of technologies in hospitals. The purpose generally considers various alternatives, providing the best selection of technology that compensates for medical needs in health institutions. At the global level, they have constantly worked to improve the technology assessment processes at the national and hospital levels. The implementation of evaluation methodologies in hospitals allows contributing to the reduction of the risks generated using medical devices or equipment in relation to patient safety by implementing effective technologies for various treatments. In conclusion, the technology assessment is a fundamental process that provides relevant information for decision making for the incorporation of new medical devices in hospitals.
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Objective To construct a quantitative evaluation model for the suitability evaluation of scientific research innovation team members.Methods Firstly to identify and clarify the key indicators of the evaluation of scientific research team members,including:the evaluation of professional relevance of members,academic contribution expectation of members,evaluation indicators of cooperation convenience,and analysis of common evaluation indicators of objectives.Secondly,to conduct qualitative analysis of relevant indicators to determine the weighting levels of each sub-item of different indicators.Finally,design the mathematical model of calculation according to the weights and scores granted to the importance,grade,etc.of the indicators.Results After the simulation calculation,the designed formula can better reflect the weighting level of different indicators,which makes the evaluation of the suitability of the research team members feasible.Conclusions Quantitative evaluation of the suitability evaluation index of innovation team members makes the evaluation of innovation team members have evidence to follow,the evaluation results are fair and equitable,and easy to be accepted by all parties.It also helps to guide the team to clearly establish the direction.
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Objective Fuwai Spider Track Map (FSTM) is a scientific performance appraisal system established by the scientific research department of Fuwai Hospital.This study aimed to apply FSTM to the ranking and evaluation of scientific and technological influence and competitiveness of tertiary hospitals in China,comparison also conducted with othertraditional systems.Methods Tertiary hospitals consecutively selected as the national top 100 tertiary hospitals for 4 years from 2014 to 2017,according to the scientific and technological influence ranking list published in the official website of the Institute of Medical Information of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,were included.Total score,number of hospital staff and beds of these hospitals,accessed from the official website,were taking into account as reference data.Re-evaluation and ranking using FSTM was performed to evaluate and rank the scientific and technological influence and competitiveness.Besides,comparison analysis with traditional methods was conducted to identify the differences and similarities,advantages and disadvantages.Results The total quantity index and the per capita index represent the total research productivity and effectiveness,in other words,scientific and technological influence and competitiveness,respectively.The FSTM may integrate both indexes and avoid the disadvantages of single dimension evaluation.Conclusions Unlike the static results of traditional system,as a 3-dimentional method,FSTM may not only perform comprehensive but also evaluation of type,stratification and classification.It makes the hospitals in same type more comparable and provides multiple references for decision makers bv offering guidance and reference for the evaluation objects.
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To screen and evaluate the TCM in the treatment of bronchial asthma. Methods Retrieved the journals from China National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Vip Database, Wanfang Data and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (Sino Med) . The time limitation ran from January 1, 1987 to December 31, 2016. Extracted the indicators of the assessment based on the evaluating and screening system of country feasible TCM technology. Results a total of 150 treatment techniques were screened.They mostly were Chinese compound formula or point-application therapy. The score was between 24.857 and 34.304. Application of evaluating and screening system of country feasible TCM technology can screen and evaluate the feasible technologiesin the treatment of remission phase of bronchial asthma.
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Objective To establish an index system of science and technology evaluation for public hospitals in Shanghai, which is scientific and rational, operable, promotable, and comparable.The purpose is to improve the comprehensive hospital evaluation system and promote the science and medical technology innovation development in Shanghai.Methods Based on overseas and domestic research experiences and Shanghai′s specifics, literature analysis and Delphi specialist consultation method were used for rationalization proposals for building such a system.Results This index system comprises three level-1 indicators of basis and conditions, results and outputs and social benefits and impacts, eight level-2 indicators and 24 level-3 indicators.Conclusions This index system should be improved stage by stage.Classification by type and level of public hospitals should be used in such evaluation, while horizontal development level and vertical development speed of science and technology should be combined.A unified evaluation standard should be developed by professional organizations.
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El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar la herramienta de decisión TEMIX, especializada en la evaluación de tecnologías de información sobre la base de criterios de negocio, para la clasificación de la organización que se realiza durante el diagnóstico de planificación de sistemas de información, con la finalidad de facilitar la determinación de objetivos de integración de información relevantes atendiendo al nivel de coordinación que requiere el desempeño del negocio analizado. Como métodos se emplearon casos de estudio, diseño de cuestionarios, modelación mediante predicados compuestos y lógica difusa compensatoria. Como resultado del empleo de TEMIX, además de la evaluación de tecnologías de información basada en las características del negocio, se obtuvo la documentación sobre los requerimientos de integración de la cadena de suministro y de la empresa.
The main goal of this paper is to review the use of a decision tool, named TEMIX, during the diagnosis needed in the Information Systems Planning Process, to ease the assessment of business requirements that are relevant to express the coordination level required by the business performance. The methods used were: case studies, questionnaire design, compound predicates modeling and compensatory fuzzy logic as decision theory. TEMIX use results in information technology assessment based on business needs and on supply chain and business information integration requirements analysis.
O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar a ferramenta de decisão TEMIX, especializada na avaliação de tecnologias de informação sobre a base de critérios de negócio, para a classificação da organização que se realiza durante o diagnóstico de planificação de sistemas de informação, com a fim de facilitar a determinação de objetivos de integração de informação relevantes segundo o nível de coordenação que requere o desempenho do negócio analisado. Como métodos foram empregues casos de estudo, desenho de inquéritos, modelação mediante predicados compostos e lógica difusa compensatória. Como resultado do emprego de TEMIX, para além da avaliação de tecnologias de informação baseada nas características do negócio, foi obtida a documentação sobre os requerimentos de integração da cadeia de fornecimento e da empresa.
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The method of bibliometrics was used to analyze the literature about the application of molecular biotechnique to pharmacognosy which were searched and obtained from the CNKI database and Shanghai intellectual property information platform from the year 1995 to 2015.It was found that 22 462 articles were published and the 63% were funded, 50 core institutions and 888 authors, 18 core journals were engaged in this subject.496 items of patents were authorized and 90 kinds of Chinese Materia Medica were involved.In the view of the quantity and quality of published literature, the scale and influence of journals, institutions, and the extent of subject categories have made remarkable achievement. Molecular pharmacognosy has completed the germination stage of a new subject, and has been in a relatively mature and stable development status.
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Objective:Mechanical ventilation has been the regular equipment or the therapy equipment in the hospital. In order to establish a safe condition of using ventilator, not only standard operations are required, but also high quality of ventilators should be ensured. This article will introduce a kind of ventilator detection system made in Switzerland, especially the portable device which supports the technology to detect ventilator at any time and every place. These detection equipments provide the protection of high risk medical equipment. Methods: According to the requirement of mechanical ventilation detection and the instruction of imtmedical ventilator detection system, the application methods of imtmedical detection system were introduced. Results: Compared the difference with other ventilator detectors, the priority, portability, stability and accuracy of the Citrex H4 detection were understood. Conclusion:The Citrex H4 ventilator detector is satisfactory for quality testing of ventilator, ion evaluate can make the output performance parameters more accurate and the quality higher.of the ventilators.
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El proceso de capacitación en tecnología biomédica se enmarca dentro de los requerimientos del decreto # 4725 de 2005 emitido por el ministerio de protección social, y es parte del proceso de adquisición de tecnología el cual es de gran importancia para las instituciones prestadoras de salud en Colombia. La tecnología médica requiere procesos detallados de capacitación. Uno de los aspectos más importantes a considerar más no el único es la clasificación de riesgo de los dispositivos médicos, el cual es un factor muy importante porque puede cambiar el tiempo y costo de la capacitación. Este artículo pretende hacer una revisión de algunos modelos de capacitación en clínicas y hospitales y comprarlos entre sí, Adicionalmente el artículo presenta un modelo que se basa en los criterios más representativos de los modelos analizados.
The training in biomedical technology is part of the requirements of the decree # 4725 of 2005 issued by the Colombian Ministry of Social Protection, and it's part of the technology procurement process which is of great importance to the health institutions in Colombia. Medical technology requires detailed training processes. One of the most important aspects to consider, not the only one, is risk classification of medical devices, which is a very important factor that may affect time and cost of training. This article aims to review and compare some models of training in clinics and hospitals. In addition, the paper introduces a model based on the most representative criteria of the models analyzed.
O treinamento em tecnologia biomédica é parte dos requisitos do decreto # 4725 de 2005 emitido pelo Ministério da Proteção Social, e faz parte do processo de aquisição de tecnologia, que é de grande importância para as instituições de saúde na Colômbia. A tecnologia médica requer processos de treinamento detalhados. Um dos aspectos mais importantes a considerar não é a única classificação de risco de dispositivos médicos, o que é um fator muito importante que pode mudar o tempo e o custo do treinamento. Este artigo tem por objetivo revisar alguns modelos de formação em clínicas e hospitais e compará-los entre si, Além disso, o artigo apresenta um modelo com base nos critérios mais representativos dos modelos analisados.
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Métodos objetivos de avaliação são frequentemente cobrados em estudos científicos. Exames histológicos com coloração imuno-histoquímica podem ser avaliados por meio de fotometria. OBJETIVO: Comparar este método objetivo com a avaliação subjetiva realizada por três observadores independentes, utilizando lâminas de colesteatoma adquirido da orelha média. MÉTODO: Foram selecionadas um total de 54 imagens de colesteatomas imuno-histoquimicamente coradas pelos anticorpos anti-TNF-R2 (32 lâminas) e anti-TGF-α; (22 lâminas). O anticorpo secundário utilizado nos dois grupos foi o Max Polimer Detection System (Kit Novo Link, Novocastra®, UK). As amostras foram processadas por um scanner digital de lâminas (modelo ScanScope - Aperio). As áreas selecionadas foram submetidas à análise por fotometria. RESULTADOS: A avaliação objetiva por fotometria foi comparada com a avaliação subjetiva por três observadores e submetidas à análise estatística. A análise estatística revelou reprodutibilidade moderada (K valores entre 0,41 e 0,60) para os dois grupos. CONCLUSÃO: O presente estudo demonstrou que as características irregulares das lâminas de colesteatoma da orelha média coradas pela imuno-histoquímica impossibilita a sua adequada avaliação objetiva, enquanto a avaliação subjetiva por observadores experientes se mostrou mais confiável. .
Objective methods of assessment are often required in scientific studies. Histological tests with immunohistochemical staining can be assessed by photometry. OBJECTIVE: To compare this objective method with the subjective evaluation performed by three independent examiners, using slides of acquired middle ear cholesteatomas. METHOD: We selected a total of 54 cholesteatoma images, immunohistochemically stained by anti-TNF-R2 (32 slides) and anti-TGF-α, (22 slides). The secondary antibody used in the two groups was the Max Polymer Detection System (Novo Link Kit, Novocastra®, UK). The samples were processed by a digital slide scanner (ScanScope - Aperio). The selected sites were analyzed by photometry. RESULTS: The objective assessment by photometry was compared with the subjective evaluation by three examiners and subjected to statistical analysis. The Statistical analysis revealed moderate reproducibility (K values between 0.41 and 0.60) for both groups. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that the irregular characteristics of middle ear cholesteatoma slides stained by immunohistochemistry prevents its proper objective evaluation, while the subjective assessment by experienced examiners was more reliable. .