Design and application of heating device and temperature control system for dialysis fluid bag in continuous renal replacement therapy / 中华危重病急救医学

In the process of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), various factors such as the temperature of replacement fluid, the flow of fluid and the circulation of blood in cardiopulmonary bypass, lead to the temperature of the blood injected back into the body is often lower than normal. It leads to the decrease of body temperature and the occurrence of hypothermia, which can be life-threatening in severe cases. In clinical practice, medical staff mostly reduces the occurrence of hypothermia in patients with CRRT by means of the heating device of the machine, the heating of the liquid temperature box for cardiopulmonary bypass, and the application of heating blankets, but the effect is not ideal. Therefore, medical staff of the department of critical care medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University designed a heating device and temperature control system for CRRT dialysis fluid bag, and obtained the National Invention Patent of China (ZL 2021 1 0334906.7). The device includes a heating and thermal insulation device and a temperature control system, wherein the heating and thermal insulation device is composed of the body of the heating dialysis fluid bag and the temperature control structure, which solves the problems of safe and efficient liquid heating and thermal insulation during the CRRT process. The temperature control system can display the dynamic state of the patient's body temperature, adjust the temperature of the dialysis fluid bag in time, and monitor the temperature of the blood transfusion in real time through the cooperation of the five modules of data collection, data handle, data analysis, regulation and display. This design is applied to CRRT, which can achieve precise control of body temperature of critically ill patients, and has certain clinical significance.

Design and development of a novel infrared mild moxibustion device / 中国针灸

To make up for the shortcomings of traditional mild moxibustion, according to the principle and technical operation characteristics of traditional mild moxibustion, combined with temperature control technology, a novel infrared mild moxibustion device is developed, which is capable of real-time accurate temperature control. This novel infrares mild moxibustion device is composed of a host computer and an infrared radiation head. The host computer includes four modules: power supply, human-computer interaction interface, micro control unit (MCU) and drive circuit. The infrared radiation head mainly includes an infrared heater and a temperature sensor. This novel infrared mild moxibustion device is easy to operate. The electrothermal heating tablet can generate infrared radiation of 3 000-13 000 nm. After the temperature of the infrared heater is stabilized, the range of temperature change is ±0.50 ℃, realizing the goal of precise temperature control. In addition, it can operate moxibustion treatment at multiple acupoints at the same time, which is conducive to the dose-effect evaluation of mild moxibustion.

Early temperature control can improve the prognosis for brain injury after carbon monoxide poisoning / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of early temperature control on the prognosis of brain injury patients after severe carbon monoxide poisoning (COP).Methods:A total of 277 patients hospitalized with severe COP were randomly divided into a fever group ( n=78), a normal temperature group ( n=113) and a mild hypothermia group ( n=86). All were given hyperbaric oxygen therapy and any necessary supportive treatment. The mild hypothermia group were kept in a room at 34 to 35℃. Evaluation was with the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), version II of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE), the Hasegawa dementia scale (HDS) and the mini mental state examination (MMSE). The incidence of delayed encephalopathy (DEACMP) and mortality were compared among the three groups. The bispectral index (BIS) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels were correlated with DEACMP. Results:After the treatments, improvement was observed in multiple indexes of all three groups compared with before the treatment. Compared with the fever group, the average GCS of the mild hypothermia group was significantly higher on the 2nd, 4th, 8th and 31st day after the intervention. It was significantly higher than the normal temperature group′s averages on the 4th, 8th and 31st day. The average APACHE scores of the normal temperature and the mild hypothermia groups were significantly lower than the fever group′s average, with that of the mild hypothermia group significantly lower than that of the normal group. The average HDS scores of the normal temperature and mild hypothermia groups were significantly higher than the fever group′s average, with that of the mild hypothermia group significantly higher than that of the normal group. The average MMSE score of the mild hypothermia group was significantly improved after 7 days, one month and three months of treatment. That of the normal group showed significant improvement after one and three months, but the mild hypothermia group′s averages were superior. Compared with the fever group, the average BIS score of the mild hypothermia group was significantly better after one, three and seven days, and one month. This was true for the normal group beyond three days after the intervention. The average NSE concentration of the normal group after 7 days and one month was significantly lower than that of the fever group. For the mild hypothermia group this was true after only 3 days. Compared with the other two groups, the average coma time, incidence of DEACMP and nervous system injury were significantly lower in the hypothermia group. The average GCS, BIS and NSE values were closely related to the occurrence of DEACMP.Conclusions:Early temperature control can significantly reduce the severity of brain injury after COP and reduce the incidence of neurological sequelae. Early dynamic detection of GCS, NSE concentration and BIS is of great significance for predicting the incidence of DEACMP.

Design on disinfection system for the pipeline of dialysis water based on temperature control / 中国医学装备

Objective: To design a disinfection system for pipeline of dialysis water that can be automatically controlled so as to improve the disinfection effect, and ensure the health and safety of the operators and patients with hemodialysis. Methods: In the new disinfection system, the manual control was changed to single chip, and the disinfection method was ozone disinfection. In the actual ozone disinfection instrument for the pipeline of dialysis water, through the relationship among solubility, half-life period and temperature of underwater ozone to obtain a simulate relational expression between disinfection time and temperature, and then through single chip to achieve automatic control of disinfection process. Results: Through experimental verification, the system was able to coordinately complete automatic disinfection, emptying and swashing, and the concentration of ozone could meet the requirements of setting. Conclusion: The design can effectively disinfect the pipeline of dialysis water and avoid harm for human body in operation. And the added functions, automatic emptying and swashing, can ensure the pipeline of dialysis water is applied in dialysis cure as soon as possible after the disinfection was completed, and it guarantee the safety of hemodialysis.

The research and development of control device for speed and temperature of dripping of infusion / 中国医学装备

Objective:To research a device that could control speed and temperature for dripping and could thermostat drug fluid so as to achieve detection, control and automatic alarm for infusion speed.Methods: The infusion tube was installed in the Murphy tube groove of control device, and infrared ray detector was used to detect the speed of drip, and the heating column and attemperator were installed in the bottom to heat and keep temperature for drug fluid. When the speed of drug fluid was abnormal or drip was finished, the device would automatically start alarm.Results: The design of control device of speed and temperature of drip had simple structure and was convenient at operation procedure, and it had strong practicability in work. And it could control and automatically alarm for the speed and temperature of infusion.Conclusion: The control device of speed and temperature of infusion can automatically and real-timely monitor speed and temperature, and can send alert when the fluid will be finished. Therefore, it can reduce workload of medical staff and enhance comfortable sensation of patients.

Control optimization methods and practice on medical proton and heavy ion synchrotron cooling water system / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To study the temperature control method of the cooling water system for Siemens medical proton and heavy-ion synchrotron.Methods The return water temperature was used as the input variable of the control program,temperature prediction method was applied to controlling valve opening,and the capacity of water tank at backwater-side was increased to enhance temperature buffer capability.Results The optimized system adapted itself to multi loading conditions of the synchrotron,which achieved 2 ℃ peak elimination in case of return water at 32 ℃ or less to limit the input water temperature within (27±1) ℃.The failure rate of temperature deviation was decreased from 64％ to 8％.Conclusion The optimized cooling water system with three-layer structure fulfills the requirements of Siemens proton heavy-ion synchrotron operation.

Evaporative snout cooling system on the performance of lactating sows and their litters in a subtropical region / Sistema de resfriamento adiabático evaporativo conduzido por ductos no desempenho de fêmeas suínas em lactação e suas leitegadas

The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of different temperature control systems on the voluntary feed intake (VFI), percentage of weight loss (PWL) and performance of lactating sows as well as on the weight of their piglets. Two systems were used: traditional temperature control system (TTCS) with curtain management and an evaporative snout cooling system (ESCS). The study was performed during the summer of 2011. After farrowing and at the weaning, 241 sows were weighed to evaluate the PWL during lactation. TTCS sows lost more weight (5.3±0.9%; P<0.05) than ESCS sows (2.2±0.9%). VFI was measured at intervals of four days in 32 primiparous and 39 multiparous sows. ESCS sows had higher VFI (5.8±0.2kg day-1; P<0.05) than TTCS sows (4.8±0.2kg day-1). Primiparous sows (4.4±0.2kg day-1) had a lower VFI than multiparous sows (6.3±0.2kg day-1, P<0.05) regardless of the temperature control system. Primiparous sows in the TTCS (10.9±1.3 days) had a longer weaning-to-oestrus interval than primiparous sows in the ESCS (7.0±1.2 days, P<0.05). Subsequent litter size tended to be higher (P=0.095) in ESCS than in TTCS (12.0±0.5 and 10.9±0.6 piglets born, respectively). Litters housed in ESCS were heavier (65.3±1.4kg; P<0.05) at weaning than litters in TTCS (60.7±1.4kg). The results suggest that in general sows and piglets housed in the ESCS have better performance than sows and piglets housed in TTCS.

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a influência de diferentes sistemas de controle de temperatura sobre o consumo voluntário de ração (VFI), porcentagem de peso perdido (PWL) e desempenho de fêmeas lactantes e de suas leitegadas. Dois sistemas foram utilizados no estudo: o sistema tradicional de controle de temperatura (TTCS), com manejo de cortina e o sistema de resfriamento adiabático evaporativo (ESCS). O estudo foi realizado no verão de 2011. Após o parto e ao desmame, 241 fêmeas foram pesadas e foi avaliado o PWL durante a lactação. Fêmeas TTCS perderam mais peso (5,3±0,9%; P<0,05) do que as fêmeas ESCS (2,2±0,9%). VFI foi medido em intervalos de quatro dias em 32 fêmeas primíparas e 39 multíparas. Fêmeas ESCS tiveram maior VFI (5,8±0,2kg-1 dia; P<0,05) do que fêmeas TTCS (4,8±0,2 kg dia-1). Primíparas (4,4±0,2kg dia-1) tiveram menor VFI do que multíparas (6,3±0,2 kg dia-1, P<0,05), independentemente do sistema de controle de temperatura utilizado. Primíparas do TTCS (10,9±1,3 dias) tiveram maior intervalo desmame-estro do que primíparas do ESCS (7,0±1,2 dias, P<0,05). O tamanho da leitegada do parto subsequente tendeu a ser maior (P=0,095) no grupo alojado no ESCS do que no TTCS (12,0±0,5 e 10,9±0,6 leitões nascidos, respectivamente). Leitegadas alojadas no ESCS foram mais pesadas (65,3±1,4kg; P<0,05) ao desmame do que no TTCS (60,7±1,4kg). Os resultados observados sugerem que fêmeas e leitões alojados no ESCS apresentam melhor desempenho do que fêmeas e leitões alojados no TTCS.

Development and effect test of a portbable microorganism incubator / 军事医学

Objective To develop a portbable incubator for on-site cultivation of microorganisms in foods and drinking water.Methods Cultivation temperature was set as required by the temperature for various microorganisms and PID was controlled via the single chip microcomputer and configuration screen .Then, the framework of the incubator was designed and assembled.Finally, the cultivation effect was tested .Results The incubator was compact and portable .The deviation of the temperature was in the range of 1℃.The hold time of self-contained power could exceed 8 h.In addition, the cultivation effect of our fabricated incubator was not significantly different from that of the commercial electro-heating standing-temperature cultivator used in laboratories .Conclusion The incubator is suitable for on-site detection of microorganisms in foods and drinking water , which is significant for spotting and removing the hidden dangers from microorganism contaminations in foods and drinking water in order to protect the health of soldiers .

Atención inicial al politraumatizado maxilofacial: evaluación, conducta terapéutica y prevención / Initial care of maxillofacial polytrauma patients: evaluation, therapeutic management and prevention

Introducción: las fracturas maxilofaciales requieren tratamiento de urgencia y de un personal altamente calificado. Pueden aparecer complicaciones que ocasionen la pérdida de la vida del paciente. Objetivo: realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre la atención al politraumatizado maxilofacial, enfatizando aspectos del soporte vital avanzado de trauma como el manejo del déficit neurológico, de la exposición del paciente y del control de la temperatura, anexos a la valoración primaria, valoración secundaria, tratamiento definitivo, lesiones asociadas, equipo multidisciplinario del trauma, traumatismos maxilofaciales con características distintivas, condiciones que influyen en el manejo del trauma y prevención. Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica entre diciembre de 2014 y enero de 2015. Se evaluaron revistas de impacto de Web of Sciencies (39), 1 cubana y 5 libros. Se consultaron las bases de datos de los sistemas MEDLINE, PubMed y SciELO. Se utilizaron como descriptores: maxilofacial trauma, advanced trauma life support, secondary survey, associated injuries, multidisciplinary team of trauma, prevention y sus equivalentes en español. Se incluyeron artículos en inglés y español, publicados preferentemente en los últimos 5 años. Se obtuvieron 141 artículos. El estudio estuvo circunscrito solo a 51, que enfocaban estas temáticas de forma más integral. Análisis e integración de la información: al analizar el comportamiento de los artículos atendiendo a su representatividad en las revistas científicas, encontramos que 5,9 por ciento correspondían a la Journal of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery. Conclusiones: es imprescindible que los cirujanos maxilofaciales que se desempeñan en la atención de emergencia puedan reconocer, diagnosticar y establecer el manejo básico de un traumatismo maxilofacial. La falta de diagnóstico y de correcto manejo puede conducir a la pérdida de funciones y al desarrollo de deformidades secundarias difíciles de corregir luego. Esta corrección también podría inducir resultados decepcionantes, que podrían comprometer la vida del paciente(AU)

Introduction: maxillofacial fractures require emergency treatment by highly qualified personnel. Complications may occur which may cause the death of the patient. Objective: carry out a bibliographic review about the care of maxillofacial polytrauma patients, highlighting the following aspects of advanced trauma life support: management of neurological deficit, exposure and temperature control, annexes to primary assessment, secondary assessment, definitive treatment, associated injuries, multidisciplinary trauma team, maxillofacial traumas with distinctive characteristics, conditions influencing trauma management and prevention. Methods: a bibliographic review was conducted from December 2014 to January 2015. The evaluation included high impact journals from the Web of Sciences (39 journals), as well as one Cuban journal and five books. The databases MEDLINE, PubMed and SciELO were consulted, using the search terms maxillofacial trauma, advanced trauma life support, secondary survey, associated injuries, multidisciplinary trauma team, prevention, and their Spanish counterparts. The review included papers in English and Spanish, preferably published the last five years. Of the 141 papers obtained, the reviewers selected the 51 which approached the study topics in a more comprehensive manner. Data analysis and integration: analysis of the representativeness of papers in scientific journals revealed that 5.9 percent corresponded to the Journal of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery. Conclusions: it is indispensable for emergency maxillofacial surgeons to be able to recognize, diagnose and determine the basic management of maxillofacial trauma. Lack of a diagnosis or inappropriate management may lead to the loss of functions and the development of secondary deformities difficult to correct in the future. Such correction could also lead to disappointing results which may risk the patient's life(AU)

Hemodynamic Treatment Aimed to Reduce Catecholamine Toxicity in Patients Suffering from Septic Shock: An Observational Single Center Study.

Aims: Catecholamines represent a cornerstone in the hemodynamic management of septic shock (SS). However, development of toxicity may adversely affect patient outcome. We describe the outcome of 460 consecutive SS patients who were treated with an institutional hemodynamic protocol aimed at decreasing catecholamine toxicity. Study Design: Retrospective observational analysis. Place and Duration of Study: Multidisciplinary intensive care unit in a 460 bed hospital between January 1, 2004 to July 31, 2010. Methodology: Demographic data, premorbidities, admission Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II, most aberrant laboratory data, highest dosages of norepinephrine (NE), dobutamine, milrinone, use of ß-adrenoreceptor blocking agents, hydrocortisone and arginine vasopressin (AVP), development of new-onset tachyarrhythmia and myocardial ischemia were analyzed from an electronic database. The institutional hemodynamic treatment protocol includes early administration of hydrocortisol and arginine vasopressin in addition to norepinephrine and aggressive treatment of hyperthermia (T>38.5º). New onset tachyarrhythmia’s/tachycardia were treated using amiodarone and ß-adrenoreceptor blockers to decrease heart rate below 95bpm, respectively. Observed and SAPS-predicted mortality were analyzed for all patients and SAPS-quartiles (QI-QIV) of increasing disease severity. Results: Age, incidence of preexisting heart, renal disease, arterial hypertension, and MODS increased while body mass index significantly declined from QI to QIV. With increasing disease severity, patients received higher dosages of NE, steroids, AVP and milrinone. The incidence of tachycardic atrial fibrillation and myocardial ischemia increased from QI to QIV. Overall, there was no significant difference between the observed and SAPS II predicted mortality (p=0.2, Chi2-test). However, we observed a trend (-12, 2%) towards decreased mortality in QIII (p=0.07) and a significant decrease in hospital mortality (-19%) in QIV (p<0.0001; Chi2-test). Conclusions: Our data suggest that a treatment protocol aimed at decreasing catecholamine toxicity including early administration of hydrocortisone, AVP, aggressive body temperature and heart rate control may decrease SS mortality, particularly in elderly, premorbid patients suffering from advanced SS.

Design and implementation of temperature control system of high fever / 中国医学装备

Objective: To cool down the implementation of field training injury cold and heat function of electric control part. Methods:To design of peripheral control circuit, the use of STM32 microcontroller software compiled program, temperature control function of the whole device. Results: Though the program running, it realized the function of temperature control device. Conclusion:STM32 MCU has powerful functions, low price, simple use, convenient development advantages, suitable for use in other medical equipment electrical control part.

Control de hipotermia con colchón térmico en perras durante ovario-histerectomía / Hypothermia control with thermal mats in dogs during ovary-hysterectomy

La hipotermia transoperatoria es una complicación común en pacientes sometidos a anestesia general para procedimientos quirúrgicos. En este trabajo se evalúa el uso de un colchón térmico eléctrico como método de control de temperatura en 18 hembras caninas de aproximadamente seis meses de edad, sometidas a ovario-histerectomía (OVH) electiva, bajo anestesia general. Fueron evaluadas las constantes fisiológicas y los tiempos de recuperación, comparando tres grupos distribuidos aleatoriamente: G1, control, sin control de temperatura; G2, uso de colchón térmico a 38 °C durante el periodo trans y posoperatorio, y G3, control de temperatura de la misma manera pero solo en el periodo posoperatorio. El colchón térmico es una medida efectiva y segura para el control de la hipotermia perioperatoria mostrando mejores resultados cuando es usado en todos los momentos y no solo en el posoperatorio...

Intraoperative hypothermia is a common complication in patients undergoing general anesthesia for surgical procedures. This paper evaluates the use of an electric thermal mat as a temperature control method in 18 female dogs, approximately six month pregnant, subject to elective ovary-hysterectomy (OVH) under general anesthesia. Physiological constants and recovery times were evaluated by comparing three groups, randomly distributed: G1, control, without temperature control; G2, use of thermal mattress at 38 °C during and after surgery, and G3, temperature control in the same way but only during the postoperative period. The thermal mat is an effective and safe method to control perioperative hypothermia, showing better results when used at all times and not only during the postoperative period...

A hipotermia transoperatória é uma complicação comum em pacientes submetidos à anestesia geral para procedimentos cirúrgicos. Neste trabalho avalia-se uso de um colchão térmico elétrico como método de controle de temperatura em 18 fêmeas caninas de aproximadamente seis meses de idade, submetidas a ovário-histerectomia (OVH) opcional, sob anestesia geral. Foram avaliadas as constantes fisiológicas e os tempos de recuperação, comparando três grupos distribuídos aleatoriamente: G1, controle, sem controle de temperatura; G2, uso do colchão térmico a 38 °C durante o período trans e pós-operatório, e G3, controle de temperatura da mesma maneira, mas só no período pós-operatório. O colchão térmico é uma medida efetiva e segura para o controle da hipotermia perioperatória mostrando melhores resultados quando é usado em todos os momentos e não só no pós-operatório...

Temperature control of red blood cell suspensions in long-distance transportation / 医学研究生学报

Objective: To investigate the temperature control methods for long-distance transportation of red blood cell suspensions in military affairs or emergence.Methods: We loaded blood transport cars with red blood cell suspensions to full capacity and kept the temperature by combined cooling methods.Results: The temperature in the container was kept between 2-6.2℃ during the 72 h transportation,even when the refrigeration system of the car was out of work.Conclusion: The required temperature for long-distance transportation of red blood cell suspensions could be attained by combined cooling methods in case of insecurity of transportation time and the effect of single cooling method.

Effect of Temperature on Lycopene Prodmction by Recombinant E.coli and Control Strategy / 微生物学通报

Batch fermentation of lycopene by recombinant E. c ol i ZYL-2 at various temperatures ranging between 23℃～37℃ were studied in 7L fermentor. At 33℃, cell specific growth rate in earlier stage of culture was higher, and the time obtained maximum cell dry weight was shorter at other tempe rature. while after 9 h, lycopene specific production rate was higher at 28℃. Based on these results, a two-stage temperature control strategy was developed in which 33℃ was used for fermentation for the first 9 h and the temperaturew as switched to 28℃ after 9h. Using this temperature-shift strategy, the maxim al lycopene content and productivity reached 605.25?g L-1 and 28.82?g L-1h-1. The lycopene fermentation level obtained by the strategy was higher than those in single temperature-control experiments.

The Metabolic Control Breeding of L-Lactic Acid Fermentation and Optimization of Media and Cultivation Conditions / 微生物学通报

Based on the strain breeding theory and metabolic engineering theory, A high-yield mutant of Lactobacillus Thermophilus ATCC8317 was obtained through the compound inducements by the original Acetic acid-Sodium acetate plate and the productivity increased 210%.The best media components included saccharifying corn,malt powder 30g/L,peptone 5g/L.Based on the variety of specific cell growth rate and specific L-lactic acid production rate at different temperatures, the strategy of temperature control was obtained. The total product of L-lactic acid reached 135g/L besides the rate of glucose consumed and the average L-lactic acid productivity were up to 95% and 2.25g/(L?h) respectively.

Application of CAN-bus in Medical Vehicle / 医疗卫生装备

Objective Nowadays,with the development of medical vehicle,there are many parameters for inspection in its interior.It has disadvantages,such as complex routing and low system reliability,to use DCS.CAN bus technology can decrease routing and enhance system reliability.Methods OPC technology was used.A temperature supervisor control program and a database application were designed by VB,and the temperature was control by the fuzzy control methods.Results The temperature supervisor control system was established with CAN bus to explore the application of CAN bus in the medical vehicle.Conclusion It can enhance the system's reliability to use CAN bus technology in the medical vehicle.

A general temperature controller for medical experiment / 医疗卫生装备

This paper directs against the weakness and difficulties of applying conventional fuzzy control method to temperature control, and designs a sort of self-adaptive fuzzy control algorism with intelligent integration which can be applied to a general temperature controller for medical experiment. The practice proves that the control performance is preferable to conventional control, and has good flexibility and robustness.