An evaluation of status of depression using CES-D and analysis of its influencing factors among male nursing undergraduates / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To understand the status of depression and compare with the same age group of Chinese norms of CES-D in urban areas and analyze its potential influencing factors among male nursing undergraduates.Methods In this cross-sectional study,the CES-D and self-made questionnaire were administrated to 102 male nursing undergraduates from two schools of nursing through two-stage random sampling.Results The prevalence of depression was 14.0％,and the score of nursing undergraduates was (11.00±6.37) points,which had no significant difference from the scores of the same age group of Chinese norms in urban areas.Univariate analysis showed that coming from countryside,worse interpersonal relationship,worse career prospect,getting no attention from parents had some significant association with depression.Multivariate analysis showed that worse career prospect and getting no attention from parents associated with lower CES-D scores.Condusions For male nursing undergraduates,efforts should be given from the aspects of families and career prospects to improve their psychological health condition,and reserve qualified resources for nursing profession.

Development of the Chinese age norms of CES-D in urban area / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective: To test applicability of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) in different age groups in urban China, and to develop age norms. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the CES-D was administrated to 16047 community participants with average age of (37.7±21.3) years (age ranged 11～100) in 21 provinces, who were as the norming sample. Criterion validity was tested in 349 psychiatric patients with average age of (32.0±12.1) years (age ranged 16～81) in 4 cities. A subsample (199 workers, 100 col-lege students, and 30 teachers in Beijing, Dongguan, and Baotou) was drawn from the national sample to provide 8 week interval test-retest reliability. Results: The Cronbach α was 0.90 for the scale, and 0.68～0.86 for its fac-tors. The 8 week interval test-retest correlation was 0.49 for the scale (P <0.01) and 0.39～0.51 for factors (P<0.01) . The result of confirmatory factor analysis supported the original 4-factor structure (RMSEA=0.057, CFI =0.976, GFI=0.948) . Patients scored higher than community sample [(21.72±13.39 ) vs.(13.24±10.33),P <0.01], and depression patients scored the highest [(27.82±14.42), P<0.01] . Age difference was signifi-cant. Age groups over 60-year-old scored higher than all the other age groups under 60-year-old (P<0.01). Con-clusion: The Chinese version of CES-D shows good refiability and validity across all ages in urban population-

Reliability and validity of the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale in rural populations / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To assess the reliability and validity of the center for epidemiological studies depression scale (CES-D) in rural populations. Methods CES-D was administered to 330 rural residents in Jinzhou and Zhuanghe district of Dalian city. Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) was used as standards to assess the discriminant validity and criterion validity. Statistical analysis included Pearson's correlations and the exploratory factor analysis. Results The Cronbach α was 0.74,and the average item-total correlation was 0.59. Two factors were extracted by using exploratory factor analysis:affective and somatic symptoms and interpersonal problems. The range of factor loading was between 0.42 and 0.83. CES-D mean scores were significantly different between the depressive group (22.80±10.28) and non-depressive group (15.36±5.76. t =2.60,P =0.01). The correlation coefficient between CES-D and HAM-D was 0.50( P <0.01). Conclusion The reliability and validity of CES-D for rural populations is acceptable.