Research progress on the protective effect and mechanism of puerarin on diabetic retinopathy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Increasing prevalence and incidence of diabetes mellitus(DM)-the most common chronic consumptive disease worldwide-has a devastating impact on people's daily lives, particularly through the deterioration or complete loss of vision brought on by diabetic retinopathy(DR). Therefore, it is imperative to investigate the pathogenesis and effective treatment of DR. Meanwhile, Pueraria lobata is the extensively used dried root of kudzu or dried kudzu, also known as Pueraria flavonoids. Moreover, its roots are primarily composed of isoflavones, Pueroside ABC, triterpenes, and alkaloids, which can calm cardio-cerebrovascular smooth muscle and enhance microcirculation. Currently, it is widely employed for the treatment of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, osteonecrosis, DM and its complications, neurodegenerative disorders, endometriosis and tumor diseases. Inhibiting retinal neovascularization, alleviating ischemia and hypoxia, decreasing advanced glycation end products in diabetes, raising insulin-like growth factor(IGF)expression while decreasing tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-a)expression, decreasing vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)expression, reducing retinal nerve cell death, inhibiting the NOD-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)inflammatory pathway and inhibiting ferroptosis are all mechanisms by which puerarin(Pue)has been found to protect the retina in recent studies. Thus, this article summarizes the current comprehension of the mechanism and protective effect of Pue on diabetic retina, serving as a guidepost for its future development and application.

Treatment of Renal Proteinuria by Traditional Chinese Medicine and Its Mechanism / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) refers to abnormal renal structure and function for more than 3 months, and is characterized by abnormal urine, blood and kidney structure. As an important clinical manifestation of CKD, proteinuria is closely related to glomerular damage. It is not only a pathological manifestation of CKD, but also an important pathological factor to accelerate the development of CKD. After thousands of years of development, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a systematic theoretical foundation and rich clinical experience in the treatment of CKD. By referring to the treatment principles and methods of "leakage of vital essence", "low back pain", "asthenia", "blood urine" and "edema" in TCM, the general treatment principle of proteinuria is to coordinate the body Yin and Yang and restore the balance of Yin and Yang. Specific methods include removing blood stasis, sweating, urinating, invigorating the spleen and strengthening the kidney, smoothing liver and activating collaterals, and removing dampness and detoxification. Both ancient and modern physicians have established effective prescriptions according to the treatment principles and methods. Modern studies have showed that the mechanism of TCM to reduce proteinuria is mainly to improve the pathological manifestations of large area fusion of podocyte processes and complete disappearance of poddout, up-regulate the expression of nephrin and podocin, regulate immune, alleviate systemic inflammation, and improve the serum superoxide dismutase (SOD)level and the ability of the body to remove free radicals. The method and mechanism of treating renal proteinuria are discussed from three aspects:classical prescriptions, empirical prescriptions and the Chinese patent medicine. It provides a theoretical reference for the clinical treatment of chronic kidney disease, reducing the excretion of proteinuria and improving the clinical symptoms of the patients.

Discussion on Treatment of Fire and Heat Disease by LIU Wansu Based on ‘Depression of Yang Qi’ Theory / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective]To explore LIU Wansu's methods in treating fire and heat disease from depression of yang qi.[Methods]To analyse LIU Wansu's understanding of fire and heat disease and highlight its treatment from depression of yang qi through reading his works like Exploration to Pathogenesis in Plain Questions,Yellow Emperor's Plain Questions on Xuanminglun Formulae and so on.[Results]LIU Wansu had profound medical knowledge,rich clinical experience and initiative spirit.Under the guidance of nineteen items of pathogenesis from Huangdi's Canon of Medicine,he expanded fire and heat disease and put up six exogenous pathogenic factors can transfer to fire theory.To be specific,excessive wind,cold,dampness and dryness would block Xuan Fu and depress yang qi,causing fire and heat disease.He regardeddepression of yang qi as a key link in six exogenous pathogenic factors' transferring to fire and put up cooling combined with ventilating method to dissipate depressed yang qi,including relieving exterior syndrome with pungent-cool drugs,clearing depressed heat,relieving exterior and interior syndrome,eliminating dampness and relieving depression as well as combination of cold and warm drugs.[Conclusion]LIU Wansu treated fire and heat disease from depression of yang qi,providing new methods in treating fire and heat disease for later generations as well as guiding significance in current clinical work.

Research advance of posterior ischemic optic neuropathy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy is a kind of ischemic optic neuropathy, the incidence rate of which is lower with less obviously clinical features, less positive signs and more difficultly diagnosis when compared with anterior ischemic optic neuropathy.Meanwhile, therapeutic method of posterior ischemic optic neuropathy has remained controversial.This article will summarize the research development of the auxiliary examination, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapeutic method of posterior ischemic optic neuropathy.

Arteterapia junguiana: arte... o quê? / Jungian art therapy: is it art... or what?

O artigo reflete criticamente sobre as bases identitárias da arteterapia, um campo de estudos relativamente novo, de modo a promover uma aproximação mais bem qualificada dessa abordagem terapêutica no contexto geral das psicoterapias. Um dos principais aspectos problematizados refere-se justamente ao modo como ela é nomeada, pois a expressão "arteterapia" remete a limites e aproximações entre duas áreas muito amplas do conhecimento humano, a arte e a psicologia. Estabelece uma ligação direta entre as bases teóricas e metodológicas da psicologia analítica e a arteterapia, afirmando que, possivelmente, nenhuma outra clínica psicoterapêutica lance mão (literalmente) de tantos e tão diversificados recursos expressivos quanto a clínica junguiana. Apesar do embasamento teórico e metodológico encontrado na psicologia analítica para a arteterapia, a autora aborda os efeitos dessa práxis que ainda se encontra em desenvolvimento, discriminando a experiência artística da experiência terapêutica, e questiona se o que o arteterapeuta propõe a seus pacientes num ateliê ou consultório pode ser chamado de "arte", quando se trata mais especificamente de um conjunto de técnicas expressivas dedicadas a explorar o mundo anímico, emocional do paciente. Finaliza com a proposta de uma renomeação da arteterapia para "terapia do fazer", uma vez que parte da premissa de que, ainda que algumas produções plásticas dos pacientes guardem algum apelo estético, não se pode dizer que a produção da maior parte dos pacientes em arteterapia seja propriamente artística.

This article proposes a critical reflection on the identity basis of art therapy, a relatively new field of study, aiming to encourage more qualified dialogue in general context of psychotherapies. One of the main discussions is the designation as the expression "art therapy" refers to boundaries between two wide areas of human knowledge: arts and psychology. It establishes a direct connection between theoretical and methodological basis of analytical psychology and art therapy claiming that probably no other psychotherapeutic clinic resorts to so many diversified expressive recourses as the jungian clinic does. In spite of the theoretical and methodological background observed in analytical psychology for art therapy, the author approches the effects of this praxis - still in development - discriminating artistic and therapeutic experiences and questioning if that the art therapist proposes to their patients in their studio or office may be called "arts" - when it refers more specifically to a set of expressive techniques that explores the patient's animic and emotional world. The author concludes with a proposal for renaming art therapy to "the therapy of doing" considering that we cannot say the production of most patients in art therapy is properly artistic even if some plastic productions keep an aesthetic appeal.

Clinical Research on Therapeutic Methods of Small Intestinal Diseases in TCM / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study was aimed to further explore theory of small intestinal diseases and its principle of syndrome differentiation and treatment and lay the base for the clinical study, through the clinical research on the treatment of small intestinal diseases. Through the clinical survey among 584 patients, using Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Clinical Multidimensional Relational Query System, which was established by the research on the clinical individual diagnosis and treatment evaluation system on the prevention and treatment of diseases, to conduct the multidimen-sional relational analysis on small intestinal diseases' disease-symptoms-syndromes-therapy-medicines-effects. Using data mining and statistical methods, such as WEKA, Business Objects, SPSS to mine and analyze the syn-dromes and symptoms. The results showed that commonly-used TCM methods on treatment of small intestinal dis-eases, therapeutic principles of main syndromes of small intestinal diseases were summarized. It was concluded that through scale-free network diagram analysis on the commonly-used treatment of small intestinal diseases, the main treatment methods included promotion the flow of qi, relieving pain, tonifying spleen, removing dampness, clearing away heat, mildly regulating cold and heat. And the treatment methods of dispersing cold, invigorating blood circula-tion and removing blood stasis, nourishing yin, moistening and loosening bowels, abductively dispersing food stagna-tion were also used. It corresponds with the results of clinical research.

El trabajo de interpretación (Deutungsarbeit) como un proceso racional- consciente en la obra de Freud / The work of interpretation (Deutungsarbeit) as a rational ­ conscious process in Freud's work / O lavor de interpretação (Deutungsarbeit) como processo racional-consciente na obra de Freud

El autor plantea que el trabajo de interpretación (Deutungsarbeit) en la obra freudiana puede abordarse como un proceso racional-consciente o como un proceso inconsciente que se da entre analista - analizante. Se establecen las reglas fundamentales que se deben tener en cuenta en el trabajo de interpretación (Deutungsarbeit) de cualquier manifestación de lo inconsciente (sueño, síntoma, acción fallida, etc.) cuando éste es un proceso racional - consciente. El artículo es el primero en aportar un índice de cuarenta y ocho (48) entradas de referencias bibliográficas para el concepto de trabajo de interpretación (Deutungsarbeit) en el conjunto de la obra freudiana, en tres idiomas diferentes: alemán, inglés y español.

The author states that the work of interpretation (Deutungsarbeit) in Freudian work may be approached as a rational-conscious process or an unconscious process that occurs between the analyst - analyzed.. The fundamental rules to be born in mind in the interpretation work (Deutungsarbeit) of any manifestation of the unconscious (dream, symptom, insolvent action, etc.) when this is a rational - conscious process are established. This article is the first one to make a major contribution - an index of forty-eight (48) entrances of bibliographical references - in the research area of work interpretation (Deutungsarbeit) within the scope of Freudian work, in three different languages: German, English and Spanish.

Neste artigo o autor expõe que o trabalho de interpretação (Deutungsarbeit) na obra freudiana pode examinar-se como processo racional-consciente ou como processo inconsciente que ocorre entre analista e analisador. Também se estabelecem as regras fundamentais que devem ser tidas em conta no trabalho de interpretação (Deutungsarbeit) de qualquer manifestação do inconsciente (sonho, sintoma, ação frustrada, etc.) quando seja um processo racional-consciente. Este artigo é o primeiro que provê um índice de 48 entradas de referências bibliográficas do conceito do trabalho de interpretação (Deutungsarbeit) no conjunto da obra de Freud em três idiomas: alemão, inglês e espanhol.

Clinical Observation on Treatment of Infantile Autumn Diarrhea with Western combined with Chinese Medicine 80 Cases / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To observe the clinical effect of treating infantile autumn diarrhea with methods of warring yang and strengthening spleen.Methods All 160 children with infantile autumn diarrhea were randomly recruited into a therapeutic group and a control group,with 80 children in each group.The treatment group was orally given Fuzi Lizhong Decoction and the control group was orally given Smecta and ZhengChangSheng Capsule.Intravenous fluid replacement was added for medium and severe patients.Calculate the therapeutic effect after three days.Results The total curative rate in the treatment group was 92.5%.contrasting with 75%in the control group.There was significant difference between the 2 groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion Chinese medicine combined with with Western medicine can get notable therapeutic effect in treating infantile autumn diarrhea.

Clinical Efficacy of Therapeutic Method of Eliminating Phlegm, Tranquilizing and Calming Wind on Essential Hypertension and Influence on Biochemical Parameters / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of therapeutic method of eliminating phlegm, tranquilizing and calming wind on essential hypertension (EH) with accumulation of phlegm-wetness and influence on biochemical parameters. Methods One hundred cases of EH were selected and randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group (50 cases for each group). The two groups were given the same western treatment. The therapeutic method of eliminating phlegm, tranquilizing and calming wind (with recipe of eliminating phlegm, tranquilizing and calming wind) was given to the treatment group additionally. The course of treatment was 60 days. Grade of phlegm-wetness syndrome, blood pressure (BP), rhythm of the heart (HR), blood lipid, uric acid (UA), blood-glucose, fasting insulin and C-reactive protein of the two groups before and after treatment were observed and compared. Results BP in the two groups were improved after treatment, and BP in the treatment group was improved more than that in the control group (SBP P=0.000, DBP P =0.049). HR in the treatment group was improved notably than that in the control group (P =0.000). After treatment, the blood-glucose, fasting insulin and C-reactive protein in the treatment group were improved notably compared with those in the control group (the former P =0.001, the latter two P=0.000). UA, TC, LDL-C and HDL-C in the treatment group after treatment were improved in comparison with those before treatment (P =0.000). Conclusion On the basis of western treatment, the therapeutic method of eliminating phlegm, tranquilizing and calming wind can improve BP, HR and C-reactive protein in the patients of EH with accumulation of phlegm-wetness, and it can probably improve the blood lipid and UA to some extent.

Discussion on etiology,pathogenesis and therapeutic method of exogenous cough in Lingnan Areas / 中华中医药杂志

According to the unique geographical conditions,climatic factors,human constitution,dietary custom,social environment and so on,the main etiology of exogenous cough in Lingnan areas is pathogenic dampness;and the main pathogenesis is phlegm-dampness internal retention and impaired and descending of lung.The syndrome of phlegm-dampness and syndrome of phlegm-heat are more common clinical types.We propose eliminating dampness and resolving phlegm,dispersing and descending lung qi as its main therapeutic methods.For chronic cough,it often have to take the therapeutic methods of strengthening spleen and nourishing lung.

Analysis on YE Tian-shi's academic thinking about'applying diaphoresis to treat syndrome of defensive phase' / 中华中医药杂志

The therapeutic method of defensive,qi,nutrient and blood phases in Treatise on Epidemic Febrile Diseases is the signif icant achievement of YE Tian-shi in the process of studying febrile disease.Among the total,the syndrome of defensive phase should be treated on basis of syndrome differentiation,if only using diaphoresis without syndrome differentiation will result in damaged yin and replenished pathogen and deteriorated syndrome.It has important theoretical and clinical meaning to know law and characteristics of febrile disease in lung-wei phase by understanding'applying diaphoresis to treat syndrome of defensive phase'.

On relationship between harmonizing mo-cou and traditional therapeutic principle,the eight therapeutic methods / 中华中医药杂志

Harmonizing mo-cou is proposed on basis of an understanding of mo-cou physiological and pathological knowledge. It belongs to the therapeatic principle category of TCM therapy. The mo-cou widely exists in the body. From the perspective of the internal and external,it belongs the intermediate zone,is kind of tissue that exists between the external of human body and the zang-fu. Harmony of mo-cou is a healthy physiological state,the disharmony of mo-cou is the common pathological link in many diseases. Clinically,harmonizing mo-cou is the essential stages of treatment for many illnesses. As a therapeutic principle,it can guide the choice of the therapeutic methods. The mo is an extensin of the tendon,dominated by the liver,so the basic requirement of regulating liver-qi is to harmonize mo-cou.

Preventing diabetes:problems and prospects / 中华中医药杂志

The prevalence of diabetes is reaching epidemic proportions worldwide.Elevated glucose levels and associated increases in blood pressure and dyslipidemia lead to long-term complications including cardiovascular disease,diabetic retinopathy,kidney disease,and nervous system damage.These complications are largely responsible for the great increase in morbidity and mortality seen in diabetes.Unfortunately,once established,diabetes is very diffi cult to treat,and it is currently exerting tremendous pressure on healthcare systems worldwide.For these reasons,diabetes prevention has become a key target for clinicians,patients and policymakers,and a number of potential strategies are under study.The purpose of this article is fi rst to discuss the defi ciency of current preventing strategies,and the potential role and the advantages of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) to prevent diabetes.Following that,based on observational studies as well as on prospective trials,and with respect to the prevention and treatment of diabetes,the authors,therefore,suggest that the best way to approach prevention is through lifestyle modification guided by TCM theory.And those interventions should include not only herbs,but acupuncture,massage,food therapy and mind-body exercise,and they must examine cost-effectiveness as well.Future studies should also be designed with using such interventions and should be of suff icient duration to differentiate between genuine diabetes prevention as opposed to simple delay or masking of the disease.