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Objective:To explore the therapeutic principles and medication regularity of Chinese medicine for the treatment of urolithiasis based on data mining and literature research. Method:Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI） was searched for the clinical research papers on Chinese medicinal compounds for the treatment of urolithiasis published from database inception to November 10，2020. Therapeutic methods and Chinese medicinal compounds were extracted from the included papers，and the frequencies of therapeutic methods and the drugs in the Chinese medicinal compounds，as well as the efficacies were analyzed. The medication regularity of high-frequency drugs was explored by association rule analysis and cluster analysis. Result:A total of 247 papers and 247 Chinese medicinal compounds were included，and 209 drugs were involved. Those with high frequencies included Lysimachiae Herba，Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum，Lygodii Spora，Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix，Pyrrosiae Folium，Plantaginis Semen，and Talcum. The drugs with the highest frequency were effective in promoting urination，draining dampness，and activating blood to resolve stasis，followed by those in tonifying deficiency，regulating Qi，and purgation. Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum，Clematidis Radix et Rhizoma，and Succinum were used as specialized drugs targeting the syndrome. Association rule analysis showed that Lysimachiae Herba，Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum，and Lygodii Spora were commonly used in pairwise or ternary combination，followed by the pairwise combinations of Lysimachiae Herba with Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix，Pyrrosiae Folium，and Plantaginis Semen. High-frequency drugs were clustered into four categories by clustering analysis. Thirty-one therapeutic principles were employed in the 247 Chinese medicinal compounds. The ones with the highest frequency were clearing heat and eliminating dampness，resolving stasis and promoting urination，and tonifying kidney and replenishing qi. Conclusion:For the treatment of urolithiasis，promoting urination and draining dampness is the core therapeutic principle，and activating blood to resolve stasis is the important therapeutic principle，while tonifying is the potential therapeutic principle. The medication for urolithiasis is featured by specialized drugs targeting the syndrome.
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Objective:Define traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapeutic principles and methods and common prescriptions of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) based on clinical experience of famous doctors. Method:China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine disc, China Science and Technology Journal Database, Wanfang database were systematically retrieved for literatures of famous doctors in diagnosis and treatment of BPH from January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2018.A literature analysis database was established for integration and analysis of relevant content of TCM therapeutic principles and methods and prescriptions. SPSS 20.0 software was used for statistics to obtain TCM therapeutic principles and methods, common prescriptions and drug distribution regularity of BPH. Result:A total of 109 qualified literatures were included in this study, involving 66 famous doctors and experts, and 9 kinds of BPH therapeutic principles were obtained, including "treatment of both symptoms and root cause of disease", "tonification and purgation in combination", "coordination of Yin and Yang". There are 55 kinds of therapies, including "promoting blood circulation for removing blood stasis", "clearing heat and promoting dampness", "warming and recuperating kidney Yang", "softening and resolving hard mass" and " invigorating kidney Qi". And BPH was mostly diagnosed and treated based on kidney, spleen and lung. Through collection and summarization, totally 38 formulas commonly used in treating BPH obtained. The most commonly used ones were "Guizhi Fuling Wan", "Zishen Tongguan Wan", "Buzhong Yiqi Tang", " Bazheng Tang" and "Jisheng Shenqi Wan". There were 217 commonly used herbs, mainly including " Astragali Radix", "Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata", "Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma", "Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma", "Angelicae Sinensis Radix", "Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae", "Peach Kernel", "Pangolin Scales", "Vaccariae Semen", "Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma", "Poria", "Rhizoma Alismatis" and "Plantain Seed". Conclusion:The treatment of BPH is based on the principles of "treatment of both symptoms and root cause of disease, and tonification and purgation in combination". The commonly used therapies include prescription for "promoting blood circulation for removing blood stasis", "clearing heat and promoting dampness" and "warming and recuperating kidney Yang". The corresponding prescriptions shall be based on symptoms.
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Throughout the guidelines for hypertension published in China and abroad in recent years, the therapeutic principles of hypertension drug treatment mainly include: hypotensive treatment was given according to the overall risk level of patients with hypertension. Intensive antihypertensive therapy should be adopted to achieve maximum cardiovascular benefits, if conditions permit. Comprehensive intervention is needed for factors other than blood pressure,including treatable risk factors, subclinical target organ damage, and a variety of co-existing clinical diseases.The optimized principles of antihypertensive therapy include initiation of combined drug in most patients to raise the rate of blood pressure treatment targets, and the single-pill combination is preferred in combination therapy.
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The paper introduces the basic concept of metadata and the building process of metadata directory of TCM therapeutic principle and method information based on data meta-model,complementing a part of metadata directory of basic TCM method (therapeutic principle and method) of the Health Information Metadata Catalogue,summarizes problems found in the building process and advising on the further rationalization of the metadata directory.
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Objective To observe and discuss the effect of the traditional Chinese drug complex prescription ShensuⅡfrom Xintong Changluo therapeutic principle on renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) expresssion in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) model rats. Methods Forty-eight healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into control group (n=12) and modeling group (n=36). Rats of modeling group were injected by doxorubicin hydrochoride for FSGS model. Rats of modeling group were sub-divided into model group, benazepril group and TCM group randomly. In 12 weeks, TCM group was given by intragastric administration of ShensuⅡ(3.5 g/100 g), benazepril group was given by intragastric administration of benazepril suspension (0.33 mg/100 g), control group and model group were given by intragastric administration of same volume of saline. HE/Masson staining was used to observe changes of tubulointerstitial pathomorphology. The degree of injury and fibrosis was measured. The expressions of fibronectin (FN) and TGF-β1 were detected by immunohistochemical SP method. Results The process of renal interstitial fibrosis was slower in FSGS rats of TCM group. Renal interstitial pathological index was 1.51 ± 0.80 in TCM group, which was lower than that of model group (2.18 ± 0.38) and benazepril group (1.79 ± 0.24). The index of renal interstitial fibrosis was 2.39 ± 0.13 in TCM group, which was lower than that of model group (3.11 ± 0.25) and benazepril group (2.80 ± 0.41). The relative expression of FN in renal interstitial was 14.19 ± 3.06 in TCM group, which was lower than that of model group (21.25 ± 3.31) and benazepril group (18.51±2.29). The relative expression of TGF-β1 in renal interstitial was 2.64±0.21 in TCM group, which was lower than that of model group (6.02 ± 0.12) and benazepril group (3.79 ± 0.46). All the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Xintong Changluo complex prescription ShensuⅡcan reduce the process of renal interstitial fibrosis in FSGS model rats, which may be related with the inhibiting expression of TGF-β1.
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The article reviewed the situation of warming kidney and strengthen spleen treatment for ulcerative colitis (UC) in recent 15 years from three aspects: Yang deficiency in spleen and kidney syndrome is one of the most important syndromes in UC; common prescriptions, medicine and efficacy of warming kidney and strengthening spleen treatment for treating UC; the mechanism of the treatment for UC is related to immunity enhancement, inhibition of gastrointestinal smooth muscle, promoting gastrointestinal function, antibiosis, improving plant nerve function, and release of enzymes. It also proposed the problems about warming kidney and strengthening spleen treatment for UC, and prospect for relevant problems.
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[Objective]Exploring innovation in TCM diagnosis and treatment in Zhejiang before modern time,to provide reference for current TCM skil s' heritage and development in Zhejiang.[Method]Using literature research methods, the author sorts out the pre-modern Zhejiang Chinese medicine works. By analyzing and contrasting, the author finds innovative knowledge and information. [Result]Before modern times, the creative technology of TCM diag-nosis and treatment in Zhejiang was characterized with early start, long maintenance and wide range, moreover, in the clinical sections of internal medicine, gynecology, paediatrics, orthopaedics and rhinology, the new theory and new technology continual y came into being on treating rules, methods and diag-nosis. Therefore, it promoted the diagnosis and treatment levels in the whole. [Conclusion] Before the modern times, the creation of Zhejiang diagnosis and treatment technology originated from many doctors ’medical practices; the various diseases sourced from Zhejiang unique geographical and climatic environment offered good stage for generations of doctors to distinguish themselves; and the developed society and material civilization in Zhejiang area provided strong guarantee for Zhejiang doctors to find and invent new diagnosis and treatment technology.
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This article sumed up the therapeutic principle and treatments of ‘toxin' in Treatise on the Causes and Manifestation of Diseases,including sterilizing,alexipharmacon,Daoyin technique,perspiration,vomiting,inducing stool and vomiting,and external treatment.These treatments offered theoretical evidence for clinical treatment.
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Harmonizing mo-cou is proposed on basis of an understanding of mo-cou physiological and pathological knowledge. It belongs to the therapeatic principle category of TCM therapy. The mo-cou widely exists in the body. From the perspective of the internal and external,it belongs the intermediate zone,is kind of tissue that exists between the external of human body and the zang-fu. Harmony of mo-cou is a healthy physiological state,the disharmony of mo-cou is the common pathological link in many diseases. Clinically,harmonizing mo-cou is the essential stages of treatment for many illnesses. As a therapeutic principle,it can guide the choice of the therapeutic methods. The mo is an extensin of the tendon,dominated by the liver,so the basic requirement of regulating liver-qi is to harmonize mo-cou.
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‘Seven principle’ of treating gastralgia summarized from clinical practice are ‘huan’ (relieving spasm and pain), ‘bu’(icluding: invigorating qi, invigorating yang, invigorating ying), ‘wen’(warming middle jiao for dispellng cold), ‘qing’ (clearing and releasing stagnant heat of liver and gastric), ‘li’(soothing liver and regulating qi), ‘xiao’ (icluding: promoting digestion and regulating stomach,relieving dyspepsia), ‘hua’ (icluding: activating blood and absorb clots). ‘Seven principle’ basically include the common approach to treating gastralgia. ‘Relieving spasm and pain’can be commonly used as a basic therapeutic method for gastralgia. ‘Wen’ is one of the important principles of treating gastralgia, treating sthenia syndrome by warming middle jiao for dispelling cold, treating deficient syndrome by ‘wen’and ‘bu’. ‘Huan’and‘wen’can be used to treat over half of gastralgia. The clinic appication of‘Qing’, ‘li’, ‘xiao’ and ‘hua’should base on specifi c cases. For common complex pathogenesis and syndromes, ‘seven principle’ can be ? exibly combined to decide the prescription’s ‘jun, chen, zuo, shi’. "Seven principle" of composing prescriptions offers a new approach to syndrome differentiation and treatment of gastralgia.