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@#Introduction: A popular intervention for paediatric clients, Ayres Sensory Integration® (ASI) must adhere to sensory integration (SI) fidelity. This study describes fidelity adherence in ASI intervention by occupational therapy practitioners in Malaysia. Methods: A questionnaire on ASI fidelity was developed before being tested for its validity by seven experts and for its internal consistency and test-retest reliability by 30 occupational therapists. The questionnaire was then used nationally to collect data on ASI practitioners. Data were collected from 161 occupational therapists working in various settings. Results: The mean of the sub-scales I-CVI was excellent, ranging between 0.97 and 1.00. The total S-CVI/Ave of the form was also reported as excellent, at 0.98, with subscales S-CVI ranging between 0.75 and 1.00. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.80 for the questionnaire’s internal consistency and the ICC for test-retest reliability ranged from 0.80 to 0.95. The survey received 161 responses, indicating that most respondents perceived themselves as having ‘moderate competence’ and showing ‘high interest’ in ASI implementation. Most fidelity aspects were addressed in their practices. Majority of the respondents adhered to the process elements. It was indicated that three aspects of physical space under the structural elements could not be provided by most occupational therapists in the study. Conclusion: To implement evidence-based practice, adherence to fidelity when providing ASI is important to ascertain its effectiveness. Improvements to ensure optimal space, ASI certification, and more related training are the first steps that can be taken by the related agencies to ensure effective ASI intervention could be delivered.
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@#Handwriting difficulty is one of the main issues among school children, especially for those with motor coordination issues. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions in handwriting components for children with motor coordination issues. Current research articles were systematically searched according to the PRISMA guidelines. Two hundred and sixty-eight (n=268) research articles were identified; however, only ten (n=10) were eligible to be evaluated for this study. Studies were appraised by using McMaster Critical Review Form-Quantitative Studies. Descriptive synthesis was executed due to the heterogeneity of included studies. The review found various types of intervention conducted by occupational therapists to have a positive effect on handwriting performance components among children with motor coordination issues. Types of intervention used were visual, motor, perceptual, sensory, activity of daily living skills, training device and assistive technology and specific handwriting programs. Most handwriting intervention showed effectiveness to improve handwriting performance in motor function, visual and perceptual components. Future research should focus on homogeneity of Occupational Therapy (OT) intervention to improve handwriting performance by using specific handwriting programmes and similar standardised evaluation instruments. Practitioners of OT intervention should consider collaboration with teachers, parents and other health professionals to expedite effectiveness of intervention in handwriting performance components.
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@#One of the most popular interventions provided by occupational therapists for pediatric clients is Ayres Sensory Integration® (ASI). Strict fidelity measures consisting of procedural and structural elements must be adhered to when using it. These fidelity measures distinguish Ayres Sensory Integration® from other sensory-based interventions. This study involved the development of a survey instrument and outlined the challenges that Malaysian occupational therapists face when using Ayres sensory integration® (ASI). The questionnaire development involved the processes of assessing its validity and reliability. A total of 161 occupational therapists working in various healthcare settings responded to the survey by answering a self-administered questionnaire. The results identified eight themes or issues: (1) Inadequate Training, (2) Resource Issues, (3) Physical Constraints, (4) Time Constraints, (5) Limited Information/ Support Provided By Family, (6) Limited Support From Management, (7) Limited Information/Support Provided By Suppliers, and (8) Issues in Implementing Evidence-Based Practice. Identifying the challenges of implementing ASI is an important aspect of improving occupational therapy assessments and interventions, which would establish the effectiveness of the interventions provided.
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La atención clínica y educativa que se ofrece a niños bilingües es actualmente un reto para los profesionales. Es necesario investigar sobre la conceptualización del bilingüismo, su naturaleza y su relación con los diferentes entornos de aprendizaje. El objetivo del presente trabajo es revisar la literatura científica con el fin de explorar el papel del entorno familiar y las competencias del fonoaudiólogo/logopeda para garantizar una intervención fonoaudiológica/logopédica funcional en población bilingüe. Para ello, se ha estudiado la información más representativa disponible sobre el enfoque naturalista de intervención en multilingüismo. Así, se pretende reflexionar sobre los modelos de intervención que mejor se adecúan a las necesidades específicas de los niños bilingües y el papel que puede adoptar la familia para contribuir al desarrollo comunicativo de los niños en contacto con varias lenguas.En primer lugar, se ofrece una aclaración terminológica, así como una visión del marco naturalista de intervención. A continuación, se presentan la metodología y los resultados de la revisión efectuada para niños bilingües con diversidad funcional y alteraciones del lenguaje oral. Se incluyen también recomendaciones en relación a las competencias del fonoaudiólogo que trabaje con población bilingüe. Finalmente, se concluye con una propuesta de futuras líneas de investigación aplicada en este campo considerando los modelos naturalistas centrados en la familia para proponer su adaptación a las intervenciones realizadas con niños bilingües
The clinical and educative response required for bilingual children continues to be a challenge for professionals. It is necessary to research the conceptualization of bilingualism, its nature, and its relationship with different learning environments. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature to explore the role of the family environment and the speech & language therapist's (SLT) competence in guaranteeing a functional language intervention in the bilingual population. To this end, the most significant information available about multilingualism and the naturalistic intervention approach has been reviewed. With this evidence, the best models of bilingual intervention are presented, as well as a reflection on how families can contribute to improve the language development of children speaking different languages.In the first section, a terminological clarification of bilingualism is given, alongside the naturalistic frame of intervention, followed by research developed with bilingual children with functional diversity and oral language disorders. In that sense, recommendations about competence of the Speech and Language Therapist working with bilingual special needs children are also included. Finally, this paper provides a suggestion of future applied research in this field on naturalistic family-centered approaches used in language intervention with bilingual children
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Humans , Child , Adult , Multilingualism , Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences , Family Relations , Language Disorders/physiopathologyABSTRACT
El objetivo de la investigación estuvo encaminado a determinar el efecto de un programa de intervención en los procesos articulatorios funcionales en escolares de 6 a 8 años. La metodología se enmarcó bajo un tipo de estudio cuasi experimental con pre y post- prueba, a una población de 24 escolares con dislalia funcional, seleccionados a través de un muestreo aleatorio simple; 12 conformaron el grupo experimental y 12 el grupo control, con una edad media de 6 años 6 meses. Se implementó el programa de intervención al grupo experimental basado en el modelo fonético durante tres meses luego de lo cual se aplicó la postprueba. Los datos obtenidos se procesaron mediante SPSS versión 15.0., la asociación entre variables se constató con pruebas no paramétricas, chi-cuadrado para variables cualitativas, prueba de los signos para dos muestras relacionadas y Kolmogorov-Smirnov para dos muestras independientes con una significancia de probabilidad <.05. Los hallazgos evidencian mejoría en el grupo intervenido, pues las derivaciones mostraron que existe significación bilateral en el grupo experimental, en la pre y postprueba, pues los niños del grupo experimental superaron los errores articulatorios. Existe diferencia entre las muestras, por consiguiente se hallaron asociaciones altamente significativas entre el grupo control y grupo experimental en la postprueba, al igual relación reciproca, entre la funcionalidad lingual y el tipo de dislalia funcional. Se concluye que con la implementación del programa de intervención los errores articulatorios disminuyen
The objective of the research was to determine the effect of an intervention program on functional articulatory processes in schoolchildren aged 6 to 8 years. The methodology was framed under a quasi-experimental type with pre and posttest, to a population of 24 students with functional dyslalia, selected through a simple random sampling; 12 formed the experimental group and the remaining 12 were in the control group with a mean age of 6 years 6 months. The intervention program was implemented to the experimental group based on the phonetic model for three months and after the end of the treatment the posttest was applied. The data obtained were tabulated with the SPSS software version 15.0., The association among variables was verified with non-parametric tests; For the qualitative the chi-square test, for two related samples test of the signs and for two independent samples the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, with a probability significance of <.05. The findings showed an improvement in the intervention group, since the leads showed bilateral significance in the experimental group, in the pre and posttest, as the children in the experimental group overcame the articulatory errors. There was a difference between the samples; therefore, there were highly significant associations between the control group and the experimental group in the posttest, as well as the reciprocal relationship between the lingual functionality and the type of functional dyslalia. We conclude that with the implementation of the intervention program the articulatory errors decrease.
Subject(s)
Humans , Speech , Audiology , Language Disorders , Speech, Language and Hearing SciencesABSTRACT
A partir de pressupostos da teoria histórico-cultural, neste texto tem-se o objetivo de refletir sobre a linguagem de sujeitos com deficiência mental. Os dados foram extraídos de transcrições de filmagens de um ano de atendimento fonoaudiológico semanal do qual participavam duas estagiárias de fonoaudiologia e quatro jovens deficientes mentais com idades entre 19 e 29 anos. As interações de um dos jovens com seus pares e terapeutas foram focalizadas no estudo. Os resultados indicaram que em alguns momentos os terapeutas e pares fizeram interpretações que levaram à compreensão do intuito comunicativo do sujeito, mas em outros isto não ocorreu e o diálogo foi interrompido. Discute-se a importância do outro para a construção de sentidos e para a orientação de ações terapêuticas e educativas que criem possibilidades alternativas de linguagem. Considera-se que um olhar mais atento para compreender o intuito comunicativo de sujeitos deficientes pode auxiliar no desenvolvimento dessas pessoas.
Based on the historical-cultural theory assumptions we herein aim to reflect on mentally deficient subjects#039; language. The data were collected from video recording transcriptions along one year of weekly speech therapy sessions, with the participation of two speech therapy interns and four youngsters with mental deficiency, aged between 19 and 29. We focused on the interactions of one of the youngsters with his peers and therapists. The results revealed that at some moments the therapists#039; and the peers#039; interpretation led to the understanding of the communicative intention. However, there were moments when such understanding didn#039;t occur and the dialogue was interrupted. The importance of the other for building up meaning and guiding therapeutic actions which can promote the creation of language alternatives is here discussed. Therefore, it is considered that a more attentive look to understand the communicative purposes of subjects with mental deficiency can enhance their development.
A partir de suposiciones de la teoría histórico-cultural, en este texto se tiene el objetivo de reflexionar sobre el lenguaje de sujetos con discapacidad mental. Los datos fueron extraídos de transcripciones de películas referentes a un año de atendimiento fonoaudiológico semanal, del cual participaban dos estudiantes en práctica de fonoaudiología y cuatro jóvenes discapacitados mentales con edad entre 19 y 29 años. Las interacciones de uno de los jóvenes con sus semejantes y terapeutas fueron focalizadas en el estudio. Los resultados indicaron que en algunos momentos los terapeutas y semejantes hicieron interpretaciones que condujeron a la comprensión del intuito comunicativo del mismo, sin embargo, en otros, esto no ocurrió y el diálogo fue interrumpido. Se discutió la importancia del otro para la construcción de sentidos y para la orientación de acciones terapéuticas y educativas que crean posibilidades alternativas de lenguaje. Se considera que una observación más atenta para comprender el intuito comunicativo de sujetos discapacitados puede auxiliar al desarrollo de estas personas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Language , Persons with Mental DisabilitiesABSTRACT
Many details concerning the interventional diagnosis and therapy of thyroid disease need to be studied deeply and carefully; for example, the thyroid applied anatomy, especially the anatomical imageology study of the thyroid arterial anastomosis involving the therapeutic effects and complications, the thyroid artery embolization treatment, presently as a substitution or the supplement therapy for the traditional classical therapy of Graves disease. There are many exploration to extend the indication scope, the therapeutic effect, embolization scope in intervention for Graves disease due to having no accurate individual quantification standard, and so on. The thyroid arterial embolization for Graves disease is to reduce the main cause of thyroxin secretion. Simultaneously, the comprehensive therapeutic effects might have possibly produce the thyroidcytic apoptosis and immune adjustments. Serious complications such as the cerebral infarction, the hyperthyroidism crisis, the hypocalcemia, the periodic paralysis, and so on commonly occured in thyroid arterial embolization. It is necessary to keep strictly the procedure rule and the indication. The mid-and long-term therapeutic effect of thyroid artery embolization for Graves disease is good, but still need more extensive and prudent research for the prospective achievement.
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Objective To discuss the clinical efficacy of stent treatment for the benign or malignant colorectal obstruction. Methods Under fluoroscopic and / or endoscopic guidance stent implantation was performed in 30 patients with colonic or rectal obstruction. The obstruction sites were located at rectum (n = 20), recto-sigmoid juncture (n = 2), sigmoid colon (n = 3), descending colon (n = 3) and transverse colon (n = 2). Results Thirty-one colorectal stents were implanted in total 30 patients, the technical success rate was 92% by once-through operation. The patients were immediately relieved of the symptoms of intestinal obstruction. No complications related to stent implantation occurred. The average survival time in patients with malignant obstruction was 271 days. Conclusion For colorectal obstruction, stent implantation through anus is a minimally-invasive, safe and effective treatment with few complications. The procedure can effectively relieve the patients of the intestinal obstruction symptoms and, thus, improve their living quality.