Anti-proliferative potential of sodium thiosulfate against HT 29 human colon cancer cells with augmented effect in the presence of mitochondrial electron transport chain inhibitors

Objective: To compare the anti-proliferative effect of sodium thiosulfate on human colorectal cancer cells (HT-29) and normal small intestine cells (IEC6). Methods: Cells (HT-29 and IEC6) were treated with different concentrations of sodium thiosulfate ranging from 0.5 mM to 80 mM for 24 h. Cell viability was measured via crystal violet and MTT assays. HT-29 cells were further treated in the presence and absence of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) inhibitors, K

Determination of sulfur compounds in biological desulfurization system by high performance liquid chromatography / 生物工程学报

Biological desulfurization is a process in which sulfur compounds are removed from gas and oil using microorganisms. It is a simple process that has mild operating conditions, high desulfurization efficiency, low energy consumption and less environmental pollution. However, there is still a lack of simple and efficient analytical methods for quantitatively analyzing the sulfur compounds in the biological desulfurization process. In order to solve this problem, the analytical method for the simultaneous determination of sulfite, thiosulfate and sulfide in biological desulfurization solutions by pre-column fluorescence derivation using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed. The standard curves of sulfur species in this analytical method had good linear relationships with correlation coefficients of 0.999 5, 0.999 7, and 0.999 7 for sulfite, thiosulfate and sulfide, respectively. The detection limits of these sulfur compounds were 0.000 6, 0.000 7 and 0.001 1 μmol/L; the range of recovery rates were 98.17 to 101.9%, 100.9 to 102.6%, and 101.1 to 104.2%; which had good repeatability and stability. The analytical method was simple, efficient and accurate, and could be used to simultaneously determine the sulfur compounds in different biological desulfurization systems.

Anti-proliferative potential of sodium thiosulfate against HT 29 human colon cancer cells with augmented effect in the presence of mitochondrial electron transport chain inhibitors

Objective: To compare the anti-proliferative effect of sodium thiosulfate on human colorectal cancer cells (HT-29) and normal small intestine cells (IEC6). Methods: Cells (HT-29 and IEC6) were treated with different concentrations of sodium thiosulfate ranging from 0.5 mM to 80 mM for 24 h. Cell viability was measured via crystal violet and MTT assays. HT-29 cells were further treated in the presence and absence of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) inhibitors, KATP channel opener and closer and H2S inhibitors for 24 h followed by sodium thiosulfate in order to study their respective roles in the anti-proliferative activity of sodium thiosulfate. Results: The IC50 values of sodium thiosulfate on HT-29 cells were 40.93 mM and 42.45 mM by crystal violet and MTT assay whereas, in the case of IEC6 cells, the values were 45.17 mM and 47.22 mM. The inhibition of endogenous H2S enzymes and KATP channel induced no change in the anti-proliferative capacity of sodium thiosulfate. However, the anti-proliferative activity of sodium thiosulfate was enhanced in the presence of mitochondrial ETC inhibitors. Conclusions: HT-29 cell growth is effectively attenuated by sodium thiosulfate and the anti-proliferative activity of sodium thiosulfate is enhanced in the presence of mitochondrial ETC inhibitors.

Calcifilaxis, a propósito de un caso / Calciphylaxis, about a case

Resumen La calcifilaxis es un síndrome caracterizado por la calcificación de la pared media de las arteriolas de pequeño y mediano calibre de dermis y tejido celular subcutáneo, que se caracteriza clínicamente por úlceras necróticas, intensamente dolorosas, que afectan sobre todo miembros inferiores. Existen factores de riesgo para su desarrollo, como insuficiencia renal crónica, hiperparatiroidismo, sexo femenino, raza caucásica, diabetes, uso de anticoagulantes, entre otros. Si bien no existe un protocolo estandarizado para su tratamiento, se ha propuesto el uso del tiosulfato sódico como primera elección. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de sexo femenino de 75 años de edad con diagnóstico de calcifilaxis.

Abstract Calciphylaxis is a syndrome characterized by calciphication of the media of small and medium vessels of dermis and subcutaneous celular tissue, clinically characterized by extremely painful, necrotic ulcers, that affects especially lower limbs. There are risk factors for its development, such as renal failure, hyperparathyroidism, female gender, caucasian race, diabetes, use of anticoagulants, among others. Although there is not a standarized protocol for the treatment, it has been proposed the use of sodium thiosulfate as first line. We report a case of a woman of 75 years old with calciphylaxis.

Sodium thiosulfate and pamidronate for treatment of calciphylaxis: case report / Tiosulfato de sodio y pamidronato para el tratamiento de calcifilaxis: reporte de caso

Abstract Introduction: Calciphylaxis is an infrequent disease that almost exclusively affects patients with chronic kidney disease, although cases have been observed in patients without renal function impairment. The diagnosis is mainly made by clinical manifestations and subsequently confirmed by radiological and histological study. The optimal treatment is not known, although there is a consensus that a multifactorial approach is required. Clinical Case: A 68-year-old woman on hemodialysis for 2 years, who presented a painful nodular lesion in the left thigh, a skin biopsy was performed resulting in a diagnosis of calciphylaxis. Treatment and Outcome: Treatment was started with intravenous sodium thiosulfate. Pamidronate is added intravenously, three months later, due to an unfavorable evolution. After 6 months of treatment, improvement in nodular lesions and healing of the ulcerated lesion was observed to be generally well tolerated treatment. Conclusion: The combined treatment of sodium thiosulfate, pamidronate and calcitomimetics has been effectiveand safe for the treatment of calciphylaxis, inducing complete remission.

Resumen: Introducción: La calcifilaxis es una enfermedad infrecuente que afecta casi exclusivamente a pacientes con insuficiencia renal, aunque se han observado casos en pacientes sin deterioro de la función renal. El diagnóstico es clínico confirmándose con estudio radiológico e histológico. No se conoce con exactitud el tratamiento óptimo, aunque hay consenso en que se requiere un abordaje multifactorial. Caso Clínico: Mujer de 68 años en hemodiálisis desde hace 2 años, que presenta una lesión nodular dolorosa en muslo izquierdo, resultando un diagnostico compatible con calcifilaxis, tras biopsia cutánea. Tratamiento y resultado: Inicia tratamiento con tiosulfato de sodio vía venosa. Tres meses más tarde y ante la evolución desfavorable, se añade al tratamiento pamidronato vía intravenosa. Tras 6 meses de tratamiento se observa mejoría de las lesiones nodulares y cicatrización de la lesión ulcerada, habiéndose experimentado buena tolerancia. Conclusión: El tratamiento combinado de tiosulfato de sodio, pamidronato y calcimiméticos ha resultado efectivo y seguro para el tratamiento de la calcifilaxis, induciendo su remisión completa.

Construction and characterization of a bio-detector for inflammatory bowel disease / 生物工程学报

Genetically engineered intestinal microbes could be powerful tools to detect and treat intestine inflammation due to their non-invasive character, low costs, and convenience. Intestinal inflammation is usually detected along with an increasing concentration of thiosulfate and tetrathionate molecules in the intestines. ThsSR and TtrSR are two-component biosensors to detect the presence of thiosulfate and tetrathionate molecules, respectively. In real-life intestinal inflammation detection, sophisticated instruments are needed if using fluorescent proteins as reporters. However, chromoproteins and other colored small molecules, which can be seen by the unaided eye, could extend the use of ThsSR and TtrSR biosensors to detect intestine inflammation. The feasibility of ThsSR and TtrSR systems was tested by monitoring the fluorescence intensity of sfGFP in response to the concentration of thiosulfate and tetrathionate, followed by the incorporation of the two systems into Escherichia coli Top10 and E. coli Nissle 1917. The potential for the real-life application of the two systems was further corroborated by substituting sfGFP with a series of chromoproteins and a protoviolaceinic acid synthesis cassette as reporter genes. The results indicated that signal expression of the new systems had a positive correlation with the concentration of tetrathionate and thiosulfate molecules. Thus, the modified ThsSR and TtrSR system may potentially be applied in the human body for the detection of intestinal inflammation.

Calcifilaxis / Calciphylaxis

La calcifilaxis es una vasculopatía caracterizada por isquemia y necrosis cutánea dolorosa debida a calcificación, fibroplastia de la íntima y trombosis de las arteriolas paniculares. Compromete más frecuentemente a pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica terminal y tiene muy elevada mortalidad. La biopsia de las lesiones cutáneas se utiliza como método diagnóstico. No se han registrado hallazgos específicos de laboratorio. Las lesiones cutáneas generalmente comienzan en las extremidades a modo de moteado violáceo doloroso similar al livedo reticularis. La evolución natural es hacia úlceras y escaras. La primera línea de tratamiento consiste en el cuidado de las lesiones cutáneas y antibioticoterapia. El tiosulfato sódico se utiliza como tratamiento debido a su actividad como antioxidante y quelante. Se presentan dos casos clínicos.

Calciphylaxis is vasculopathy characterized by ischemia and painful skin necrosis due to calcification and intimal fibroplasia of thrombosis of the panicular arterioles. It most frequently compromises patients with terminal chronic renal failure and has a high mortality rate. Biopsy of skin lesions is used as a diagnostic method. No specific laboratory findings have been recorded. Skin lesions usually begin in the extremities like a painful purplish mottling similar to "livedo reticularis". The natural evolution is to ulcers and bedsores. The first line of treatment involves the care of skin lesions and antibiotic therapy. Sodium thiosulfate is used as treatment due to its antioxidant activity and as a chelating. Two clinical cases are here reported.

Histopathological evaluation of tumor necrosis and volume after cyanogenic chemotherapy

PURPOSE: To determine the percentage of tumoral necrosis and volume after cyanogenic chemotherapy. METHODS: Histopathological findings of 20 Swiss mice inoculated subcutaneously in the left abdominal wall with 0.05 ml of cell suspension containing 2.5 x 105 viable cells of the Ehrlich tumor were evaluated. The tumor response to cyanogenic chemotherapy was determined using a system that comprises two inhibition factors of tumor growth by calculating the percentage of necrosis in the tumor tissue and calculation of tumor volume in treated animals relative to that in control animals. The importance of this system has been validated by the correlation between tumor inhibition in the groups treated with the respective percentages of necrosis. RESULTS: While the control group presented an average of 13.48 ± 14.71% necrosis and average tumor volume of 16.18 ± 10.94, the treated group had an average of 42.02 ± 11.58 and 6.8 ± 3.57, respectively. The tumor inhibition was significantly associated with treatment (p=0.0189). The analysis of necrosis percentage showed a significant prognostic importance (p=0.0001). CONCLUSION: It is concluded that the effect of cyanogenic chemotherapy showed strong inhibitory action of tumor growth, as well as an increase in its area of necrosis. .

Sulfane sulfur deficiency in malignant cells, increasing the inhibiting action of acetone cyanohydrin in tumor growth

PURPOSE: To demonstrate the irreversible poisoning action of the acetone cyanohydrin (AC) in malignant cells. METHODS: Thirty male Swiss mice were inoculated with 1x10³ Ehrlich tumor (ET) cells. The mice were divided into three groups (n=10): CG (saline); ACG1 (1.864 mg/Kg of AC) and ACG2 (2.796 mg/Kg of AC), treated every 48 hours from day 3 until day 13. On day 15 the mice were euthanized and the number of viable cells in ascites was determined. In the meantime, ET cells were incubated with AC (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 μg/mL). Cell viability and percentage of growth inhibition (PGI) were checked after one, two, three, four, 18 and 24 hours. RESULTS: There was reduction in volume and number of viable cells in ACG1 and ACG2 compared to CG. In ACG1 one of the animals did not present ascites. In ACG2 two mice did not present ascites and in CG none of the mice present ascites. The action of AC was dose and time dependent and there was no significant difference among the three doses. CONCLUSION: The acetone cyanohydrin promoted reduction of the tumor and also prevented tumor development in 20% of the treated animals.

Antidotes of cyanide intoxication

Cyanide poisoning can occur from industrial disasters, smoke inhalation from fire, food, and multiple other sources. Cyanide inhibits mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation by blocking mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase, which in turn results in anaerobic metabolism and depletion of adenosine triphosphate in cells. Rapid administration of antidote is crucial for life saving in severe cyanide poisoning. Multiple antidotes are available for cyanide poisoning. The action mechanism of cyanide antidotes include formation of methemoglobin, production of less or no toxic complex, and sulfane sulfur supplementation. At present, the available antidotes are amyl nitrite, sodium nitrite, sodium thiosulfate, hydroxocobalamin, 4-dimethylaminophenol, and dicobalt edetate. Amyl nitrite, sodium nitrite, and 4-dimethylaminophenol induce the formation of methemoglobin. Sodium thiosulfate supplies the sulfane sulfur molecule to rhodanese, allowing formation of thiocyanate and regeneration of native enzymes. Hydroxocobalamin binds cyanide rapidly and irreversibly to form cyanocobalamin. Dicobalt edetate acts as a chelator of cyanide, forming a stable complex. Based on the best evidence available, a treatment regimen of 100% oxygen and hydroxocobalamin, with or without sodium thiosulfate, is recommended for cyanide poisoning. Amyl nitrite and sodium nitrite, which induce methemoglobin, should be avoided in victims of smoke inhalation because of serious adverse effects.

Comparative research on the adverse reaction of the intravenous injection of sodium thiosulfate and calcium gluconate / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To compare the incidence of adverse reaction,clinical manifestation and serious degree of adverse reaction and the intravenous injection time of the two different drugs,and provide references for the safe dosage of the drugs in clinic.Methods 200 patients from June 2009 to June 2010,who visited department of dermatology because of allergic dermatitis were chosen.They were randomly divided into the sodium thiosulfate group and the calcium gluconate group according to the drugs which were injected intravenouly.And incidence of adverse reaction,clinical manifestation and serious degree of adverse reaction and the intravenous injection time were compared between two groups.Results Compared with the calcium gluconate group,the rate of the adverse reaction of the sodium thiosulfate group is lower,and the average time needed is shorter,in addition,there is no serious adverse reaction during injection.Conclusions Intravenous injection of sodium thiosulfate has the advantage of lower incidence of adverse reaction,shorter time needed,and fewer serious adverse reaction,which is worthy of wide spread.

Inibidor da ação do etileno na conservação pós-colheita de Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cv. Dragon / Inhibitor of ethylene action in postharvest conservation of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cv. Dragon

A durabilidade e a qualidade pós-colheita de flores de corte são atributos fundamentais na sua valoração ao longo da cadeia produtiva e na satisfação dos consumidores. Objetivou-se, nesta pesquisa, verificar o efeito do tiossulfato de prata, associado ou não à sacarose, na manutenção da qualidade pós-colheita de hastes de crisântemos (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cv. Dragon) . O experimento foi conduzido sob delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial testando soluções de manutenção com tiossulfato de prata (STS), sob cinco níveis (Água destilada; STS a 0,2 mM; STS a 0,2 mM + sacarose a 50 g L-1; STS a 0,4 mM; STS a 0,4 mM + sacarose a 50 g L-1); e data de amostragem, por três níveis (0; 3; 6 dias). Utilizaram-se três repetições com duas hastes florais em cada tratamento. Foram feitas avaliações físicas: coloração, massa fresca e conteúdo relativo de água (CRA); avaliações químicas: açúcares redutores e pigmentos; e avaliações qualitativas: turgescência, cor das flores, e número de botões, flores entreabertas e abertas. O tratamento com 0,2 mM de STS possibilitou melhor manutenção da massa fresca das hastes. A concentração de pigmentos e carboidratos redutores foi maior naqueles tratamentos em que a sacarose foi associada. A coloração e o conteúdo relativo de água foram favorecidos nos tratamentos STS a 0,2 e 0,4mM. A concentração de 0,2 mM de STS foi a que obteve os melhores resultados, prolongando a vida de vaso das hastes. A qualidade das hastes foi superior, tendo as melhores avaliações de conteúdo de água, cor e turgescência.

The durability and postharvest quality of cut flowers are fundamental attributes in value along the production chain and in consumer satisfaction. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of chemical inhibitors of ethylene action on maintaining the postharvest quality of chrysanthemum stems (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cv. Dragon). The experiment tested maintenance solutions with silver thiosulfate (STS) under five levels (distilled water, a 0.2 mM STS, the STS 0.2 mM + sucrose at 50 g L-1, STS at 0.4 mM; STS at 0.4 mM + sucrose at 50 g L-1), and date of sampling, for three levels (0, 3, 6 days). Three replications with two flower stems in each treatment were used in the experiment. Physical assessments were made: color, fresh mass and relative water content; chemical evaluations: reducing sugars and pigments, and qualitative assessments: turgidity, flower color, and number of buds, open flowers and partially open flowers. Treatment with 0.2 mM STS resulted in better maintenance of fresh mass of stems. The concentration of pigments and reducing sugar was higher in those treatments in which sucrose was associated. The color and relative water content were favored in treatments STS 0.2 mM and 0.4 mM. The concentration of 0.2 mM STS obtained the best results, prolonging the vase life the stems. The quality of these stems was higher, with the best assessments of water content, color and turgidity.

Virulence Characteristics of Sucrose-fermenting Vibrio vulnificus Strains / 대한진단검사의학회지

We identified 6 sucrose-fermenting Vibrio vulnificus strains and examined their virulence characteristics. They were all encapsulated, motile, capable of producing toxins and utilizing transferrin-bound iron, cytotoxic to cultured cells, and virulent enough to kill mice. They could be definitely identified only by genetic identification methods such as PCR, and not by conventional culture-based identification methods such as API 20E (bioMerieux, France). These results indicate that it is essential to adopt genetic approaches as early as possible in order to avoid misdiagnosis of such strains, especially in clinical situations.

Isolation,Identification and Characterization of Thiosulfate-oxidizing Bacterium TX / 微生物学通报

A thiosulfate-oxidizing bacterium TX was isolated from polysulfide wastewater treatment system.It was preliminarily identified as Halothiobacillus sp.according to its morphological,physiological proper-ties and similarity analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence(GenBank accession No.EU871645).This bacte-rium was an obligate chemolithoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacterium since it could utilize thiosulfate,elemental sulfur,tetrathionate,sulfide or sulfite as sole energy source but did not show growth on the me-dium with glucose,sucrose,fructose,lactose,mannose or yeast extract as sole carbon source.The optimal growth condition for thiosulfate oxidation was 30?C~35?C and pH 3.0~5.0 respectively.Significant reduc-tion in medium pH from 4.0 to 1.2 was observed due to oxidation of thiosulfate to sulfate during the batch culture incubation period.During the course of thiosulfate oxidation accumulation of tetrathionate was ob-served either in synthetic medium or in the mixed liquor from aeration tank of the polysulfide wastewater treatment system.This indicates that the "S4 intermediate(S4I)" pathway was responsible for thiosulfate oxidation in this bacterium.

A Simple and Accurate Method for Determining Antioxidative Activity

Antioxidative activity is an important factor in inhibiting oxidative stress. The usual methods for determining antioxidative activity are time-consuming and cumbersome. They are also indirect processes that use biological material such as brain or liver microsome. This study therefore proposed a new method. Redoxpotential was determined using galvanic cell with or without the addition of various antioxidants or herbal extracts in zinc sulfate solution. The result was compared with the results from the TBA method and the peroxide value from sodium thiosulfate titration. All methods showed significant and dose-dependent enhancement of antioxidative activity by adding ascorbic acid, quercetin, ginseng, or gingko biloba extract. The result of redox potential using galvanic cell showed the smallest standard deviation and took the shortest time among the three methods. Therefore, the antioxidative potential of chemical substances and herbal extracts can be determined simply, directly and accurately in a short period of time using galvanic cell.

Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activities in cholestatic rat liver induced by common bile duct ligation

We have investigated the effect of cholestasis on the hepatic thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (rhodanese) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UDP-GT) activities in rats. Rhodanese activities in the liver cytosol, mitochondria and microsomal fractions as well as in the rat serum, and UDP-GT activity in the microsome have been investigated for a period of 42 days after common bile duct (CBD) ligation. The cytosolic rhodanese activity showed a significant decrease between the first through the 42nd day, and the mitochondrial activity showed a significant decrease between the 7th through the 42nd day after CBD ligation compared to the activities from the sham operated control, respectively. In the case of microsomal preparation, both rhodanese and UDP-GT also showed significant decrease in their activities after the ligation for the former enzyme between the 14th and the 42nd days, and for the latter enzyme between the third and 42nd days, respectively. On the other hand, the serum rhodanese activity increased markedly soon after the ligation, exhibiting the peak activity after 1 day of CBD ligation with about 4.6-fold increment. The activity subsequently decreased gradually reaching to the control level at the 42nd day post-ligation. Enzyme kinetic parameters of hepatic rhodanese and UDP-GT were analyzed using sodium thiosulfate and p-nitrophenol as substrates, respectively, with the preparations from the 28th day post-ligation. The results indicated that although the K-m values of these enzymes were about the same as the sham-operated control, the V-max values of the both enzymes decreased significantly. These results, therefore, suggest that the biosynthesis of rhodanese and UDP-GT have been reduced in response to cholestasis, and that the elevation of rhodanese activity in the serum is most likely due to leakage from the liver subsequent to CBD ligation.

Effectiveness of Magnesium Oxide and Sodium Thiosulfate in Calcium Oxalate Crystallization / 대한비뇨기과학회지

We investigated the comparative effect of magnesium and thiosulfate on the calcium oxalate crystallization. Magnesium is a strong inhibitor of calcium oxalate crystallization and it is sported to inhibit calcium phophate by about 20%. Even if it's mechanism is not clearly known, thiosulfat can resolve 250~100,000 times more than other calcium salts when it is combined with calcium. Wistar rats were fed by 1.0% ethylene glycol (EG) mixed with water. 500mg of magnesium oxide (MgO) per 100gm chows and 10mMo1 of S2O3 per 100gm chows were provided by oral intake respectively. Forty eight wistar rats were divided into following 6 groups. Each group has equal 8 wistar rats; A group (normal chow and water), B group (normal chow and 1%EG), C group (MgO and 1%EG), D group (MgO and water), E group (S2O3 and 1%EG), and F group (S2O3 and water). First, we examined calcium oxalate crystallization on bladder aspiration urine for 6 groups before the experiment and every week for 4 weeks after the experiment. Second, we also examined the degree of formation of calcium oxalate crystallization in renal tissue under polarizing microscope. Calcium oxalate crystallization was found in all 8 wistar rats in B group while it was not round in A, D, F group. Calcium oxalate crystallization was also found in one out of 8 wistar rats in C group, and 5 out of 8 wistar rats in E group. In conclusion, we believe that both MgO and sodium thiosulfate are effective in preventing calcium oxalate stone, and we also believe MgO is more elective than sodium thiosulfate. We think that further researches on administrating methods, the side effects and dosage of these two agents in human are necessary.

“TWO-ROUTE CHEMOTHERAPY”USING AHIGH-DOSE OF HD-CISPLATINE IN ARTERIAL INFUSION / 昆明医科大学学报

Eight patients with malignant tumors, testified by pathological examination. were treated by " Two-Route Chemotherapy" using a high dose of HD-Cisp latine in arterial infusion (AI). Among them 5 cases were primary or metastatic liver carcinoma, 3 cases were Ⅲ-Ⅳ stage breast carcinoma.One or two courses were given in each patient. The dosage of DDP in the first course was 80 - 100mg/m~2. the second was 120-150mg/m~2 with STS Ⅳ as a protective agent. The total lasted 14 courses.When DDF was given alone in AI, the serum creatine level increased temporarily, but there was no significant increase when both DDP and sodi um thiosulfate were given.Results: Among 5 cases of liver carcinomas I was complete response 3 were partial response and 1 was stable. Among 3 cases of Ⅲ-Ⅳ stage of breast carcinomas, all were partial response, giving a response rate of 8 (?) (7/8).