Discrimination and Quantification of Gleditisa sinensis Powder with Adulterants Using NIR Combined with Pattern Recognition Analysis / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To discriminate and quantify of Gleditsia japonica Miq. thorn (SZJ) and Gleditsia microphylla Gordon ex Y. T. Lee thorn (YZJ) in the Gleditsia sinensis Lam thorn (GST). METHODS: Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIR) combined with linear discriminate analysis (LDA), support vector machine (SVM), as while as back propagation neural network (BPNN) algorithms were applied to construct the identification models. The SZJ and YZJ content in adulterated GST were determined by partial least squares regression (PLSR). RESULTS: The SVM models performance best compared with LDA and BP-NN models for it could reach 100% accuracy in training and validation set for identifying authentic GST and GST adulterated with SZJ and YZJ based on the spectral region of 5 000-4 200 cm-1 combined with SG+VN processing. The rp, RMSEP (the root mean standard error of prediction) and bias for the prediction by PLS regression model were 0.993, 2.919% and -0.330 3 for SZJ, 0.995, 2.57% and 0.364 9 for YZJ, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the combination of NIR spectroscopy and chemometric methods offers a simple, fast and reliable method for classifification and quantifification of SZJ and YZJ adulterants in the GST.

Ethnobotanical Potential and Phytochemical Screening of Bombax ceiba L.

Traditional knowledge of medicinal plants is showing important and significant values to society. One of the important trees growing in the Panchmahal region, Bombax ceiba, has immersed medicinal values sited in few kinds of literature. Local populations utilizing various parts of Bombax ceiba as medicines are to be known scientifically through traditional inputs. The present study was undertaken to emphasis the secondary metabolites present in different parts of B. ceiba growing region in Panchmahal, district. Traditional information about plant/tree in generally available related to leaves, trunk, root, fruits etc. the current study deals with knowledge of flowers along with thereof B. ceiba growing in Panchmahal district. Investigation for qualitative analysis of thorn, petals, and androecium was carried out for the tree B. ceiba growing in Panchamahal district.

A Removed Chestnut Thorn after Corneal Incision

PURPOSE: To report the surgical technique to remove a chestnut thorn through a corneal incision. CASE SUMMARY: A 54-year-old female visited our clinic complaining of a sudden foreign body sensation and conjunctival injection in her left eye after picking chestnuts 4 days prior to her visit. Visual acuity of both eyes was 1.0 and the intraocular pressures were within normal limits. Slit lamp examination revealed that a chestnut thorn had deeply penetrated the left corneal stroma and a small number of inflammatory cells were observed in the anterior chamber. There was no corneal defect stained with fluorescein and the Seidel test was negative. A corneal foreign body comprised of a chestnut thorn and its remnants was diagnosed and emergency surgery was performed. A partial corneal incision was made along the foreign body and the exposed foreign body was easily and completely removed. The patient was treated with topical antibiotics after surgery and no complication was observed during a follow-up period of 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: In the case of a corneal foreign body comprised of a chestnut thorn, the foreign body with its remnants were easily removed by performing a partial corneal incision.

Babool Thorn in the Root Canal of a Tooth with an Immature Apex: A Case Report and Its Management.

Many children with a habit of placing various objects in the oral cavity eventually end up with foreign body lodgement into the pulp chamber or root canal leading to pain and infection. This case reports babool thorn (Acacia nilotica) as foreign body in the root canals and the successful removal of thorns by nonsurgical technique and its management is presented. A 13 year old boy reported with chief complain of pain and swelling in an upper front tooth region since 1 month. A detail history elicited from the patient that he had suffered dental trauma 4½ years back. Both 11, 21 teeth were discoloured and non vital (Ellis Class IV #). During the biomechanical preparation, Babool thorns were accidentally found from 21, in total 12 babool thorns were recovered and both the teeth were further managed by successful apexification procedure with Biodentine (Septodont) followed by RCT and full crown restoration.

Clinical observation of 15 cases of corneal foreign body injuries caused by chestnut thorns / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Abstract?AIM:To investigate the effective treatment methods of corneal injury caused by chestnut thorns and the factors affecting the disease progression.?METHODS: From Jul.2014 to Oct.2015, the clinical data of 15 patients(15 eyes) with corneal injury caused by chestnut thorns in Ophthalmology Inpatient Department of Wuhan Tongji Hospital was retrospective analyzed. The patients without fungal keratitis were treated with the surgery of removing chestnut thorn from cornea and antifungal drugs. For the patients complicated with fungal keratitis, besides surgery of removing chestnut thorn and antifungal drugs, anterior chamber irrigation and corneal stroma injection with fluconazole solution were given to treat the disease.If necessary, amniotic membrane transplantation or keratoplasty was also given to the patients complicated with fungal keratitis. After that, the effectiveness of those methods and the factors affecting progression were analyzed.?RESULTS:For 11 patients without fungal keratitis, the average time between corneal injury and receiving treatment at Tongji Hospital was 1-7 (2.42±2.15) d and for 4 patients complicated with fungal keratitis, the average time was 3-30 (18.25±4.35)d.Among 15 cases, statistics suggested that the average number of chestnut thorn in patients complicated with fungal keratitis was 4.5, and all the chestnut thorn penetrated the cornea into the anterior chamber.The average number of chestnut thorn in patients without fungal keratitis was 3.5, and the proportion of chestnut thorn penetrated the cornea into the anterior chamber was 28.5%.After treatment, all patients had no new fungal keratitis or other complications.Those results indicated that the different treatments for the patients with or without fungal keratitis were all effective.?CONCLUSION:The factors affecting the progression of cornea foreign body injury caused by chestnut thorn are the number of chestnut thorn, whether chestnut thorn penetrate the cornea into the anterior chamber, time since injury, active anti -fungal therapy. If patients complicated with fungal keratitis could be treated with antifungal agents and anterior chamber irrigation or corneal stroma injection using fluconazole solution without delay, the progress of fungal keratitis could be effectively controlled, and favorable conditions for further therapy such as amniotic membrane transplantation or keratoplasty could be provided.

Effect of Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. fruit extract on cysteamine induced duodenal ulcer in rats.

The edible fruits of Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. are traditionally used for various gastric complications in India. Here, we investigated the antiulcer activity of hydroalcoholic fruit extract of P. dulce (HAEPD) by applying cysteamine induced duodenal ulcer model in rats. Duodenal ulcer was induced in male albino Wistar rats by oral administration of cysteamine @ 420 mg/kg body wt. as a single dose. The rats were pre-administered orally with HAEPD @ 200 mg/kg body wt. for 30 days prior to ulcer induction. Rats pre-administered with ranitidine @ 30 mg/kg body wt. served as reference drug control. Ulcer score, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glycoproteins, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione levels were measured in the duodenum. Rats pre-administered with the HAEPD showed significantly reduced ulcer score comparable to that of ranitidine pretreated rats. The co-administration of HAEPD lowered the TBARS level and also restored the levels of glycoproteins, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Histopathological observations confirmed the presence of inflammation, necrosis and hemorrhagic spots in the duodenum of ulcer control rats which were significantly reduced due to HAEPD treatment. No abnormal alterations were observed in normal rats treated with HAEPD at the dosage studied. The results demonstrated antioxidant and cytoprotective nature of P. dulce, and thereby its significant anti ulcer property.

Investigation on the Acute and Subacute Toxicity of Alhagi Graecorum in Experimental Animals.

Little is known about the acute and subacute toxicity of Alhagi Graecorum (Camel Thorn) in mice. The aim of this study is to investigate the acute toxicity (LD50) and sub acute toxicity of camel thorn in mice. For determination of LD50, mice weighing 25-30 g were divided into nine groups each of 6 animals and received 130, 330, 660, 1300, 2600, 4200, 5000, 5900 and 6900 mg/kg orally of camel thorn water extract respectively. The sign and symptoms of toxicity and the number of died animals in each group were registered and the LD50 was calculated.Another group of Male albino mice weighed 25-30 g were divided into control and different treated group each of 6 mice and placed in the metabolism cages that allowed daily measurement of food and water consumption. The control received normal saline whereas the other groups received 130, 660, 1300 mg/kg (i.p, daily) of camel thorn extract (CTE)respectively, for two weeks.. The animals were weighed daily for any sign of reduction or gain of body weight. The food and water consumption were daily calculated. At the end of this experiment, the mice were killed and blood was collected and used for the determination of glucose and the serum creatinine,urea, aspartate, aminotransferase, (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels.The liver of the animals were removed,fixed in 10%formaline for histopathological investigation. The LD50 was equal to 5400mg/kg.Results of sub acute toxicity studies revealed that no significant weight reduction were observed in treated groups as compared to control, however the food consumption was significantly increased in the mice received 660mg/kg of CTE . Also the water consumption was significantly decreased in the animal receiving 1300mg/kg of CTE.

Pantoea agglomerans infection behaving like a tumor after plant thorn injury: An unusual presentation.

Pantoea agglomerans infections in humans are uncommon. Most common infections reported are septic arthritis or synovitis. We report the case of a 25-year-old, healthy male, who presented with indurated swelling over the posterolateral aspect of his right thigh, associated with pain for one month. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed muscle edema with cystic areas in the posterior-most part of the vastus lateralis of the right thigh. The condition was clinically diagnosed as a right-sided benign tumor of the vastus lateralis muscle. However, Pantoea agglomerans was isolated on a culture of the excised muscle tissue. On the basis of the awareness of the common association of Pantoea with penetrating trauma by vegetation, the patient was asked to recollect any prior such injury. He then gave a history of a fall in the field and a plant thorn prick in the thigh four years back, when he was an agricultural worker. We emphasize the importance of Pantoea agglomerans infection of the soft tissues that can have an atypical presentation as a non-suppurative, indurated, muscle cyst in our case. Thorn injuries are usually ignored as trivial incidents, however, Pantoea infections should always be borne in mind when encountering soft tissue lesions, as antibiotic treatment is required for complete resolution of the lesion.

Characterization of DNA polymorphisms in Caryocar brasiliense (Camb.) in populations with and without thorn at the endocarp by RAPD markers

Caryocar brasiliense (pequi), is one of the main species at the biome of the Brazilian savannah due to its use in culinary, popular medicine, industry in general, and iron and steel industry. At São José do Xingu (MT), a tree of C. brasiliense without thorn at the endocarp was found, which enables the improvement of C. brasiliense not only for consumption but also to the high appreciation it already has. To detect the existing differences between the pequi with and without the thorn at the endocarp, RADP markers were used. The generated polymorphisms were cloned and sequenced in order to identify the sequences that are responsible for the fenotypical alteration. It was observed that the pequi without thorn is genetically isolated from the other populations of pequi with thorn at the endocarp, proving that this characteristic is related to the genetic divergence of the species. Analysis in BLASTn evidenced the similarity of the Dof1 genes of Zea mays to its gene of phosphinotricin acetyl transferase. In the analysis of BLASTx, the similarity was verified to the proteins responsible for the deficiency in ferric reductase 4, and catalase.

Pequi, Caryocar brasiliense, é uma das espécies de destaqueno bioma do cerrado brasileiro, devido a sua utilização na medicina, na culinária popular, indústria em geral, e na do ferro e do aço. Na região de São José do Xingu (MT), uma árvore de pequi sem espinho no endocarpo foi encontrado e isso permite melhorar pequi não só para o consumo, aproveitando a alta apreciação que já possui. Para detectar as diferenças existentes entre o genoma de pequi com e sem espinho no endocarpo, marcadores moleculares RAPD foram utilizados. Os polimorfismos gerados foram clonados e sequenciados, a fim de identificar as sequências responsáveis pela alteração fenotípica. Observou-se que o pequi sem espinho é geneticamente isolado de outras populações de pequi com espinho no endocarpo, provando que essa característica está relacionada com a divergência genética da espécie. Análise em Blastn evidenciou a similaridade dos genes Dof1 e com o gene da fosfinotricina-acetiltransferase de Z. mays. Na análise da BLASTx, a similaridade foi verificada com as proteínas responsáveis pela deficiência de ferro 4 redutase e catalase.