ABSTRACT
The quality of moxa is an important factor affecting moxibustion therapy, and traditionally, 3-year moxa is considered optimal, although scientific data are lacking. This study focused on 1-year and 3-year moxa from Artemisia stolonifera and A. argyi(leaf-to-moxa ratio of 10∶1) as research objects. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM), Van Soest method, and simultaneous thermal analysis were used to investigate the differences in the combustion heat quality of 1-year and 3-year moxa and their influencing factors. The results showed that the combustion of A. stolonifera moxa exhibited a balanced heat release pattern. The 3-year moxa released a concentrated heat of 9 998.84 mJ·mg~(-1)(accounting for 54% of the total heat release) in the temperature range of 140-302 ℃, with a heat production efficiency of 122 mW·mg~(-1). It further released 7 512.51 mJ·mg~(-1)(accounting for 41% of the total heat release) in the temperature range of 302-519 ℃. The combustion of A. argyi moxa showed a rapid heat release pattern. The 3-year moxa released a heat of 16 695.28 mJ·mg~(-1)(accounting for 70% of the total heat release) in the temperature range of 140-311 ℃, with an instantaneous power output of 218 mW·mg~(-1). It further released 5 996.95 mJ·mg~(-1)(accounting for 25% of the total heat release) in the temperature range of 311-483 ℃. Combustion parameters such as-R_p,-R_v, D_i, C, and D_b indicated that the combustion heat quality of 3-year moxa was superior to that of 1-year moxa. It exhibited greater combustion heat, heat production efficiency, flammability, mild and sustained burning, and higher instantaneous combustion efficiency. This study utilized scientific data to demonstrate that A. stolonifera could be used as excellent moxa, and the quality of 3-year moxa surpassed that of 1-year moxa. The research results provide a scientific basis for the in-depth development of A. stolonifera moxa and the improvement of moxa quality standards.
Subject(s)
Artemisia , Hot Temperature , Moxibustion , Plant LeavesABSTRACT
Aim: The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of undernutrition in terms of low birth weight, stunting, wasting, and underweight among children up to 3 years of age. Materials and Methods: We recruited 150 children of the Bhoksa Tribe aged between 2 to 36 months. Information related to nutritional indicators (length-for-age, weight-for-age, and weight-for-length) of the child and socio-demographic variables of the household were collected. Results: The prevalence of undernutrition in terms of low birth weight, stunting, wasting, and underweight was 15.4%, 32%, 29.98%, and 36.66%, respectively. The prevalence percentage of undernutrition was high among girls but the difference based on sex was not significant. A significant difference in mean birth weight was observed between low and high SES (2.45 kg v/s 2.93 kg). Conclusion: High prevalence of undernutrition concerning birth weight among the children of the Bhoksa Tribe was observed which may be due to socioeconomic inequality in the population.
ABSTRACT
[Objective] To study Yi Pian of Su Wenand its author. [Method] Using the method of documents index and collection and research to make comprehensive texual research onYi Pian of Su Wento prove the origin from the aspect of term and verb and rhetoric and so on. [Result]Yi Pian of Su Wenis the work after Tang Dynasty,quoting fromXuan Zhu Mi Yu.The rhetoric of it is not the usage before Han Dynasty,for example,black corps,green corps,red corps and so on.We can see the usage of Jia Ling in the work,which was begun fromShang Han Za Bing Lunrather than Nei Jing.The understanding of Yun Qi theory inherited from the theory of Wang Bing.Many therapeutic methods were created by LIU Wenshu instead of WANG Bing orNei Jing. LIU Wenshu wroteSu Wen Ru Shi Yun Qi Lun Aowhich was based on seven sheets of Yun Qi and the theory of WANG Bing,possessing the theory basis ofYi Pian of Su Wen.[Conclusion] Thus we regarded theYi Pian of Su Wenas the work of LIU Wenshu who had made a great contribution to the theory of Five Yun and Six Qi.Su Wen Ru Shi Yun Qi Lun Aoclarified the truth of Yun Qi by plotting,creating Gan Zhi Qi Yun and Si Tian Jue. LIU Wenshu made the theory of Tian Di Jia Zi ,which was founded inXuan Zhu Mi Yu,as the theoretical foundation of'transformation of plague in three years'.He developed the theory and put forward the treatment method.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the ethnic differences on nutritional status of children under three years old,in the western areas of China and to indentify the affecting factors.Methods 14 072children under the age of three years and their mothers were recruited,using the proportion population sampling method in 45 counties in the western areas of China.Height and weight were used as the measurement on nutrition of children.Results Height and weight of children with Han,Uyghur,Tibetan and Zhuang ethnicities were all lower than the WHO standards and with differences on height and weight among them.There were also ethnic differences on the status of malnutrition.Prevalence rates of stunting were 14.7％,20.3％,26.9％ and 26.5％ for Han,Uyghur,Tibetan and Zhuang ethnicities,respectively.Prevalence rates of underweight were 6.1％,10.7％,6.8％ and 15.5％ among the Han,Uyghur,Tibetan and Zhuang ethnicities,respectively.The prevalence rates of wasting were 4.2％,5.3％,2.9％,8.9％,and of under nutrition were 19.2％,25.5％,30.3％ and 36.5％ for the Han,the Uyghur,the Tibetan and the Zhuang ethnicities,respectively.When factors as family size,years of schooling of parents,family numbers,sex,age (months),mother' s height and weight,ways of feeding and sources of family income etc.were adjusted,children with Uyghur,Tibetan,Zhuang and other ethnicities were still presented more malnutrition than the children with Han ethnicity.Conclusion There were differences on malnutrition status of children under the age of three years among the studies on different ethnicities.Undemutrition was less than nutritional status,seen in children of the Han nationality than other minority ethnicites.Ethnicity seemed to be related to differences in the nutritional status of children in western China while children of the Han nationality would be better than other minorities on nutritional status if they were in same living conditionals.
ABSTRACT
Patients with relapsing eye diseases can be treated using Kampo medicine to prevent recurrence. In our 30-year experience, only 27 patients have been treated with a Kampo formula aimed at preventing recurrence. Their conditions have included hordeolum, multiple chalazion, subconjunctival hemorrhage, filamentary keratitis, corneal herpes, Posner-Schlossman syndrome, central serous chorioretinopathy and vitreous hemorrhage. Of our patients with these conditions, the number with a successful Kampo treatment outcome for more than 3 years has been 12, when following the principles of Kampo medicine, i.e., “treatment according to a Kampo pattern of identification.”It is considered difficult to prevent recurrence in patients with relapsing eye disease, but our results indicate the effectiveness of Kampo medicine for such patients and, therefore, we believe Kampo medicine should be used continuously for these conditions in the future.In addition, there are no standard guidelines regarding a treatment time required to confirm success in preventing a recurrence in patients with relapsing disease, but we assume that it should to be more than 3 or 4 years.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate clinical features in patients with orthophoria over three years after surgical correction of intermittent exotropia. METHODS: Sex, age at onset and surgery, preoperative and postoperative angles of ocular deviation, type of surgery, associated disorders, and preoperative and postoperative binocular sensory status were retrospectively investigated in 27 patients with orthophoria or ocular deviation under 8 prism diopters (PD) at least three years after surgical correction of intermittent exotropia. RESULTS: The mean age at surgery was 5.3+/-4.8 years (range, 2 to 27 years). Ten patients (37.0%) were younger than four at the time of the operation, while 17 (63.0%) were four or older. The mean size of the preoperative exodeviation at distance and near was 27.4+/-7.3PD (range, 15 to 45PD) and 28.2+/-8.5PD (range, 12 to 50PD), respectively. On the first postoperative day, 7 patients (26.0%), 13 patients (48.1%), 6 patients (22.2%), and 1 patient (3.7%) showed esophoria (9 to 15PD), esophoria (under 8PD), orthophoria, exophoria (under 8PD), respectively. Twenty-two patients (81.5%) developed orthophoria within 2 months after surgery. After three years following the operation, 16 patients (59.3%) had developed orthophoria, while 11 patients (40.7%) showed exophoria within 8PD. CONCLUSIONS: At the first postoperative day, most patients (74.1%) were overcorrected, while the rest (25.9%) were either undercorrected or orthophoric. Our investigation showed that patients not initially overcorrected can maintain good results. None of the patients had an A or V pattern of strabismus or dissociated vertical deviation with exodeviation before surgery.