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ObjectiveTo explore the clinical efficacy of three-dimensional motion platform training on balance and walking function of stroke patients. MethodsFrom August, 2021 to August, 2022, 80 stroke patients from Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University were selected and randomly divided into control group (n = 40) and experimental group (n = 40). The control group received routine rehabilitation training, and the experimental group received three-dimensional motion platform training on the basis of routine rehabilitation training. Before and four weeks after treatment, the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Functional Ambulation Category (FAC) and 3D gait analysis (step speed, step frequency, percentage of standing phases on the affected side, percentage of double support phase) were used to assess the balance and walking function of patients. ResultsFour weeks after treatment, the scores of BBS, FAC, and step speed, step frequency, percentage of standing phases on the affected side and percentage of double support phase significantly improved in both groups (|t| > 4.423, |Z| > 5.292, P < 0.001), and they were better in the experimental group than in the control group (|t| > 3.748, |Z| = 2.646, P < 0.05). ConclusionThree-dimensional motion platform training could facilitate to improve the balance and walking function of stroke patients.
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Objective：This study aimed to determine the difference in knee joint range of motion (ROM) and coefficient of variation (CV) during preoperative single-leg squatting in patients who developed ipsilateral lower limb anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) re-injury months after ACL reconstruction and in those who did not have the injury.Methods：Participants included 38 patients with non-contact ACL injuries. All patients underwent single-leg squatting the day before ACL reconstruction. Knee joint ROM and CV were assessed during single-leg squatting using a three-dimensional motion analysis system. We investigated the occurrence of ACL reinjury in the ipsilateral lower limb approximately 30 months after ACL reconstruction. Knee joint ROM and CV were then compared between the postoperative and non-injury groups.Results：The postoperative injury and non-injury groups included 9 and 29 patients, respectively. The knee internal/external rotation ROM and CV of knee varus/valgus ROM were greater in the postoperative injury group than in the postoperative non-injury group.Conclusion：During single-leg squatting before ACL reconstruction surgery, the knee internal/external rotation ROM and CV of knee varus/valgus ROM were suggested to be points of evaluation when considering ACL re-injury prevention.
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The importance of follower loads in maintaining spine biomechanics was described, and the various methods and means of follower load simulations of human spine specimens in vitro in recent years were summarized. By comparison with the real data of range of motion (ROM) and intervertebral disc pressure of human vertebral body, the feasibility of various simulation methods was analyzed from the perspectives of mechanics, and the optimal loading load and torque of human cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae biomechanical experiments were summarized. The effects of conventional spinal internal fixation on biomechanical properties of the spine were also discussed.
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Objective To investigate the clinical value of a three-dimensional motion analysis system by using the body segmental method for testing the balance of hemiplegic stroke patients.Methods Twenty stroke patients with hemiplegia were measured using the lower extremity Fugl-Meyer motor assessment (FMA-L),the Brunel balance assessment (BBA),the Berg balance sale (BBS) and a 5 m timed up-and-go test (5m-TUGT).The three-dimensional motion analysis system using the body segmental method was applied in three positions-sitting,standing and walking.Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to determine the extent of correlation between the values measured by the three-dimensional motion analysis system and the FMA-L,BBA,BBS and 5m-TUGT results.Results Some motion analysis variables (MSAx,MSVx,MSAy,MSVy and SPxy,SP3-D) are recorded in sitting and standing,while the center of gravity (COG) swing in the horizontal plane and some other variables (MSAx,MSVx and SPxy and SP3-D) are measured while walking.Anterior-posterior COG swing had a high negative correlation with the FMA-L,BBA and BBS scores and a high positive correlations with 5m-TUGT times.But except in sitting,MSAz and MSVz were both uncorrelated with FMA-L,BBA or BBS scores or with 5m-TUGT times.COG swing in the horizontal plane in sitting and standing apparently correlates with lower extremity motor function,balance,and walking ability.However,only the X axis swing parameters of the COG while walking correlated with lower extremity motor function,balance or walking ability.Conclusions A three-dimensional motion analysis system using the body segmental method can be used clinically to monitor patients' balance in real time and dynamically in different positions and activities,and it can be used to predict motor function and balance control in hemiplegic stroke patients.
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Objective To investigate the correlation of position movement of primary tumor with interested organs and skin markers,and to investigate the correlation of volume variation of primary tumors and lungs during different respiration phases for patients with lung cancer at free breath condition scanned by four-dimensional CT (4DCT) simulation.Methods 16 patients with lung cancer were scanned at free breath condition by simulation 4DCT which connected to a respiration-monitoring system.A coordinate system was created based on image of T5 phase,gross tumor volume (GTV) and normal tissue structures of 10 phases were contoured.The three dimensional position variation of them were measured and their correlation were analyzed,and the same for the volume variation of GTV and lungs of 10 respiratory phases.Results Movement range of lung cancer in different lobe differed extinct:0.8 - 5.0 mm in upper lobe,5.7 -5.9 mm in middle lobe and 10.2 - 13.7 mm in lower lobe,respectively.Movement range of lung cancer in three dimensional direction was different:z-axis 4.3 mm ± 4.3 mm＞ y-axis 2.2 mm ± 1.0 mm ＞ x-axis 1.7 mm ± 1.5 mm ( x2 =16.22,P =0.000),respectively.There was no statistical significant correlation for movement vector of GTV and interested structures (r =-0.50 - -0.01,P =0.058 - -0.961 ),nor for volume variation of tumor and lung ( r =0.23,P =0.520 ).Conclusions Based on 4DCT,statistically significant differences of GTV centroid movement are observed at different pulmonary lobes and in three dimensional directions.So individual 4DCT measurement is necessary for definition of internal target volume margin for lung cancer.
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Objective To develop a set of loading device that can simulate the spinal movement in vitro so as to carry out the biomechanical experiment on human spine. Methods Based on the principle of bearing, the rotary locking device was designed and fixed on the loading plate, which was rotated to the position for testing and then locked by the bolt before loading. And then, with the auto-loading power provided by the universal testing machine, the pure moment of flexion/extension, left/right bending and left/right axial rotation were applied on the spine specimen to simulate the spinal movement in vivo. Finally, the position of the spine specimen before/after loading was measured by the 3D scanner. With the loading device, the range of motion under these six loading conditions for six fresh (one-year age) porcine cervical spines (C2-C6) was tested, and precision of the loading device as well as error analysis were testified by experiments. Results A set of experimental device for the three-dimensional movement measuring for human spine was developed. Data of neutral zone and range of motion for the porcine cervical spine in six directions were acquired with the total measurement error being less than 3.5％. Conclusions The delicate design of this loading device could simulate the spinal motion in vitro and thus achieve the rapid loading of the human spine. This is an inexpensive, simple and practical device, which can significantly increase the test efficiency and has great application value in loading on the spine in vitro.
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ObjectiveTo analyze characteristic changes of shoulder muscles by investigating surface electromyographic regularity changes before and after the treatment of Frozen shoulders. Methods7 cases of frozen shoulders were selected, surface electromyography (sEMG) before and after treatment were recorded by AMT-8 EMG recorder. The collected data was processed using MATLAB software integrated EMG (IEMG) value were obtained. Then the IEMG data were statistically analyzed using Stata11.0 software and compared. Results ①The differences of abduction deltoid and infraspinatus muscle IEMG values before and after treatment were statistically significant(P ＜0.05), while IEMG values changes of biceps, triceps, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi and trapezius before and after treatment were not statistically significant (P＞0.05); changes of adduction IEMG values of all muscles were not statistically significant (P＞0.05). ②Changes of flexion IEMG values of biceps before and after treatment were statistically significant (P＜0.05), while IEMG values changes of pectoralis major, infraspinatus muscle, latissimus dorsi, trapezius, deltoid, triceps before and after treatment were not statistically significant (P＞0.05). Changes of extension IEMG values of triceps before and after treatment were statistically significant (P＜0.05), while those of pectoralis major, infraspinatus muscle, latissimus dorsi, trapezius, deltoid and biceps were not statistically significant (P＞0.05). ③IEMG values of all the muscles during external rotation, internal rotation before and after treatment IEMG were not significantly different. Conclusion①After treatment, the outreach functions of infraspinatus and deltoid muscles were improved, while adduction functions of all muscles were not improved. ②Flexion function of biceps was improved significantly after treatment as well as extension function of triceps.③Extemal rotation, internal rotation functions of all muscles were not improved significantly.
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Objective : To demonstrate the importance of physical motor function using the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) and three-dimensional motion analysis in Parkinson's disease rehabilitation strategies. Participants : Seventeen inpatients with Parkinson's disease. Intervention : Physical training to improve joint mobility, muscle strength and muscle stretch to increase physical capacity was conducted for about four weeks. Results: The mean total scores of UPDRS significantly decreased from 37.9±13.2 (before training) to 27.3±11.2 (after training). The ADL scores of the UPDRS decreased from 12.4±6.9 (before training) to 9.5±6.3 (after training). The motor scores decreased from 22.5±7.5 to 15.3±6.5. Furthermore, muscle rigidity and akinesia, two key Parkinson symptoms, were improved as shown by assessment of the UPDRS motor scores. And physical function of the trunk, and upper and lower extremities was also improved. Finally, the increment of stride length and walking velocity and range of motion (ROM) at the hip and pelvic joints were observed by assessment of three-dimensional motion analysis. Conclusion : This study suggests that improvement of Parkinson symptoms and increment of ROM at the pelvic and lower limbs by physical training may improve stride length and walking velocity.
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Objective To investigate the reliability and sensitivity of a three dimensional motion analysis system by using the segmental method.Methods Ten healthy young men participated in this study.They were asked to stand with one leg and with their eyes open and closed,respectively,each lasted for 30 seconds and was re- peated twice.According to the 12-segment rigid body model of the human body,twenty-one infrared light emitting di- ode(1RED)markers were placed over the bony prominences on the proximal and distal ends of each segment,the motion track of the IRED markers was recorded by the three dimensional motion analysis system.The mean sway am- plitude( MSA )and the sway path(SP)of the center of gravity(COG)were calculated.Correlation analysis was used to determine the reliability between the two repetitions.Paired sample t-test was used to determine the sensitivity be- tween the eyes open and closed conditions.Results The correlation coefficients of the MSA of the COG in the eyes open and closed conditions were 0.623 and 0.018,respectively,and the correlation coefficients of the SP of the COG were 0.936 and 0.654,respectively.It was also shown that significant differences existed among the three directions of the MSA of the COG and the SP of the COG.Conclusion Besides the weak reliability of the MSA of COG in the eyes closed condition,the high reliability and sensitivity of the MSA and SP of the COG are found.The segmental method can be used in the scientific study of human balance control.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate objectively the postoperative change of the gait pattern in patients with cervical myelopathy through gait analysis. METHODS: Thirty nine patients who underwent cervical decompression and fusion for cervical myelopathy were studied. Preoperatively, gait disturbance was present in all patients. The patients were evaluated with Nurick classification, Functional Independence measure (FIM) score and gait analysis using three dimensional motion analyzer before surgery, 1 week and 3 months after surgery. RESULTS: In the Nurick classification there was statistically significant change but no significant change in FIM score after surgery. In the gait analysis there were statistically significant improvements in all the linear parameters, kinetic (ankle plantarflexion moment) and kinematic (knee range of motion in swing phase) parameters (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that gait analysis can be used as a quantitative tools of postoperative gait improvement in patient with cervical myelopathy.
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Humans , Classification , Decompression , Gait , Range of Motion, Articular , Spinal Cord DiseasesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To measure the lumbar segmental range of motion (ROM) with 3-dimensional motion analysis system and compare the results with radiologic ROM measurements. METHOD: Ten healthy adult volunteers were included. We attached surface markers at the corresponding skin surface of each lumbar vertebral bodies and measured lumbar segmental ROM in flexion-extension, right bending, left bending, axial rotation with 3-D motion analysis. We compared some of the results with radiologic segmental ROM measurements. RESULTS: In 3-D motion analysis, segmental ROM of flexion and extension, right bending, left bending, right rotation, left rotation were, respectively: 10.1degrees, 45degrees, 3.5degrees, 1.7degrees and 1.9degrees(L1-L2); 17.9degrees, 6.2degrees, 5.1degrees, 1.4degrees and 1.1degrees (L2-L3); 15.0degrees, 7.2degrees, 4.9degrees, 2.1degrees and 1.1degrees (L3-L4); 14.9degrees, 5.8degrees, 4.6degrees, 1.7degree and 1.6degree (L4-L5); 10.6degrees, 4.9degrees, 3.8degree, 2.6degree and 0.8degree (L5-S1). There was no statistically significant difference in segmental ROM between 3-D motion analysis measurements and radiologic measurements except L5-S1 right bending, L2-L3 and L5-S1 left bending. No statistical significant difference in lumbar flexion and bending ROM was found between two methods. CONCLUSION: 3-D motion analysis is a useful method when measuring the lumbar segmental range of motion and it has an advantage to analyze segmental lumbar motion with three directions simultaneously.
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Adult , Humans , Range of Motion, Articular , Skin , VolunteersABSTRACT
Objective To understand the characteristics of subtalar joint motion and to probe a new method in evaluating the subtalar joint. Methods Eight fresh frozen adult shank-foot specimens with calcaneus marked were placed in a Cartesian coordinate system. The motion of the subtalar joint was obtained through matrix translation and Euler equation. Comparatively, the same specimens were underwent CT scan and established three dimensional reconstruction through the radiographic method. Results Both the mechanical and the radiographic methods had no significant difference in reflecting the motion of subtalar joint in coronal and transversal plane. Conclusion To evaluate the motion of subtalar joint with mechanical method was more precise, economic and easier to perform. Although the radiographic method had considerable discrepancy among examiners, as a non-invasion examination, it needs further research.