ABSTRACT
The earliest time of adequate ophthalmic examination is about 2 1/2 to 3 years old (verbal child). The authors performed 7 tests in the group of normal children aged at 3 years old. The subjects of study were 44 children, 88 eyes, in which there are no amblyopes and no strabismus, whose corrected visual acuity were 0.6 or better, and whose differences of visual acuity between right and left eyes were two or less lines on Han's chart. The average age is 41.7 months, uncorrected visual acuity mainly ranged from 0.3 to 0.8 on Han's chart, and the average value of refraction is +1.21 +/- 1.917D. The visual acuity and refractive power showed significant correlation (p<0.05). Of 88 eyes which underwent cycloplegic refraction, 47 eyes (53.5%) showed hyperopic refractive error, and 58 eyes (65.9%) had astigmatism. Hyperopic astigmatism and with- the-rule astigmatism were the most common. The average value of the axial length (21.82 +/- 0.82mm) and anterior chamber depth (3.12 +/- 0.25mm) did not show significant difference between male and female 3 year-old child. But, axial length and refractive power showed significant correlation (p<0.05). 32 (72.7%) and 29 (65.9%) children passed the Titmus 200 sec and TNO 240 sec each, and all of the children who had 0.8 or better vision passed Titmus 100 sec and TNO 120 sec each.