ABSTRACT
Background@#Tick-borne encephalitis is human viral infection involving the nervous system and transmitted by the bite of infected tick. The TBE Virus is distributed in different geographical areas by three widespread subtypes of the virus: The Far East, Europe, and Siberia. The Far East type has a mortality rate was 30-35%, the European type has a mortality rate of 2.2%, and the Siberian type has a mortality rate of 6-8% (A.G. Pletnev, 1998) [2]. </br>In recent years, human cases of tick-borne infections have been reported in 19 European countries and four Asian countries (Mongolia, China, Japan, and South Korea) [3]. </br>Human cases of tick-borne encephalitis, tick-borne rickettsiosis, and tick-borne borreliosis have been registered in Mongolia since 2005. Deaths have been reported year by year [5]. </br>During 2005 to 2021, tick-borne rickettsiosis (71.6%), tick-borne encephalitis (17.3%) and tick-borne borreliosis (52.9%) were confirmed by epidemiological, clinical and laboratory tests at the NCZD. </br>Tick-borne encephalitis was registered in 63 soums of 15 provinces and 9 districts of the capital city, of which 90% were infected with tick bites in Selenge and Bulgan provinces. The average mortality rate is 4.9% (14), of which 28.6% in Bulgan province and 2.7% in Selenge province. </br>Tick-borne encephalitis is the leading cause of death in Bugat soum of Bulgan province and more infected men about 40 years of age [7]. @*Purpose @#Collect ticks from selected soums of the provinces, identify tick species, species composition, distribution, tick densities, pathogens of tick-borne diseases, conduct population surveys to assess the risk of tick-borne infections, and identify tick-borne infections.@*Material and Method@#Ticks were collected by flag from birch trees in birch forests and meadows with biotope and overgrown berries, determined morphological analyze and molecular biological investigation for detecting tickborne pathogens. </br>Questionnaires were collected from selected soum residents according to a specially designed randomized epidemiological and clinical survey card, collected information and forms were submitted to soum hospitals with a history of tick bites (according to clinical criteria). Serological tests were performed to detect IgG-specific antibodies to the collected serum mites.@*Result and conclusion@#Collected 121 ticks (120 I. persulcatus and 1 D. nuttalli) and not wound egg, larvae, nymphs. By molecular biological investigation detected 3.5% of I.persulcatus from Khutag-Undur soum of Bulgan province, 3.5% of anaplasmosis, and 14.1% of I.persulcatus mites from Bugat soum. 1.5% borreliosis, 3.1% anaplasmosis. </br>Detected DNA of 100% tick-borne rickettsiosis from D.nutalli ticks and determined circulation of infection among tick in Bugat and Khutag-Undur soums of Bulgan province. </br>247 people were surveyed, 56 blood serum from cases. Detected Q fever, erysipelas, and anaplasmosis, tick-borne borreliosis 3 (5.4%), tick-borne rickettsiosis 26 (46.4%), Japanese encephalitis 3 (5.4%), tick-borne encephalitis tick-borne rickettsiosis 6 (13.0%), tick-borne rickettsiosis tick-borne borreliosis 1 (1.8%), tick’s rickettsiosis Japanese encephalitis 1 (1.8%), tick-borne encephalitis tick-borne borreliosis 1 (1.8%). </br>By investigation, vaccination (88%) and wearing long-sleeved shirts and pants (81%) were the most effective ways to prevent tick bites (81%) [15]. According to our research, the percent of population knowledge in Bulgan province was insufficient (40.9%) which there is a lack of information, training and advertisement among the population in the province.
ABSTRACT
Resumen Se comunica el caso de un paciente que refirió mordeduras por garrapatas 18 meses previos en las piernas y el cuello durante su estancia en Tequesquitengo, en el estado de Morelos, los siguientes meses continuó con cansancio, mareo, dolores musculares, artritis, pérdida de peso y alteraciones en la memoria reciente. Se establecieron diagnósticos diferenciales y se realizó estudio de Western Blot para B. burgdorferi, con lo que se estableció el diagnóstico de manifestaciones tardías de la enfermedad de Lyme. Esta enfermedad es una zoonosis trasmitida por las garrapatas Ixodes; cerca de 300,000 casos ocurren cada año en Estados Unidos. La manifestación clínica más común en la forma temprana lo constituye el eritema migratorio, puede haber manifestaciones neurológicas y cardiacas. Es posible que fenómenos multifactoriales, como los cambios climáticos, favorezcan la extensión de esta zoonosis fuera del tradicional territorio estadounidense. Debemos tener presente en nuestra práctica clínica las manifestaciones de la enfermedad de Lyme para su diagnóstico y tratamiento oportunos, cualquiera que siga siendo su incidencia geográfica.
Abstract We present the case of a patient who referred tick bite 18 months previous in legs and neck during the stay in Tequesquitengo, Morelos state, continuing the following months with fatigue, dizziness, muscle aches, arthritis, weight loss and alterations in recent memory. Differential diagnoses and Western blotting were performed for B. burgdorferi, which established the diagnosis of late manifestations of Lyme disease. Lyme disease is a zoonosis transmitted by Ixodes ticks and occurs in approximately 300,000 cases annually in the United States. The most frequent clinical manifestation in the early form is the erythema migrans, being able to present neurological and cardiac manifestations. It is possible that multifactorial phenomena, such as climate changes, favor the extension of this zoonosis outside the traditional territory of North America. We must take into account in our clinical practice the manifestations of Lyme disease for its timely diagnosis and treatment, regardless of its geographical incidence.
ABSTRACT
@#Tick-borne rickettsioses are caused by obligate intracellular bacteria belonging to the spotted fever group (SFG) of the genus Rickettsia within the family Rickettsiaceae in the order Rickettsiales16. @*Goal@# of this survey is to define prevalence of rickettsia and define clinical symptoms in Mongolia. @*Materials and Methods@#We used achieve data of National center for Zoonotic disease 2005-2016. All data were entered into SPSS-17 program and analyzed related frequency, distribution, and mean level. @*Result@#According to transmitter tick type, prevalence of tick is increasing by year. Around 70 percent of tick borne diseases were tick borne rickettsia. It registered in 118 soums of 20 provinces and 9 districts of Ulaanbaatar. Most cases registered in Govi-Altai and Arkhangai and in April to May. After tick attack of 1-3 days, fever, rash, headache, enlarged gland symptoms are presented mostly. in recent year, cases of tick borne rickettsia is increasing associated with climate change, density of tick and country location. Main clinical symptoms were high temperature (67.0%), strong headache (33.9%), to get break out (33.9%) and enlarging lymph (29.0%). Those symptoms were varied by age difference.@*Conclusion@#Tick borne rickettsioses registered in 118 soums of 20 provinces and 9 districts of Ulaanbaatar city and high prevalence observed in Gobi-Altai and Arkhangai aimags. TBR more registered in April and May and TBR patients were women-herders and children under 9 year old. Mostly, 1-3 days after of tick bite, some clinical symptoms such as fever, rash on the skin, headache, relieved the primary anti-inflammatory properties and enlarged lymphatic glands were detected. In recent year, cases of tick borne rickettsia are increasing in association with climate change and density of tick in country location and its needed broad and depth study on dynamics of TBR in various climate regions in Mongolia.
ABSTRACT
A 53-year-old woman presented with asymptomatic pedunculated mass on her buttock. She was attacked by the tick while climbing the Jungbyung mountain located in Changwon City, the southern coastal area of the Korean Peninsula. It was identified as male Amblyomma testudinarium according to its morphological characteristics. Histological examination showed dense inflammatory infiltration of neutrophils and eosinophils, and dilated vessels on the dermis beneath the biting site of the tick. There have been only few reports of the tick bite by A. testudinarium in the Korean literature. To the best of our knowledge, our patient is the second case of tick bite from this species and the first tick bite from the male tick recorded in Korea. Here, we report a case of tick bite by male A. testudinarium in a woman, including a review of relevant literature.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Buttocks , Dermis , Eosinophils , Korea , Neutrophils , Tick Bites , TicksABSTRACT
Objectives: The Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) belongs to the family Bunyaviridae, genus Nairovirus, and causes severe disease in man; the reported case-fatality rate is 3%–30%. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the CCHF cases in our clinic between 2009-2013. Materials and Methods: Thirty-three patients with the diagnosis of CCHF were followed up in Kayseri Training and Research Hospital between January 2009 and September 2013. Demographic, geographic, climatic, and clinical and laboratory characteristics of all patients were investigated. All of the cases were confirmed by CCHF immunoglobulin M (IgM) and/or PCR RNA positivity. Results: According to our reports 33 CCHF cases were followed in our clinic. Of the CCHF cases, 63.6% were male. Thirty patients (90.9%) were from rural regions. Seventeen patients (51, 5%) were farmers. The median age was 46.7 years (range18-71 years). On admission, 97% of patients experienced high fever, 100% had weakness, 93.9% had headache. The disease was more usual in May, June, July. Of the CCHF cases, 69.7% had a history of tick bite. On admission, all of the patients had thrombocytopenia, 87.9% had leucopenia, 27.3% had anemia, and 87.9% had elevated AST and ALT. Oral ribavirin treatment was used in 33.3% of the CCHF cases. The case-fatality rate was 12.1% (4/33 patients). Conclusions: CCHF remains a seasonal problem in the Mid-Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. The mortality rate in our patients was higher than reported in other studies in our country (12% vs 5%). CCHF should be accompanied with supportive care, especially including early platelet replacement.
ABSTRACT
A case of tick bite was found in the inguinal region of a 74-year-old Korean woman. She was attacked by the tick while working in her vegetable garden in the vicinity of mountain located in Suncheon City, the southern coastal area of the Korean Peninsula. On admission she complained of mild discomfort and itching around the bite area. The causative tick was 23 mm long and had slender pedipalps. The scutum was quite ornate and had eyes at the edge. The genital aperture was located anterior to the level of the coxa II. The spiracular plate was comma-shaped and the anus was surrounded posteriorly by the anal groove. The coxa I had subequal 2 spurs; the external one slightly larger. The spur of coxa IV was slightly longer than those of coxae II and III. The tarsus IV had 2 distinct subapical ventral spurs. It was identified as the fully engorged adult female of Amblyomma testudinarium. This is the first human case of Amblyomma bite in Korea.
Subject(s)
Aged , Animals , Female , Humans , Abdomen/pathology , Asian People , Insect Bites and Stings/pathology , Ixodidae/anatomy & histology , Republic of KoreaABSTRACT
Since the discovery of the CD30 molecule, its expression has been considered a reliable marker for CD30+ lymphomas, including lymphomatoid papulosis, primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma and borderline cases. However, CD30+ cells can be observed in Hodgkin's lymphoma, as well as in T-cell and B-cell lymphomas or NK cell lymphomas. Furthermore, it can also be found in reactive inflammatory disorders or in non-lymphoid neoplasms. It is very important to differentiate between lymphomas and reactive inflammatory disorders using a combination of clinical, histological, phenotypic and molecular analyses. We report a case of atypical CD30+ lymphocytic hyperplasia in a 57-year-old man following tick bite.
Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Bites and Stings , Hodgkin Disease , Hyperplasia , Killer Cells, Natural , Lymphoma , Lymphoma, B-Cell , Lymphoma, Primary Cutaneous Anaplastic Large Cell , Lymphomatoid Papulosis , T-Lymphocytes , TicksABSTRACT
The pathology related to a tick bite reaction is well described. Formation of a cavity below the mouthparts of the tick and mixed dense cellular dermal infiltration are general histopathologic findings of a tick bite. In addition, granuloma formation, vasculitic response, and panniculitis were reported. We present two cases of tick bite showing a new histopathologic finding, a localized fat herniation response.
Subject(s)
Granuloma , Panniculitis , Pathology , Tick Bites , TicksABSTRACT
Pseudolymphoma refers to a heterogenous group of benign reactive T- or B-cell lymphoproliferative processes of diverse causes that simulate cutaneous lymphomas clinically and/or histologically. This condition may be caused by known stimuli such as medications, infections or the bites of arthropods, or may be idiopathic. Herein we report a 36-year-old woman who developed a red nodule on the left neck following a tick bite 7 months earlier. Biopsy specimen of the left neck showed diffuse infiltrate of lymphocytes admixed with many eosinophils arrayed throughout the reticular dermis. The infiltrating cells were positive for UCHL-1, L-26(CD20) and focal positive for lambda-chain and kappa-chain, but negative for Bcl-2 and Bcl-6.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Arthropods , B-Lymphocytes , Biopsy , Dermis , Eosinophils , Lymphocytes , Lymphoma , Neck , Pseudolymphoma , Tick Bites , TicksABSTRACT
Since 1982, 31 cases of tick bites were reported in Korea and only one case of Haemaphysalis longicornis related to tick bites was included. Until now, nymph related or multiple tick(more than three) related to tick bites were not reported in the Korean literatures. We report three cases of tick bites by Haemaphysalis longicornis. The first case is a 71-year-old Korean woman who had a tick stuck on the anterior chest area. The second case is a 64-year-old Korean man who visited a clinic for pruritic, multiple, erythematous papules and nodules. The third case is 50-year-old man who visited the hospital for pruritic, erythematous nodules on calf area. Eight ticks were collected from three patients which were one female in the first case, two females in the second case and two females and three nymphs in the third case and all of them were identified as Haemaphysalis longicornis.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Korea , Nymph , Thorax , Tick Bites , TicksABSTRACT
We report two human cases of tick bite. A 63-year-old male had a pruritic pea-sized brownish nodule on the left popliteal area. Another 41-year-old male had an asymptomatic bean-sized black nodule in the pubic area. The ticks were identified as Ixodes nipponensis, which are the 18th and the 19th cases in Korea.
Subject(s)
Adult , Animals , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Bites and Stings/parasitology , Ixodes/anatomy & histology , Skin/parasitology , Tick Infestations/parasitologyABSTRACT
Histopathologic findings of the tick bite are variable depending upon variable factors such as duration of feeding, size and shape of the mouthpart, type of tick secretion, etc. Intradermal cavity, which is formed as an uncoagulated blood pool under the inserted hypostome, is one of the characteristic acute histopathologic finding of tick bite especially by Ixodes species. We, herein, report a 46 year-old female patient of tick bile by Ixodes sp. in which histologic findings showed characteristic intradermal cavity formation surrounded by infiltration of many neutrophils and a few eosinophils as well as many extravasated red blood cells.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Bile , Eosinophils , Erythrocytes , Ixodes , Neutrophils , Tick Bites , TicksABSTRACT
We report a case of a tick bite by Ixodes nipponensis found on the neck of a 75-year-old female. The tick was thought to be in the lesion for 10 days. Till now 31 cases of tick bites were reported in Korea including the present case. The review of the Korean cases revealed that the ratio of female/male was 1.3 : 1, its age distribution was from 1st to 8th decade, sites of the invasion were trunk, head and neck, extremities, and anogenital area in order of frequency. Its prevalent season was spring and summer and the most common species(17/31) was Ixodes nipponensis.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Age Distribution , Extremities , Head , Ixodes , Korea , Neck , Seasons , Tick Bites , TicksABSTRACT
Tick bites are dermatoses not commonly encountered in Korea. Identification of causative ticks as well as recognition of clinical signs and histopathologic findings are important in making a diagnosis in tick-related dermatoses. Hard ticks which belong to the Family Ixodidae are responsible for most tick-related diseases. Since the first human case of tick bite in Korea was reported in 1982, seventeen cases have been reported up to the present. All the inflicted ticks belonged to the genus Ixodes except a case by Haemaphysalis flava. Among 16 ticks, collected from 16 cases of tick bites caused by the genus Ixodes, nine I. nipponenses, an I. ovatus and I. persulcatus were identified. Recently we experienced 8 cases of tick bites, 6 of them were caused by the genus Ixodes including 4 I. nipponenses. One of them, whose essential complaint was fever and chills, showed the clinical course of tick bite pyrexia which had not been reported in Korea. The clinical and epidemiological findings of tick bites reported in Korea were reviewed, including these 8 cases.
Subject(s)
Humans , Chills , Diagnosis , Fever , Ixodes , Ixodidae , Korea , Skin Diseases , Tick Bites , TicksABSTRACT
We report a case of a tick bite by Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann. The tick was found on the left knee of a 75-year-old male and captured alive. We observed its process of laying eggs and becoming larvae after human blood sucking. Our data include the size and weight of the female tick (8.2 X 6.2mm, 138mg) after blood sucking, preoviposition period(4 day), oviposition period(21 day), number of eggs(1486) and size of unfed larva(0.40-0.44 x 0.58-0.60 mm). It had a 2n number of 22 chromosomes which showed chromosomal pattern of bisexual clones but its life cycle, especially oviposition to hatching period, showed that of pathenogenetic clones. This is the first Korean report of a tick bite by Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann and the laboratory observation of the causative tick laying eggs and becoming larvae.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Bisexuality , Clone Cells , Eggs , Knee , Larva , Life Cycle Stages , Oviposition , Ovum , Tick Bites , TicksABSTRACT
The occurrence of tick bites and related dermatoses have been rarely described in Korea. Ticks may cause various infectious diseases associated with dermatoses by transmission of the mediating pathogens such as virus, bacteria and rickettsia. We describe herein, to our knowledge, the first tick bite with Ixodes monospinosus in Korea, The patient, a 64-year old male, was bitten by a tick while climbing a mountain which is located in the Kanghwado. He had an asymptomatic, yellowish pea-sized tick attached on the right antecubital area for 7 days' duration, which was identified as an adult female of I. monospinosus by the scanning electron microscopic examination.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Bacteria , Communicable Diseases , Ixodes , Korea , Negotiating , Rickettsia , Skin Diseases , Tick Bites , TicksABSTRACT
We report a case of tick bite caused by Haemaphysalis flava which have never been reported in Korean medical literature. An 31-year-old woman had a asymptomatic erythematous indurated plaque with central crust by tick bite on the left upper back. A excisional biopsy specimen from the skin lesion showed eosinophilic degeneration with thrombosed blood vessels and dense inflammatory cells infiltration mainly composed of eosinophils in the reticular dermis. We could identify this causative tick as Hamaphysalis flava by using the scanning electron microscopic examination.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Biopsy , Blood Vessels , Dermis , Eosinophils , Skin , Tick Bites , TicksABSTRACT
A 53-year-old woman developed a psinful erythematous papular skin eruption around the biting site by a tick on the left lower abdomen. A excision biopsy specimen from the skin lesion showed perivsscular infiltration of inflammatory cells composed mainly of neutrophiles, lymphocytes, and a few eosinophiles and histiocytes throughout the dermis. Some of the vessels were dilated with protruding and proliferated endothelial cells. The tick was identified as an adult female of Ixodes nipponensis by the scanning electron microscopic examination.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Abdomen , Biopsy , Dermis , Endothelial Cells , Eosinophils , Histiocytes , Ixodes , Lymphocytes , Neutrophils , Skin , Tick Bites , TicksABSTRACT
We describe herein a case of tick bite ocurring to a 23-year-old man who has a characteristic lesion clinically and histopathologically. The tick(Ixodes sp.) was still attached to the brownish and erythematous, indurated skin of the scrotum. The engorged tick which was carefully removed from the skin with a scalpel was 8.7mm in length and 5. 5 mm in width. Histopathologically, characteristic amorphous eosinophilic materigl is deposited around a round space where the hypostorne of the tick was inserted. Heavy inflammatory cell infiltratton in the mid and lower dermis is composed mainly of neutrophils and eosinophils. A certain area of the lower dermis shows edema and capillary dilatation along with the mixed inflammatory cell infiltration, TVide excision of the indurated lesion including the tick was done. The clinical and hsitopathological findings of the tick bite was discussed.