ABSTRACT
【Objective】 To explore the viability and advantages of drones in blood emergency delivery. 【Methods】 The delivery of emergency blood by drones to the Second People′s Hospital of Yuhang District(referred as Yuhang Hospital) and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical College (referred as Binjiang Hospital) was analyzed retrospectively. The 8: 00-24: 00 traffic condition, at the interval of 2h, of working days were inquired by Baidu Map in order to compare the driving time with drone flight time. The temperature of RBCs and platelets during drone flight were monitored, and take-off and landing temperature were compared. 【Results】 47 deliveries (a total of 192 bags, 295 U) of suspended RBCs and 35 deliveries (a total of 113 bags, 159.5 therapeutic dose) of platelets were, respectively, conducted to Yuhang Hosital and Binjiang Hospital. Two transfer stations for battery charging were needed during the delivery to Yuhang Hospital, and the average one-way time by driving was similar with by drones(50 vs 55 min), without any superiority in time-efficiency. Binjiang Hospital, however, benefited from this drone delivering(driving 10mins vs drone 6 mins). As round-trip delivery for emergency blood was saved, it’s economical for the hospital to get the time-sensitive blood timely. The temperature of suspended RBCs and platelets during flight was between 2.1~7.9 ℃ and 20.2~24.2 ℃, with temperature difference at 0.3~3.7 ℃ and 0.3~3.6℃, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Drones, with good application prospects, can be applied in emergency blood delivery, and further study is needed to improve the time-efficiency and cold chain monitoring system.
ABSTRACT
Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) pill, the most representative and successive dosage form, is called as one of the four classical TCM dosage forms. "Pills could keep the lasting and lenitive therapeutic efficacy for a long period" is the most classical dosage form theory, showing a guidance significance in making recipe, preparations and clinic application. In this article, we would elucidate the inheritance and development significance of TCM pills in three key points, including dosage form theory, pharmaceutical preparation technology and clinic usage based on the pharmaceutics connotation of this theory. From this, it can provide the basis for researches on pills mechanism, material basis and mode of action in clinical application.
ABSTRACT
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de campo e de tempo na operação de colheita mecanizada em lavouras de arroz irrigado, localizadas na região da Depressão Central do Rio Grande do Sul. Na safra 2008/2009, foram avaliadas propriedades que utilizaram lavouras sistematizadas com nivelamento da superfície do solo em nível e com nivelamento da superfície do solo em desnível. Durante as operações, foram coletados os dados para o cálculo das eficiências de campo e de tempo, através de caderneta de campo, cronômetro, e com auxílio de um aparelho receptor de sinal de GPS (Global Positioning System). Não houve diferença significativa, em nível de 5% de probabilidade de erro, entre as duas modalidades de sistematização para as eficiências estudadas. Para eficiência de campo, encontrou-se um valor médio de 65,2% e, para a eficiência de tempo, 75,7%. O tempo de descarga foi o fator que teve maior correlação negativa com a eficiência de tempo, e os fatores tempo de deslocamento e deslocamento médio foram os que tiveram maior correlação negativa com a eficiência de campo. Realizar as descargas com a colhedora em operação e evitar efetuar manobras nos vértices das lavouras, quando possível, mesmo que se perca em eficiência da barra de corte, podem otimizar a eficiência de campo.
The objective of this research was to evaluate the time efficiency and the field efficiency of the harvesting operation in rice fields, located in the region of Depressão Central of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. In the summer of 2008/2009, 19 operations were evaluated, being fifteen fields of them with land level and four without land level. The operation data were collected through the use of stopwatch, a clip board to record observations and with a signal receiver of GPS (Global Positioning System). There was no significant difference in the 5% level of probability of error between operations with land level and operations without land level. The field efficiency was calculated through the methodology used by GRISSO et al. (2002), and have been found the average of 65.2%, the time efficiency was determinate based on the concept of Hunt (2001), which have determined an average of 75.7%. Unload making combining with operation increase the field efficiency.
ABSTRACT
Objective To approach the directive function of time efficiency of first-aid to war wound and trauma. Methods To analyse the relationship between time and war wound or trauma death based on the statistical data of those wounds, then to define the time window of first aid aiming at the peak value of death. Results Bleeding and asphyxia should be virtually controlled in “emergency platinum 10 minutes”, resuscitation from shock should be within 30 minutes, at the same time, a definite operation to save life should be performed in “golden an hour”. Conclusions It is important to raise the time efficiency in each stage by training and improving the military affairs. To spread the first-aid knowledge may decrease cripples and mortality.