Structural-functional correlation using adaptive optics, visual fields, optical coherence tomography and multifocal electroretinogram in a case of torpedo maculopathy

We present a case of a 37-year-old gentleman with a rare diagnosis of Torpedo maculopathy (TM). We describe the multimodal imaging features of torpedo maculopathy using adaptive optics, visual fields, OCT and multifocal ERG, and understand the clinical and structural-functional correlation in TM. According to us, this is the first case report to describe the adaptive optics imaging findings in Torpedo maculopathy in English Medical literature.

Multicolor imaging findings in torpedo maculopathy

We describe the multicolor imaging findings in two cases of Torpedo maculopathy (TM). Multicolor imaging can be a useful tool in identifying the level of retinal and choroidal layer involvement in TM. This imaging modality further confirms the hypothesis that TM is a localized congenital abnormality of retinal pigment epithelium pigmentation which leads to outer retinal and inner choroidal degeneration.

Multimodal imaging of torpedo-shaped fundus lesions: New insights

The purpose of this case series is to describe the varied presentation of Torpedo lesions of the fundus and multimodal imaging features in three eyes of three patients. Two patients presented with typical topography, i.e., temporal to the fovea. One patient revealed lesion inferonasal to disc with the head pointing toward the disc. All three patients had an attenuation of outer retinal layers on optical coherence tomography. One patient showed an additional large subretinal cleft. Variable hypoautofluorescence in the area of the torpedo was noted. To conclude torpedo lesions can present at atypical locations, have both retinal and choroidal atrophy and head point toward the optic disc.

Torpedo maculopathy with multifocal central serous chorioretinopathy: A rare case report

We present a very rare case of torpedo maculopathy (TM) with multifocal central serous chorioretinopathy. A 26-year-old male presented with painless loss of vision in the right eye of 2 months duration. Clinical examination showed a torpedo-shaped lesion temporal to fovea and subretinal fluid in foveal center. Fluorescein angiography showed multifocal leaks. Optical coherence tomography showed an optically clear space/neurosensory detachment at the site of lesion. Patient underwent focal laser to the leaks. TM is a rare congenital disorder detected accidentally during routine fundus examination. It is usually unilateral and does not affect vision.

Torpedo maculopathy: A primary choroidal capillary abnormality?

A 26-year-old healthy male patient's fundus revealed findings consistent with torpedo maculopathy. Swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed a dome-shaped elevation of the retina at the level of ellipsoid zone. On OCT angiography segmented at the level of the choriocapillaris, a cluster of convoluted fine vessels was seen, and further, deeper scans of the larger choroidal vessels showed a slower flow. From these observations along with the embryological correlation of choriocapillaris development, a possibility of an abnormality preventing proper fenestration of the choriocapillaris along the horizontal raphe being responsible for this anomaly is suggested.