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Aims: Our study was carried out to appraise the phytochemical screening and antioxidant potentials of Sonneratia caseolaris (Linn.) bark extracts. Study Design: For the purpose of this experiment the extracts were subjected for an in-vitro study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in August 2014 in the Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methodology: The various fractions of Sonneratia caseolaris (Linn.) barks as Ethanolic (ETF), ethyl acetate (EAF), chloroform(CLF) and pet ether (PTF) fractions-were obtained after extraction were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening. The antioxidant capacity of these fractions were evaluated using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay .Total antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of ETF, EAF, CLF and PTF extracts of S. caseolaris were determined. Results: The phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoid, steroid, tannin compounds in large amounts. In DPPH scavenging assay among the extracts, ethanolic fractions exhibited the highest radical scavenging activity with IC50 of 4.57 μg /ml .The highest phenolic content was found in EAF extracts (63.00 mg of GAE / g. of dried extract) followed by CLF (36.25 mg of GAE / g. of dried extract) and PTF (26.28 mg of GAE /g. of dried extract). The highest total antioxidant activity was also found in ETF fraction (185 GAE/g of dried sample followed by EAF fraction (99.00GAE/g of dried sample), PTF (84.00 GAE/g of dried sample) and Chloroform (49.00 GAE/g of dried sample). Conclusion: Our result demonstrates that all the extractives of S. caseolaris have appreciable antioxidant activities. But, further study is necessary to isolate the active compounds.
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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the total antioxidant activity (TAA) in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and the effect of antidepressants on TAA using a novel potentiometric method. METHODS: Twenty-eight patients with MDD and thirty-one healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The control group comprised 31 healthy individuals matched for gender, drinking and smoking status. We assessed symptoms of depression using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). We measured TAA using potentiometry. All measurements were made at baseline and four and eight weeks later. RESULTS: There was a significant negative correlation between BDI scores and TAA. TAA was significantly lower in the MDD group than in controls. When the MDD group was subdivided into those who showed clinical response to antidepressant therapy (response group) and those who did not (non-response group), only the non-response group showed lower TAA, while the response group showed no significant difference to controls at baseline. After eight weeks of antidepressant treatment, TAA in both the response and non-response groups was similar, and there was no significant difference among the three groups. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the response to antidepressant treatment in MDD patients might be predicted by measuring TAA.
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Humans , Antidepressive Agents , Depression , Depressive Disorder, Major , Drinking , Potentiometry , Smoke , SmokingABSTRACT
Dietary antioxidants are known to play a key role in combating the cellular oxidative stress imposed by the free radicals as well as in inhibiting the undesirable changes in nutritional quality of food. The present investigation was designed to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant properties and the major phytoconstituents of some plants regularly used in Indian traditional diet. Methanolic extracts of Costus igneus, Foeniculum vulgare, Leucas aspera, Muntingia calabura, Physalis minima and Sauropus androgynus were prepared by maceration. Antioxidant activities were assessed using phosphomolybdenum method and ferric reducing power assays. Total antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts ranged between 4.89 μg/ml to 46.0 μg/ml ascorbic acid equivalents for the tested extracts. F. vulgare methanolic extract possessed maximum antioxidant activity. This investigation revealed the potential antioxidant activity of the tested extracts and therefore, their use in the regular diet will be helpful in combating free radical associated health effects. Also, antioxidant rich formulations can be prepared using these plant materials.
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Background: Aging has been found to be associated with various sorts of health complications. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the plasma paraoxonase (PON), Nitric Oxide (NO), Total Antioxidant Activity (TAA), lipid peroxidation and serum uric acid levels in the blood samples of different age group subjects and to determine their relation in the prediction of hypertension and cardiovascular disease risk with senescence. Methods: Markers of antioxidant reserves (PON, TAA, and uric acid), lipid peroxidation and endothelial dysfunction were estimated in selected 120 healthy subjects by using standard methods. Out of 120 subjects, 80 individuals were categorized into two groups: group I (40-55 years) and group II (≥56 years) and statistically compared it with that of 40 younger controls (20-30 years). Results: Marked depletion in plasma PON and NO levels were observed in group I and II subjects as compared to healthy controls whereas plasma lipid hydroperoxide (LHP) and erythrocyte malondialdehyde levels (MDA) were increased significantly (P <0.05) in group I and II subjects. However, levels of plasma TAA and uric acid were altered significantly (P <0.05) only in group II subjects. In addition, PON levels were inversely correlated with endothelial dysfunction, lipid peroxidation and uric acid, and positively related with TAA. Conclusions: These findings reflect the importance of assessment of plasma paraoxonase, as excellent marker along with NO in early prediction of hypertension risk and its related cardiovascular complications in elderly. Therefore, antioxidant defence system of body should be boosted up with advancing of age in order to avert future complications.
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Aim: To carry out qualitative determination of phytochemicals and evaluate antioxidant potential of Euphorbia heterophylla Linn. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemistry, Government College University Lahore, Pakistan, between October, 2011 and February, 2012. Material and Method: The methanolic extract of the plant was dissolved in distilled water and partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol sequentially. The antioxidant potential of all these fractions and remaining aqueous fraction was analyzed by these methods: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, total antioxidant activity, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay, Ferric Thiocyanate (FTC) assay while Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method was used to analyse total phenolic content. Phytochemical analysis were performed on the plant extracts to detect the presence of secondary metabolites. Results: Phytochemical screening revealed phenolics and flavonoids in abundance inchloroform soluble fraction, ethyl acetate soluble fraction and n-butanol soluble fraction. Also the ethyl acetate soluble fraction, n-butanol soluble fraction and remaining aqueous fraction contained saponins and sugars. Terpenoids were detected in all other fractions except the aqueous fraction. Alkaloids were determined in ethyl acetate and n-butanol soluble fraction only while tannins and cardiac glycosides were present in n-butanol soluble fraction and ethyl acetate soluble fraction respectively. Antioxidant assays revealed that Ethyl acetate soluble fraction exhibited highest percent inhibition of DPPH radical i.e. 80.09±0.87% at a concentration of 120 μg/ml as compared to other fractions. IC50 value of ethyl acetate fraction was found to be 36.85±1.8 μg/ml relative to ascorbic acid having IC50 value 58.8±0.89 μg/ml. It also showed the highest value of total antioxidant activity i.e. 0.918±0.08 as well as highest FRAP value 200.05±0.4 TE μM/ml, highest amount of total phenolic compounds (190.1±1.21 GAE mg/g) and highest percentage of inhibition of lipid peroxidation (54.23±0.57%). Chloroform soluble fraction showed IC50 value of 149.84±1.02, total antioxidant activity 0.739±0.06; FRAP value115.15±0.2 μM/ml, total phenolic content 137.1±1.4 GAE mg/g and 41.31±0.53% percent inhibition of lipid peroxidation. n-Butanol soluble fraction showed IC50 value of 117.67±0.7, total antioxidant activity 0.532±0.03, FRAP value127.5±0.9 μM/ml, total phenolic content 93.5±0.3 GAE mg/g and 32.15±0.9% percent inhibition of lipid peroxidation. n-Hexane soluble fraction showed IC50 value of 769.7±1.5, antioxidant activity 0.174±0.07, FRAP value 98.26±0.8 μM/ml, total phenolic content 19.5±1.23 GAE mg/g and 12.09±0.8% percent inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Aqueous fraction showed IC50 value of 669.3±1.04, antioxidant activity 0.152±0.041; FRAP value 68.7±0.3 μM/ml, total phenolic content 36.3±0.9 GAE mg/g and 25.01±0.96% percent inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Conclusion: Ethyl acetate soluble fraction was found to be rich in natural antioxidants and a good source of phytochemicals.
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Background: Bronchial Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease along with hyperresponsiveness of bronchi. The present study was designed to assess the redox status of patients suffering from bronchial asthma and to compare it with that of normal healthy controls, by determining the total antioxidant activity (AOA) of the serum and saliva and correlating it with the disease status. Method: Total AOA was assayed spectrophotometrically in saliva and serum of two groups; asthmatic patients attending OPD of pulmonary Medicine and healthy controls. The patients were followed for a period of three months after start of therapy and total AOA was measured post therapy. Results: Asthmatic patients exhibited significantly(p<0.05) decreased serum and salivary total AOA as compared to healthy controls. Decreased contents of total AOA in serum and saliva was positively correlated with the severity of disease process. Total AOA in serum was significantly (p<0.0001) higher than salivary AOA in all the categories of asthmatic patients. Total AOA in serum was significantly (p<0.0001) higher than that in saliva of the control subjects. The depressed total AOA returned to near normal values post treatment. In Conclusion: Total AOA in serum and saliva is a good indicator for assessing the severity and progress of bronchial asthma. Salivary total AOA can be taken as a potential biomarker for oxidative stress in asthmatic patients.
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This study was conducted to investigate the effect of soy protein hydrolyzate on lipid metabolism and antioxidant activity in the rat. Thirty-eight male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were divided into five groups: casein, isolated soy protein (ISP), seoritae protein hydrolyzate (SH), soluble soy protein hydrolyzate (SS), and insoluble soy protein hydrolyzate (IS). The control diet (casein group) contained 20% casein protein and experimental diet contained 10% casein and 10% isolated soy-protein or soy-protein hydrolyzate. Fecal lipid content was increased and lipid apparent absorption rate was decreased significantly by the ISP group at the first week of experimental period. Blood triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index (AI) were decreased by soy protein hydrolyzate groups than casein group. Liver total lipid, triglyceride and cholesterol were not different among groups, but showed decreasing tendencies in soyprotein hydrolyzate groups. The lipid lowering effect was prominent in the IS group among soy protein hydrolyzate groups. Total antioxidant activity showed increasing tendency in the seoritae hydrolyzate group. Liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase activities also showed higher tendencies in the seoritae hydrolyzate group than other groups. In conclusion, insoluble soyprotein hydrolyzate was more effective in lowering body lipids and seoritae hydrolyzate had higher antioxidant capacity among soy protein hydrolyzates.