ABSTRACT
Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar e discutir a detecção e a seleção de talentos na Ginástica Artística Feminina com enfoque para os aspectos que norteiam as condutas dos técnicos brasileiros. Entrevistamos 34 técnicos de 29 instituições distribuídas no Brasil. Observamos que os meios utilizados para detectar e selecionar os talentos na modalidade privilegiam a idade de ingresso, as características antropométricas e os testes físico-motores. Porém, sabemos que os determinantes do sucesso no esporte são multifatoriais e, por vezes, as avaliações transversais utilizadas não contemplam todos os fatores que contribuem para a obtenção de bons resultados no alto rendimento.
La investigación aspiró a presentar y discutir la detección y selección de talentos en Gimnasia Artística femenina centrándose en los aspectos que guían la conducta de los entrenadores brasileños. Hemos entrevistado a 34 entrenadores de 29 instituciones distribuidas en Brasil. Los resultados indican que los medios utilizados para detectar y seleccionar talentos priorizan la edad de ingreso, evaluaciones antropométricas y pruebas físico-motoras. Pero sabemos que los determinantes del éxito en el deporte son multifactoriales y, a veces, las evaluaciones transversales utilizadas no contemplan todos los factores que contribuyen a los buenos resultados en el alto rendimiento.
The aim of this article is to present and discuss the talent detection and selection in Women's Artistic Gymnastics considering the aspects that guide these procedures in Brazil. We conducted a field based study and we interviewed 34 coaches from 29 institutions. We find out that the methods used to detect and select talents in Women's Artistic Gymnastics prioritize the initiation age of practice, the anthropometrics characteristics and the physical-motor tests. However, it is known that the determinant factors for success in sports are multifactorial and sometimes the transversal tests used in the assessment can't cover all aspects that have impact on the successful career at sport high level.
ABSTRACT
Previously, we have reported that age-predicted heart rate at 50%VO<sub>2</sub>max (HR@50%VO<sub>2</sub>max) is an effective index of adjusting appropriate exercise intensity for health promotion exercise. Thus, the aim of this study is to elucidate the change in HR at double product break point (HR@DPBP) and the validity of HR@50%VO<sub>2</sub>max due to improvement of cardiovascular fitness. Ninety two healthy adults (57 +/- 9 years old), who participated in the health exercise training course, were studied. Participants were instructed how to control the intensity of physical activity for DPBP during their daily life. DPBP was determined with the use of incremental exercise test, and METs at DPBP (METs@DPBP), HR@DPBP, ratings of perceived exertion at DPBP (RPE@DPBP) were measured before and after the course. HR@50%VO<sub>2</sub>max was calculated with the following formula; 138 - age/2 (bpm). METs@DPBP significantly increased (p<0.001) after 10 weeks of the course, whereas HR@DPBP did not change. Interestingly, however, there was a significantly positive correlation (p<0.001) between amount of change in METs@DPBP and that in HR@DPBP (ΔHR@DPBP). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated this correlation was independent from sex, age and amount of change in HR at rest (p<0.001). Before and after the course, proportion of study subjects’ %ΔHRs ((HR@50%VO<sub>2</sub>max - HR@DPBP) / HR@DPBP x 100) within -10% ~ +10% were both 48.9%, and proportion of study subjects’ RPEs@DPBP within 11~13 were 92% and 85%, respectively. In this study, it was identified that significantly positive relation between amount of change in cardiovascular fitness and that of ΔHR@DPBP. This finding was independent from potentially affecting factors. In conclusion, this longitudinal study could suggest that HR@50%VO<sub>2</sub>max and RPE were valuable indexes of determining exercise intensity for health promotion exercise.
ABSTRACT
Twelve young boys as an experimental group and seven as a control group, aged 5-6 years, participated in a study to clarify whether circulorespiratory trainability exists in young children. The subjects in the experimental group performed a 915 m endurance run on an agricultural road every day except Sundays for six months. During the run, heart rates (HR) equivalent to 3-4 mmol⋅<I>l</I><SUP>-1</SUP> of blood lactate concentration (LA) were maintained for at least 3-4 min⋅m<SUP>-1</SUP>. The control group was given no special training.<BR>Before and after the training period, both groups were subjected to increased stepwise running velocity on a flat treadmill till subjective exhaustion to determine circulorespiratory variables such as heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake (Vo<SUB>2</SUB>) and blood lactate concentration (LA) at all steps.<BR>From the above mentioned procedure, the following findings were obtained :<BR>1) After the 6-month endurance run training, Vo<SUB>2</SUB>max/TBW was significantly (p<0.05) increased from 47.5 to 50.4 m<I>l</I>⋅kg<SUP>-1</SUP>⋅min<SUP>-1</SUP> and also the peak LA was significantly (p<0.05) increased from 5.41 to 6.36 mmol⋅<I>l</I><SUP>-1</SUP>in the experimental group. On the other hand, no significant increases were observed in the control group.<BR>2) Running velocity in the final stages (Vmax) was significantly (p<0.001) improved from 190.0 to 205.0 m⋅min<SUP>-1</SUP>in the experimental group. Such effects were due partly to the improvement of circulorespiratory function and partly to improved efficiency of running motion. However, no significant differences were found in the control group.<BR>3) Submaximal V, HR, and Vo<SUB>2</SUB>/TBW equivalent to 3 and 4 mmol⋅<I>l</I><SUP>-1</SUP> and their values relative to the maximum values showed no significant differences before and after the training period in both groups. The improvement of maximal circulorespiratory variables observed in the experimental group suggests the existence of trainability even in young children.