Effect of extraction timing of mesiodens on orthodontic treatment duration for abnormal eruption of permanent teeth in children / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@# To discuss the correlation between the extraction timing of mesiodens and the orthodontic treatment duration of its eruption-related complications in children to provide a reference for the clinic.@*Methods @#The mesiodentes of 187 children were classified as eruption type (typeⅠ), dental crown impacted type (type Ⅱ), interdental impacted type (type Ⅲ), and dental root impacted type (type Ⅳ). According to the timing of extraction, mesiodentes in typeⅠ, type Ⅲ, and type Ⅳ were divided into Groups A: before the eruption of the adjacent central incisor and B: after the eruption of the adjacent central incisor. Mesiodentes in type Ⅱ were divided into Group A: before the eruption of the contralateral central incisor and B: after the eruption of the contralateral central incisor. Eruption-related complications and orthodontic treatment durations caused by mesiodens were statistically analyzed. @*Results @# There were 106 cases of displacement, 28 cases of failed eruption, 27 cases of tooth rotation, and 26 cases of individual cross-bite among the eruption-related complications caused by mesiodens. The mean orthodontic treatment cycle in Group A of type Ⅰ (7.07 ± 2.45 month), Group A of type Ⅱ (6.57 ± 1.12 month), and Group A of type Ⅲ (6.95 ± 2.52 month) were lower than that in Group B of type Ⅰ (9.67 ± 3.04 month), Group B of type Ⅱ (10.25 ± 1.29 month), and Group B of type Ⅲ (9.33 ± 3.26 month), and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in the mean orthodontic treatment duration between Groups A (6.00 ± 0.94 month) and B (6.33 ± 0.80 month) of type Ⅳ (P>0.05).@*Conclusion@# In most cases, the mesiodens are removed before the eruption of the adjacent central incisor, which can reduce the duration of orthodontic treatment for eruption-related complications in children.

Relationship Between the Initial Position of Palatally Displaced Canines and Treatment Duration / Relación entre la posición incial de caninos desplazados palatalmente y la duración del tratamiento

Abstract This prospective study aimed to assess the positional features of palatally displaced maxillary canines (PDCs), their relationship with both cephalometric and dental cast measurements and treatment duration. Pretreatment panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs and dental casts of 46 patients (23 patients with uni/bilateral PDC and 23 patients with Class I malocclusion) were collected. The mesial inclination of the permanent canine to the midline (α angle), the distance from the cusp tip of the permanent canine to the occlusal line (d distance), and the mesial position of the crown of the displaced canine (sector) were measured on the panoramic radiographs. SNA°, SNB°, ANB°, SN-GoGn°, SN-PP°, and PP-MP° angles and sagittal inclinations of the PDCs' (C-PP°) were measured on cephalometric radiographs. Arch length discrepancies and transversal arch measurements were also performed. The Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare variables that were not normally distributed while ANOVA was used for the normally distributed data. The arch widths were similar between the groups while crowding was significantly greater in the PDC group. A negative correlation was found between the α angle and vertical plane angle (SN-GoGn°). Treatment duration was positively correlated with α angle and d distance but there was no relationship with the sagittal angulation of the PDC to the palatal plane (C-PP°) and the treatment duration. Treatment duration can be expected to be longer with every increase in the angle of the PDC to the midline and distance from the occlusal plane.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio prospectivo fue evaluar las características de los caninos mailares desplazados palatalmente (CDPs), su relación con las radiografías cefalométricas, las medidas en los modelos de yeso y el tiempo de duración del tratamiento. Se recolectaron radiografías panorámicas, laterales cefalométricas y modelos dentales de 46 pacientes (23 pacientes con CDPs uni/bi laterales y 23 pacientes con maloclusión de Clase I). Se midieron la inclinación mesial de los caninos permanentes con respecto a la línea media (ángulo α), la distancia de la punta de la cúspide del canino permanente a la línea oclusal (distancia d) y la posición mesial de la corona del canino desplazado (sector) en la radiografía panorámica. En las radiografías cefalométricas se midieron los ángulos SNA°, SNB°, ANB°, SN-GoGn°, SN-PP° y PP-MP° y las inclinaciones sagitales de los CDPs (C-PP°). También se realizaron las medidas de las discrepancias de la longitud de arco y las medidas de arco transversal. La prueba de t de student, prueba Mann-Whitney U y la prueba Kruskal-Wallis se usaron para comparar las variables que no se comportaron con una distribución normal, mientras que se utilizó la ANOVA para los datos de distribución normal. El ancho de los arcos fue similar entre grupos mientras el apiñamiento fue significativamente mayor en el grupo de CDPs. Se encontró una correlación negativa entre el ángulo α y el ángulo del plano vertical (SN-GoGn°). La duración del tratamiento fue positivamente correlacionado con el ángulo α y la distancia d peron o se encontró relación entre la angulación sagital del CDP con el plano palatal (C-PP°) y la duración del tratamiento. Se puede esperar que la duración del tratamiento sea mayor con el aumento del ángulo entre el CDP a la línea media y la distancia desde el plano oclusal.

Factores que Afectan la Duración de los Tratamientos de Ortodoncia en un Servicio Público de Salud / Factors that Affect the Duration of Orthodontic Treatment in Public Health Services

RESUMEN: La duración de los tratamientos de ortodoncia siempre ha sido una de las mayores preocupaciones, tanto en los pacientes como en los Ortodoncistas. El proposito de esta investigacion fue determinar la magnitud de las inasistencias a los controles por parte de los pacientes y como estas y otras variables, influyen en la duración de los tratamientos de Ortodoncia en el Centro de Salud Familiar (CESFAM) Dr. Victor Manuel Fernandez, Servicio de Salud de Concepcion, Chile. Se realizo un estudio descriptivo, de tipo transversal, retrospectivo, en el que se utilizaron las fichas clínicas de todos los pacientes que fueron dados de alta por los Ortodoncistas del CESFAM Dr. V. M. F. durante el año 2017. La tabulación se realizó en Microsoft Excel y el análisis estadístico se hizo en InfoStat 17. Se incluyeron 246 pacientes, con una edad de ingreso promedio de 13,6 años. La maloclusion predominante fue la Clase I de Angle (71 %). Estos pacientes tuvieron una duracion de tratamiento promedio de 33,9 meses. Se concluyó que a mayor cantidad de inasistencias, el tratamiento de ortodoncia tuvo una duración mayor.

ABSTRACT: The duration of orthodontic treatments has always been one of the biggest concerns, both in patients and for orthodontists. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the magnitude of the absences to the controls of the patients and how they influence the duration of the orthodontic treatments in the CESFAM Dr. Victor Manuel Fernandez, Concepcion, Chile. A descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study was carried out, in which the clinical records of all patients discharged by the Orthodontists of CESFAM Dr. V.M.F. during the year 2017 were analyzed. The tabulation was performed in Microsoft Excel and the statistical analysis was carried out in InfoStat 17. In total, 246 patients were included, with an average age of admission of 13.6 years. The predominant malocclusion was Class I of Angle (71 %). These patients had an average treatment duration of 33.9 months. It was further concluded that the length of orthodontic treatment, was also affected by the increased number of times patients failed to show for treatment.

Prevalence of Anaemia after Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy among HIV-infected Patients Attending University of Calabar Teaching Hospital Calabar, Nigeria

Aims: To investigating some demographic variables and red cell parameters of infected persons already accessing antiretroviral therapy with a view to identifying sub-groups with higher proportions of anaemia.Study Design:Cross-sectional study.Place and Duration of Study:University of Calabar Teaching Hospital Calabar Nigeria, between August 2017 and July 2018.Methodology:Subjects comprised 60 male and female HIV-infected adults attending University of Calabar Teaching Hospital Calabar, and equal number of age and sex-matched control subjects who were HIV sero-negative as at the time of this study. The infected persons werebeing treated with either Tenofovir+Lamivudine+Efavirenz (TLE) or Lamivudine+Zidovudine+Nevirapine (LZN). A pre-tested structured questionnaire was administered by two trained interviewerswhich captured the bio-data, sociodemographic variables and therapy-related information. Venous blood was collected aseptically by standard phlebotomy into appropriate sample containers for CD4 and red cell counts by automation. Results:The proportion of anaemia occurring between TLE and LZN users was observed to be inthe ratio of 2:3. The RBC count, haematocrit and haemoglobin concentration were significantly lower (p=.000), while MCV, MCH and RDW were significantly higher (p=.000) in subjects infected with HIV compared to the control subjects, Duration of treatment beyond 6 years significantly raised both MCV (p=.007) and MCH (p=.006) compared to the first 3 years of treatment commencement, while the MCV, MCH and RDW-SD were significantly higher (p=.003, .014 and .018 respectively) among LZN users compared to those onTLE.Conclusion:Human immunodeficiency virus infection triggers pathologic mechanisms that culminate into anaemia. While the use of antiretroviral therapy appears to gradually resolve this derangement, the adverse effects of some of the antiretroviral agents contribute to the persistence of anaemia particularly with increasing years of treatment

Outcomes of comprehensive fixed appliance orthodontic treatment: A systematic review with meta-analysis and methodological overview / 대한치과교정학회지

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic review was to assess the occlusal outcome and duration of fixed orthodontic therapy from clinical trials in humans with the Objective Grading System (OGS) proposed by the American Board of Orthodontics. METHODS: Nine databases were searched up to October 2016 for prospective/retrospective clinical trials assessing the outcomes of orthodontic therapy with fixed appliances. After duplicate study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment according to the Cochrane guidelines, random-effects meta-analyses of the mean OGS score and treatment duration were performed and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 34 relevant clinical trials including 6,207 patients (40% male, 60% female; average age, 18.4 years) were identified. The average OGS score after treatment was 27.9 points (95% CI, 25.3–30.6 points), while the average treatment duration was 24.9 months (95% CI, 24.6–25.1 months). There was no significant association between occlusal outcome and treatment duration, while considerable heterogeneity was identified. In addition, orthodontic treatment involving extraction of four premolars appeared to have an important effect on both outcomes and duration of treatment. Finally, only 10 (39%) of the identified studies matched compared groups by initial malocclusion severity, although meta-epidemiological evidence suggested that matching may have significantly influenced their results. CONCLUSIONS: The findings from this systematic review suggest that the occlusal outcomes of fixed appliance treatment vary considerably, with no significant association between treatment outcomes and duration. Prospective matched clinical studies that use the OGS tool are needed to compare the effectiveness of orthodontic appliances.

Experience with the Pascal® photocoagulator: An analysis of over 1200 laser procedures with regard to parameter refinement.

Aim: To systematically refine and recommend parameter settings of spot size, power, and treatment duration using the Pascal® photocoagulator, a multi-spot, semi-automated, short-duration laser system. Materials and Methods: A retrospective consecutive series with 752 Caucasian eyes and 1242 laser procedures over two years were grouped into, (1) 374 macular focal / grid photocoagulation (FP), (2), 666 panretinal photocoagulation (PRP), and (3) 202 barrage photocoagulation (BP). Parameters for power, duration, spot number, and spot size were recorded for every group. Results: Power parameters for all groups showed a non-gaussian distribution; FP group, median 190 mW, range 100 – 950 mW, and PRP group, median 800 mW, range 100 – 2000 mW. On subgroup comparison, for similar spot size, as treatment duration decreased, the power required increased, albeit in a much lesser proportion than that given by energy = power × time. Most frequently used patterns were single spot (89% of cases) in FP, 5 × 5 box (72%) in PRP, and 2 × 2 box (78%) in BP. Spot diameters as high as ≈ 700 μm on retina were given in the PRP group. Single session PRP was attempted in six eyes with a median spot count of 3500. Conclusion: Overall, due to the small duration of its pulse, the Pascal® photocoagulator tends to use higher powers, although much lower cumulative energies, than those used in a conventional laser. The consequent lesser heat dissipation, especially lateral, can allow one to use relatively larger spot sizes and give more closely spaced burns, without incurring significant side effects.

Clinical Predictors of Drug Response in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate which clinical variables might influence the antiobsessional responses to proserotonergic drugs in a sample of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). METHODS: Two hundred forty-nine patients with DSM-IV OCD under-gone mean 13-month treatments with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. According to the treatment response, defined as a reductions of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) total score > or =35%, patients were divided into two groups. RESULTS: One hundred fourteen patients responded to the treatment and the other one hundred thirty five patients did not. Responders had a significant long duration of medication in YUMC OCD clinic, short total duration of past treatment in other institutes, and higher frequency of drug naive cases and lower baseline Y-BOCS scores. CONCLUSION: The pre-treatment factors including total duration of past treatment, drug naive or not, baseline OCD symptoms and the factor of duration of the treatment may influence drug treatment response in OCD patients.

Comparison of therapeutic results between combination therapy of peginterferon alpha-2a plus ribavirin and interferon alpha-2b plus ribavirin according to treatment duration in patients with chronic hepatitis C / 대한간학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study compared the efficacy and safety of combined peginterferon alfa (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin with that of combined interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) and ribavirin, according to the treatment duration in Korean patients with chronic hepatitis C. METHODS: Medical records of 86 patients treated with PEG-IFN and ribavirin (mean age, 50.7 years; males/females, 57/29; genotypes 1/2, 59/27) and 134 patients treated with IFN-alpha and ribavirin (mean age, 50.9 years; males/females 74/60; genotypes 1/2, 79/55) were reviewed. Ribavirin was administered at doses of 600-1,200 mg and 600-800 mg in patients with genotypes 1 and 2, respectively. RESULTS: Sustained virological responses (SVRs) were evident in 68.4% and 41.7% of genotype 1 patients treated for 48 weeks in the PEG-IFN and IFN-alpha groups, respectively (P=0.021), and in 94.1% and 64.9% of genotype 2 patients treated for 24 weeks (P=0.026). Some genotype 1 patients treated for 24 weeks in the PEG-IFN group, who all exhibited negative HCV PCR results at week 12, showed an SVR of 87.5% (7/8). CONCLUSIONS: The rate of SVRs in Korean patients with chronic hepatitis C was higher for combined PEG-IFN and ribavirin than for combined IFN-alpha and ribavirin. Further study is needed to clarify the outcome of short-term therapy in patients with a rapid or early virological response.

Factors that influence treatment duration for patients with palatally impacted maxillary canines / 대한치과교정학회지

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the status of a unilateral palatally impacted maxillary canine (as seen on the panoramic radiograph) and the orthodontic treatment duration. METHODS: A total of 36 subjects were chosen (8 males and 28 females, 13.7 +/- 2.5 years). All patients had undergone orthodontic traction of the impacted canine after a closed flap surgery. The position of impacted canine on the panoramic radiograph was traced and calculated with regard to the treatment duration. RESULTS: The canine overlap over the lateral incisor (COGr) had significant statistical difference between the short-term and the long-term treatment duration groups (divided by average treatment time of 21 months) (p < 0.05). Multiple regression indicated that the variables of significance (with treatment duration as the dependent variable) were the canine vertical height from the occlusal plane (HCV, r(2) = 0.115; p < 0.05) and the mandibular anterior width (MnDW, r(2) = 0.142; p < 0.05). The treatment duration, the canine angle to the incisor midline (CA), and HCV decreased from primary dentition (under 12 yrs) to permanent dentition (15 yrs). Howerer, these increased again at the adolescent ages (over 16 yrs). CONCLUSION: These findings suggested that orthodontic treatment of a palatally impacted canine would show good prognosis at an age of early permanent dentition with the canine showing smaller CA and HCV.

Clinical Outcomes of Tuberculosis in Renal Transplant Recipients

Tuberculosis (TB) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in renal transplant recipients. Rifampin has a potent sterilizing activity, but it reduces the serum concentrations of the immunosuppressive agents. Moreover, the possible contribution made by mycobacterial infection to the incidence of graft rejection or renal dysfunction remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the recurrence of TB and graft survival duration according to rifampin usage, and we evaluated the factors that could influence the duration time until the recurrence of TB. Seventy-eight TB patients diagnosed after kidney transplantation were studied. Pulmonary TB was diagnosed in 26 of the 78 patients (33.3%), pleural TB in 23 (29.5%), combined pulmonary and pleural TB in 5 (6.4%), miliary TB in 19 (24.4%), and intestinal TB in 2 patients. In the pulmonary (pulmonary TB and pleural TB) TB group, no differences in graft survival and the TB free duration period were observed between the rifampin usage subgroup and the non- rifampin usage subgroup. In the extrapulmonary TB group, no difference was found in mean graft survival time between the rifampin usage subgroup and the non-rifampin usage subgroup, but the rifampin usage subgroup showed that the TB had a tendency to recur later than for the non-rifampin usage subgroup (87 +/-8 vs. 44 +/-7 months, respectively, p=0.30). The factor affecting the duration period until the recurrence of TB was the treatment duration (RR=0.761, p=0.030). This study suggests that rifampin does not affect graft survival in renal transplant recipients in whom immunosuppression is carefully monitored. Also, the study results indicate that rifampin may prevent a recurrence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Prolonged treatment appears to be appropriate for renal transplant recipients with TB.

Adequate Duration of Medical Therapy for Koreans with Graves' Disease / 대한내분비학회지

BACKGROUND: Graves' disease is an organ specific autoimmune disease. Three kinds of therapeutic modalities(antithyroid drugs, ablation with radioactive iodine and subtotal thyroidectomy) are frequently performed for the management of this disease. The most popular therapeutic policy for the disease in Korea is antithyroid treatment. We analysed and compared the remission rates of all three modalities for Graves' disease, and evaluated the antithyroid modality to determine the correct duration of treatment. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The medical records of 205 patients with Graves' disease were reviewed. For the evaluation of the antithyroid modality medical treatment, antithyroid drugs were administered for more than 1 year. The prognostic factors associated with remission were analysed by means of an ROC curve. RESULTS: 1) Of the 205 patients, proportions that received medical therapy, subtotal thyroidectomy and radioiodine therapy were 83.0, 14.1 and 2.9%, respectively. 2) The remission rates of the medical therapy, surgery and radioiodine therapy were 60.0, 96.5 and 83.0%, respectively. 3) The remission rate of the medical therapy was associated with the duration of medication and TBII activity. The determined proper duration for the antithyroid treatment was 26 months from the ROC curve analysis. CONCLUSION: The above results suggest that the proper duration of antithyroid treatment for Graves' disease is 26 months, after which time the subtotal thyroidectomy or radioiodine therapy should be considered if the disease has not remitted.

Analysis of Eradication Rate of Helicobacter pylori According to Treatment Duration by Using 13C-Urea Breath Test Comparison of OAC 7, 10 or 14 days regimen / 대한소화기내시경학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Efficacy of triple therapy with omeprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin (OAC) for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) varies among different geographic regions and patient populations. And, there is no full consensus on how long this treatment should be maintained. We assessed the efficacy of the OAC regimen according to the treatment duration (7, 10 or 14 days) using 13C-urea breath test (13C-UBT). METHODS: Two hundred fifty five H. pylori positive patients with peptic ulcer were randomly assigned to a OAC (omeprazole 20 mg b.d., amoxicillin 1.0 g b.d. and clarithromycin 500 mg b.d.) 7, 10 or 14 days regimen. Eradication of H. pylori was assessed by 13C-UBT 4 weeks after the completion of therapy. RESULTS: 140 male and 115 female (mean age, 51.3) patients were enrolled. The overall eradication rate of H. pylori in each group was significantly higher in OAC 14 days regimen than OAC 7 and 10 days regimen (91.9% in OAC 14 days, 74.4% in OAC 7 days, and 80.2% in OAC 10 days, respectively, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The overall eradication rate of H. pylori was highest in OAC 14 days regimen in our study. We have found significant differences in eradication rates with previous reports, using CLO and histology, in Korea. Thus, further studies focusing on the treatment period may be warranted.

The treatment change of PAR (peer assessment rating) index and cephalometric measurements in Class I malocclusion patients / 대한치과교정학회지

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation between the treatment duration and cephalometric measurements and the PAR index in Class I malocclusion patients. In 100 Class I malocclusion patients, PAR score and cephalometric measurements were taken from study model and cephalometric radiographs and cephalmetric radiographs and analyzed statistically. The results of this study were obtained as follows: 1. Treatment duration was correlated with extraction and pre PAR index. 2.ANB, FMA,FMIA and IMPA exhibited positive correlation between pre PAR index and pretreatment cephalometric measurements. 3. 1 to FP exhibited positive correlation between post PAR index and posttreatment cephalometric measurements, and 1 to FP exhibited negative correlation. 4. 1 to SN, II A and 1 to FP exhibited positive correlation between % PAR reduction and the change of cephalometric measurements FMA, FMIA, WITS and UL, exhibited negative correlation. The results of this study indicate that PAR index taken from study model relate with items concerned with upper and lower incisors, and there are the tendency that pretreatment PAR index are larger in the patients with large ANB value and hyperdivergent face.

A Clinical Study on Tuberculous Cervical Lymphadenitis / 대한내과학회지

OBJECTIVES: Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis is one of the common cause of cervical mass in young adult in Korea. Sometimes it appears to be difficult in defining the role of surgery and duration of antituberculous treatment. To clarify the duration of medical treatment and to define the cause of prolonged treatment duration METHODS: we analyzed the clinical data of 62 patients with tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis diagnosed at the Chungnam National University Hospital from Jan. 1994 to July 1996 and all patients were divided into two groups (standard and prolonged) by treatment duration. RESULTS: The most prevalent age group was 20 to 39 years old (67%) and male to female ratio was 1:2.6. The most common physical finding was painless swelling on neck, standard group was 52%, prolonged group was 42%. The average size of lymph node was 2.7cm and 3.2cm, respectively (p<0.05). In prolonged group, incidence of associated pulmonary tuberculosis and previous antituberculous treatment history were higher than that in standard group (27%, 35% respectively). The most common affected site was right side of neck , whereas 19% of prolonged regimen group were involved in both side of neck. Bacteriological study from node aspirates showed relatively higher positivity in prolonged group (27%) than in standarded group (5%). The causes of prolonged treatment were increased mass(27%) or remnant mass(23%) and the develoment of new node formation and existing nodes after completion of treatment were found in both groups(10% of standard group , 19% of prolonged group). CONCLUSION: A new, prospective trial for proper regimens or duration of antituberculosis treatment is strongly needed.