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Objective: Management of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) is important for patients with type 2 diabetes merger hyperlipidemia. Pemafibrate (PF) has different characteristics from conventional fibrates. In this study, we retrospectively compared the efficacy and safety of PF and bezafibrate (BF) in patients with type 2 diabetes merger hypertriglyceridemia.Methods: Patients who were administered PF (0.2 mg/day) or BF (400 mg/day) for 24 weeks or longer were included. Twenty patients in each group were extracted using propensity score matching (PS). PS was calculated using the patient background (before the start of administration) of PF or BF. We investigated lipid-related parameters (TG, high density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], and LDL-C) and other laboratory test parameters pre administration and 24 weeks post administration.Results: TG decreased significantly in both groups (p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the TG treatment target (<150 mg/dL) achievement rate (p =1.00), TG change rate (p=0.84), and TG change amount (p=0.77). In addition, there were no significant changes in HDL-C and LDL-C in both groups. In the PF group, alanine transaminase (ALT) (p< 0.05), alkaline phosphatase (p<0.05) decreased. In the BF group, ALT (p<0.05) and γ-GTP (p<0.05) decreased. Both groups showed improvement in liver function after 24 weeks. eGFR (p<0.05) significantly decreased only BF group. There were no significant changes in renal function, creatine kinase (CK), or hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in either group.Conclusion: Our study suggests that there is no difference in the TG lowering effect and safety of PF and BF in type 2 diabetic patients.
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OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effects of herbal-cake-separated moxibustion on the repair of damaged vascular endothelium structure and the content of stromal cells derived factor 1 (SDF-1) in rabbits with atherosclerosis.@*METHODS@#A total of 75 rabbits were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, a direct moxibustion group, an atorvastatin calcium group and a herbal-cake-separated moxibustion group, 15 rabbits in each one. The rabbits in the normal group were fed with normal diet, and the remaining rabbits were fed with high-cholesterol diet for 12 weeks to prepare atherosclerotic model. Two groups of acupoints, one was "Juque" (CV 14), "Tianshu" (ST 25) and "Fenglong" (ST 40), the other one was "Xinshu" (BL 15), "Ganshu" (BL 18) and "Pishu" (BL 20), were applied in the direct moxibustion group and herbal-cake-separated moxibustion group; the two groups of acupoints were selected alternatively every other day. The moxibustion was given for 30 min per treatment, once a day for 4 weeks. The rabbits in the atorvastatin calcium group were treated with atorvastatin calcium tablets (1.96 mg•kg•d) which were crushed into powder and mixed into breakfast. After modeling, the rabbits in the normal group and model group received no treatment, and immobilized at the time when moxibustion was applied in other three groups. The levels of total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) were measured by enzymic method; the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured by colorimetric method; the morphological structure of aortic wall was observed under optical microscope; the serum level of SDF-1 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).@*RESULTS@#After treatment, compared with the normal group, the levels of TC, TG and LDL-C were significantly increased in the model group (all <0.01), and the level of HDL-C was decreased (<0.01). Compared with the model group, the levels of TC, TG and LDL-C were significantly decreased (all <0.01), and the level of HDL-C was significantly increased in the direct moxibustion group, atorvastatin calcium group and herbal-cake-separated moxibustion group (<0.01, <0.05). Compared with the normal group, the morphological structure of aortic wall was significantly damaged in the model group. Compared with the model group, the vascular endothelial structure was improved in the atorvastatin calcium group and herbal-cake-separated moxibustion group, and the pathological change of aorta endothelial in the direct moxibustion group was relieved. After treatment, compared with the model group, the level of SDF-1 was increased in the direct moxibustion group, atorvastatin calcium group and herbal-cake-separated moxibustion group (<0.05, <0.01); the level of SDF-1 in the herbal-cake- separated moxibustion group was higher than that in the direct moxibustion group (<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The herbal- cake-separated moxibustion can promote the expression of SDF-1 in serum and repair the damaged aortic endothelial structure.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Acupuncture Points , Atherosclerosis , Endothelium, Vascular , Hyperlipidemias , MoxibustionABSTRACT
Background: Estimation of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is crucial in management of coronary artery disease patients. There are many homogenous assays currently available for the estimation of serum LDL-C. Most clinical laboratories determine LDL-C (mg/dl) by Friedewald’s formula (FF). Recently Anandaraja and colleagues have derived a new formula for calculating LDLC. This formula needs to be evaluated before it is extensively applied in diagnosis. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the results obtained by direct homogenous assay for LDLC to those obtained by Friedewald’s and Anandaraja’s formulas with the assumption that the results obtained by direct assay are the most accurate. Materials and methods: We measured Lipid profile (TC, TG, HDL-C, D-LDL-C) by direct homogenous method in 715 fasting samples. Simultaneously Friedewald’s and Anandaraja’s formulas were also used for calculation of LDL-C (FF-LDL-C and AR-LDL-C, respectively). Results: The mean LDL-C levels were 117.78 ± 13.797, 115.51 ± 12.854 and 112.93 ± 11.671 mg/dl for D-LDL-C, FF-LDL-C and AR-LDL-C respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the results (P ˂ 0.001) obtained by calculation formulas compared to the measured LDL-C. There was underestimation of LDL-C by 2.27 mg/dl and 4.85 mg/dl by Friedewald’s and Sridevi V, Vinit Anand, Mahendrappa S.K. Comparison of Friedewald’s and Anandaraja’s formula with direct estimation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in Shivamogga population. IAIM, 2016; 3(7): 120-131. Page 121 Anandaraja’s formulas respectively. In this study, the Pearson’s correlation between FF-LDL-C and D-LDL-C was 0.881 and that between AR-LDL-C and D-LDL-C was 0.880. Bland–Altman graphs showed a definite agreement between mean and differences of the calculation formulas and direct LDL-C with 95% of values lying with in ±2 SD limits. Conclusion: The results of our study showed that FF is better in agreement with D-LDL-C than Anandaraja’s formula for estimation of LDL-C by calculation though both lead to its underestimation.
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An experimental hypercholesterolemia model was established by feeding rats on a high-cholesterol diet.During the period of establishment and rcatment of the expe- rimental hypercholesterolemia,the effects of pollen no.1,no.2 and pollen com- pound on TC,TG and HDL-C were observed,and HDL—C/TC was calculated. Inositol nicotinate was used for comparison.We found that pollen compound could decrease the serum TC level at the stage of establishing and treating hypercholestero- lemia.Ite effect was similar to inositol nicotinatc.Both pollen no.1 and no 2 had a function of decrcasing blood lipid.