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As with Amazonian primates, mixed associations between species in the Atlantic Forest are also influenced by ecological factors. However, Atlantic Forest primates may face additional challenges, such as isolation pressures and fragmentation of forest habitats, which may increase the frequency of these arrangements. The main of this work is to report a sympatry with possible interaction between individuals of two species of primates of the Pitheciidae and Callitrichidae families: Callicebus nigrifrons (Spix 1823) and Callithrix aurita (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1812) in an urban park in the south of the state of Minas Gerais. Individuals were observed interacting during foraging and displacement. The association of individuals of the two species can be explained by the low quality of the forest fragment, as it can increases the chances of obtaining food resources and configures a dilution strategy against predator attacks.
Assim como ocorre com os primatas amazônicos, as associações mistas entre espécies na Mata Atlântica também são influenciadas por fatores ecológicos. No entanto, os primatas da Mata Atlântica podem enfrentar desafios adicionais, como pressões de isolamento e fragmentação de habitats florestais, que podem aumentar a frequência desses arranjos. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um relato de simpatia com possível interação entre indivíduos de duas espécies de primatas das famílias Pitheciidae e Callitrichidae: Callicebus nigrifrons (Spix 1823) e Callithrix Resumo aurita (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1812) em um parque urbano no sul do estado de Minas Gerais. Foram observados indivíduos interagindo durante o forrageio e deslocamento. A associação de indivíduos das duas espécies pode ser explicada devido à baixa qualidade do fragmento florestal, pois pode aumentar as chances de obter recursos alimentares e configura uma estratégia de diluição de contra-ataques de predadores.
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【Objective】 To explore the optimization of blood testing strategies for voluntary blood donors in military blood centers. 【Methods】 From January 2017 to December 2020, the testing results of five serological indicators of voluntary blood donors from our center were collected via the blood transfusion management system . The positive NAT results of HBV, HCV and HIV, as well as the unqualified serological indicators, including the unqualified rate over the years, unqualified rate of military/civilian blood donor, reactive rate of dual-ELISA-reagent or one-ELISA-reagent etc., were retrospectively analyzed. 【Results】 The ratio of military blood donors to civilian blood donors in our center was 1: 4 during 2017~2020. The total unqualified rate of blood testing indicators of military blood donors was ALT>anti-HCV>HBsAg>HIV antigen/anti-HIV>anti-TP>NAT, and that of civilian blood donors was HBsAg > anti-TP > ALT > anti-HCV > HIV antigen/anti-HIV > NAT. The total unqualified rate of HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-TP in our center decreased year by year, the HIV antigen/anti-HIV fluctuated, and the ALT increased year by year (P<0.01). The ALT deferral rate among military blood donors was the highest, accounting for 65.85%(594/902) of the donation deferral. The reactive rate of dual-ELISA-reagent to HBsAg, anti-HCV, HIV antigen/anti-HIV and anti-TP in civilian blood donors were 72.87%, 33.02%, 16.56% and 67.67%, respectively (P<0.05). Among the 123 668 ELISA negative samples during 2017~2020, 56 cases of HBV DNA(+ ) were detected by NAT, including 3 cases of military blood donors. 【Conclusion】 The current blood screening strategy of military blood centers can basically guarantee the safety of blood use in clinical. For military blood donors, ALT deferral, caused by ALT results that are higher than the ALT threshold, was the main reason for blood scrapping. Strengthening the promotion and implementation of NAT, as well as adjusting the critical value of ALT is of positive significance for reducing the risk of blood transfusion-transmitted diseases and the waste of blood sources, thereby improving the safety and security level of the clinical blood supply for the troops, promoting the treatment capabilities of officers and soldiers, and even improving the combat effectiveness of the troops.
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Objective To investigate the dietary nutrition status of plateau frontier forces and to make recommendations on food and nutrients intake for plateau forces.Methods The dietary status of the plateau forces located at an altitude of 4600 m and 4030 m was investigated by weighing method.The dietary ration for soldiers, their daily dietary allowance and dietary balance index were used to evaluate their dietary patterns and nutrient intake.The concentrations of serum vitamin A and 25-OH vitamin D(25-OH VD) were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).The arm muscle circumference and body fat rate of soldiers were evaluated by GJB 1636A-2016 and body composition related standard respectively.Results The intake of eggs, milk and plant oil of Unit A was sufficient, while the rest of the food intake did not reach the military standard;The intake of grain and plant oil of Unit B was sufficient,but the rest of the food intake was insufficient.The intake of protein,calcium,phosphonium,sodium,iron,selenium,iodine,copper,manganese,vitamin E and vitamin B3 of Unit A were adequate, but that of energy,potassium,zinc,magnesium,vitamin D,vitamin C,vitamin B1 and vitamin B2 was insufficient, and the intake of vitamin A,vitamin B6,vitamin B9 and vitamin B12 of Unit A was deficient.The intake of energy, protein,vitamin E,vitamin C,vitamin B1 and vitamin B3,and most of the minerals was adequate in Unit B, but vitamin B2 was insufficient.Furthermore, the intake of calcium,iodine,vitamin A,vitamin D and vitamin B was deficient.The proportion of nutrients which supply energy and the energy distribution of three meals in the two units were imperfect.The concentration of plasma vitamin A in both units was sufficient,but the concentration of plasma 25-OH VD was deficient.93.5% soldiers of unit A and 97.7% soldiers of unit B reached the standard of proper muscle circumference,80.6% soldiers of unit A and 70.5% soldiers of unit B had a low body fat rate.Conclusion The dietary structure of plateau border forces is not balanced.The intake of some foods and nutrients is insufficient so that nutritional education is badly needed to improve the dietary status of plateau forces.
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Objective To summarize the practices of national emergency medical rescue team in the fourth ASEAN regional forum disaster relief exercise.Methods The establishing principle and training mode of national emergency medical rescue team were introduced,and the advantages and disadvantages of the team were described in the preparation for exercise and rescue practice.Results The experience in Malaysia improved the team in emergency support.Conclusion The medical preparedness and rescue practice in transnational disaster relief are of great value for rapid response of national emergency medical rescue team.
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Objective To construct and apply resuscitation and transfer modules in the field medical unit.Methods Two modules of resuscitation and transfer were developed according to the objective,principle and method of resuscitation and transfer modularity.Totally 3 modes were used during the application of the modules,including independent deployment,combined deployment by brigade and regiment treatment facilities as well as separate deployment.Studies were executed on classification of professional equipment,generalization,integration,portability and etc.The efficacy of establishing the modules was verified in the practical application.Resultd The modules enhanced the efficiency of the field medical unit while saved medical resources.Conclusion The resuscitation and transfer modules and their equipment systems in the field medical unit meet the requirements for rapid deployment,supply,withdrawal and etc of emergency mobile medical unit,and thus raise the medical service support ability.
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Objective To explore the feasibility and operability for constructing military hospital medical technology module to support battlefield medical service. Methods The present situation of field medical technology equipment management, maintenance and user of the PLA was analyzed, and the medical personnel and equipment in the military hospital and field forces were integrated and underwent modular management and utilization. Results Some suggestions were put forward for the use, management and training of the equipment and personnel involved in military hospital medical technology module at peace and war time. Conclusion It's feasible and operable to construct military hospital medical technology module to enhance comprehensive treatment ability of the elementary units.
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Objective To improve technical support of military medical equipment in clod alpine regions. Methods The present situation of the medical equipment applied during encamping training in cold alpine regions was taken into considerations, and the causes for the problems in technical support were analyzed from the aspects of standard, personnel, training and component supply, then some countermeasures were put forward accordingly. Results The countermeasures were brought out from the aspects of medical equipment reliability, technical support and components supply chain. Conclusion The equipment technology standard, personnel allocation and technical level as well as components supply chain are of great significance for the support efficacy of medical equipment in alpine regions, which have to be combined to realize efficient medical support.
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Objective To investigate the health security requirements on food and drinking water during military training on the plateau,and explore ways to improve military health security support capability.Methods Seven army units were randomly chosen.By means of on-site check and sample detection,both internal and external environmental factor changes and health and safety conditions of food and drinking water were surveyed on the plateau.Internal and external standard methods were used to test the stability of portable instruments.Results There was considerable difference in diurnal temperature and relative humidity between indoors and outdoors.In two field units,raw materials of foods were purchased in a centralized manner and suppliers were fixed,they were purchased independently in the othev five units. Facilities of food storage and transportation were lacking in all the seven units.In one of the fifty-three food samples, residues of pesticides exceeded the national standard.Among the three water samples,the level of turbidity,ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen was lower than the standard limits,but free residual chlorine and total chlorine were not detected.The plateau environment had no significant effect on spectrophotometers,but had significant influence on enzyme-linked immune detectors.Conclusion There are potential health hazards to training troops on the plateau that arise from foods and drinking water.Improvement of management and equipment adaptability is needed to further enhance the field health security efficacy.
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Objective To investigate the status of food hygiene safety in troop catering units, analyze the major problems, and to improve the service system of food safety in troops.Methods Seventy troop catering units were investigated by means of cross-sectional questionnaire surveys, on-site inspections and rapid detection methods.Results Among the 70 troop catering units, 70.0%were self-managed,and 28.6%were run by civilians.From them, 64.3%of these units were centralized above the regimental level.Five main problems with food safety were found during food processing:uncomplete cleaning and disinfection of the tableware, irrational layout of processing rooms, co-contamination in the processing link, purchase and storage problems of raw materials, and sub-standard internal management of hygiene.44.3%of the catering units had inspection staff, 40.0% were equipped with inspection equipment, and 35.7% had food inspection rooms. Conclusion There are potential hazards to food safety in troop catering units.The implementation of hygienic regulations should be strengthened, and food safety related equipment improved.In addition, staff′s awareness of hygiene should be enhanced, internal supervision should be strengthened, and the mechanism of rewards and punishments should be established.
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Objective To establish a safety culture scale for conventional submarine troops and to analyze the key factors influencing the safety during peace time, so as to provide evidence for future study. Methods Twenty-five items from relative scales were sorted based on a literature review, and 21 of them were included in the final safety questionnaire after extensive analysis and review. A total of 180 submariners were surveyed with the questionnaire, and the effective response rate was 81. 67% (147) and their data were used for further analysis. Results Thirty-two (21. 77%) responders have experienced a safety incidence, and 12 (8. 16%) had been injured due to the incidences. Four dimensions of the safety culture for the target population were indentified by exploratory factor analysis, including commitment to safety by the decision-makers, satisfaction degree of safety effort, priority of safety effort, and communication on safety, which could explain 71. 532% of the variance. The Cronbach’s α was calculated for each scale (all over 0. 7). indicating satisfactory internal consistency for this measurement. Conclusion High incidence of safety events and injury rate of the participants from submarine troop demand more efforts on safety. Submariners are different from other seafarers in civil groups. They are trained to be obedient to orders and leadership, aware of the importance of missions; on the other hand they have stronger self-consciousness and they are not satisfied with simple emphasis on safety and repeated education. However, they are not active in reporting safety issues to the superiors, so the safety culture among them needs to be improved.
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Objective To explore the correlation between TCM constitution and sleep status in escort troops. Methods Standardized TCM Constitution Questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to investigate escort troops. Factors of PSQI and constitution types were analyzed. Results The results of PSQI showed the number of escort troops who had bad sleeping (PSQI>7) was 64, which accounted for 46%of the escort troops, among which, 45 people (70.3%) were justified as biased constitution, while 19 were normal constitution (29.7%). The top three biased constitution in bad sleeping were:qi deficiency, phlegm-dampness and dampness-heat. PSQI factors such as sleep disorder, daytime dysfunction and total score had positive correlation with qi deficiency, yang deficiency, yin deficiency, dampness-heat and blood stasis, and negative correlation with normal constitution. Conclusion Sleep condition of escort troops has correlation with TCM constitution, which indicates that sleep status could be improved by regulating TCM constitution.
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The function of Medical Engineering profession in military hospitals becomes more and more important,so does the development of the professional person troops.There is an urgent need of a professional person troop with high-tech professional knowledge,rigorous science style and good managerial ability.Therefore,it is necessary to develop the professional person troops in Medical Engineering in military hospital.